Population poverty and development
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1) The document reviews population trends, poverty, and their links in the Philippines compared to other Southeast Asian countries. 2) While the Philippines has experienced modest declines in poverty, the number of poor has increased due to rapid population growth. Large family sizes also negatively impact investments in education and health. 3) Better fertility control and economic growth are needed to alleviate poverty in the Philippines, though interventions must consider poor households' preferences and ability to freely choose family size. More research is still needed to fully understand these complex relationships in the Philippine context.
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• “a state or condition in which a
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• and essentials to enjoy a minimum standard of life
• and well-being that's considered acceptable in society”
• Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2013-14
Who are consider to poor?
People living below $1.25 a day as per 2005 international dollar prices are considered poor. Poverty line are drawn locally according to some set criteria
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• a person is earning less than Rs.1745 per person is considered as poor in Pakistan.
• (source Pakistan economic survey 2013-14 where Survey of 2010-11 transpiring the above figure)
• Example. If a family consists of 5 members and their total income is less than Rs.8725 per month, than that family is considered as poor.
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• Official view: World Bank calculations indicate that there are 21.04% of the population (2008 estimates)are living below the Internationally specified poverty line i.e. $1.25.
• (source Word Development Indicator 2014)
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• Independent view: According to a study conducted by SDPI (Sustainable Development Policy Institute)
• 1/3rd Pakistanis are poor
• (source The Express Tribune 25 Feb. 2014)
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How we measure the poverty
• Headcount Index
• Poverty Gap Index
• Squared Poverty Gap (Poverty Severity)
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• Sen Index
• The Sen-Shorrocks-Thon Index
• The Watts Index
• And many others measures
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• Corruption
• Bad Geography
• Colonialism
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• Low level of Industrialization
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What is Poverty?
• “a state or condition in which a
• person or community lacks the financial resources
• and essentials to enjoy a minimum standard of life
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• Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2013-14
Who are consider to poor?
People living below $1.25 a day as per 2005 international dollar prices are considered poor. Poverty line are drawn locally according to some set criteria
Who are considered poor in Pakistan
• a person is earning less than Rs.1745 per person is considered as poor in Pakistan.
• (source Pakistan economic survey 2013-14 where Survey of 2010-11 transpiring the above figure)
• Example. If a family consists of 5 members and their total income is less than Rs.8725 per month, than that family is considered as poor.
How many people’s are poor in Pakistan?
• Official view: World Bank calculations indicate that there are 21.04% of the population (2008 estimates)are living below the Internationally specified poverty line i.e. $1.25.
• (source Word Development Indicator 2014)
How many people’s are poor in Pakistan
• Independent view: According to a study conducted by SDPI (Sustainable Development Policy Institute)
• 1/3rd Pakistanis are poor
• (source The Express Tribune 25 Feb. 2014)
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• When poverty is measured considering the money necessary to need the necessities than it is termed as absolute poverty. Whereas relative poverty in concerned the quality of life with respect to the other members of the society.
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• Headcount Index
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The document discusses several key topics related to population and the environment:
1) It examines how population growth impacts the environment through increasing demands on natural resources and generating pollution.
2) It explores questions around how population growth influences economic and social factors.
3) It discusses the demographic transition process where death and birth rates change as countries develop, initially increasing and then decreasing population growth.
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This document discusses overpopulation as both a strength and weakness of the world. It notes that the current world population is over 7.7 billion people, with China and India having the highest populations over 1 billion each. Overpopulation is identified as a weakness rather than a strength because it increases poverty and unemployment. Rising populations mean more strain on resources, higher pollution, and worse living conditions. Solutions proposed include increasing education, family planning programs, and raising awareness of the problems of overpopulation.
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The document discusses population problems in India and measures to address overpopulation. It begins by defining key demographic terms and explaining that demography is the scientific study of human populations. It then outlines causes of population growth in India such as improvements in healthcare and food production. Major consequences of overpopulation are described like pressure on land resources, food and housing shortages, unemployment, and environmental changes. The document concludes by summarizing new approaches to control population like decentralized planning and state-specific strategies, as well as measures like increasing the marriage age and women's status, education, and involvement of non-governmental organizations.
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“Sacred Water”; 10 years of community managed marine protection supported by ...
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“Sacred Water”; 10 years of community managed marine protection supported by ecotourism-based income generation at Waitabu Marine Park, Fiji
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www.waitabu.orgPresentm4
El documento describe un diálogo entre Juan, Diego y Taumante mientras contemplan las estrellas. Juan cree que las respuestas a las preguntas de Taumante se encuentran en la religión, mientras que Diego afirma que solo la ciencia puede explicar los misterios del cielo. Taumante parece tener una actitud filosófica al alentar a los demás a reflexionar sobre preguntas existenciales.
Presentacion 0000001
El diálogo presenta a tres jóvenes que contemplan el cielo estrellado. Taumante se encuentra maravillado y lleno de preguntas existenciales, mientras que Juan le dice que no debe inquietarse y que todo es obra de Dios. Diego argumenta que solo la ciencia puede explicar los misterios del universo. Taumante critica que pensar y reflexionar es una pérdida de tiempo.
Password game
This document provides setup directions for a vocabulary review activity game. Students take turns facing away from a presentation with 10 slides, each containing a vocabulary word. The class provides clues to help the student guess the word before time runs out. Playing this game helps students review and learn new vocabulary words.
Presentacion 0000001
El diálogo presenta a tres jóvenes que contemplan el cielo estrellado. Taumante se encuentra maravillado y lleno de preguntas existenciales, mientras que Juan le dice que no debe inquietarse y que todo es obra de Dios. Diego argumenta que solo la ciencia puede explicar los misterios del universo. Taumante critica que pensar y reflexionar es una pérdida de tiempo.
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Similar to Population poverty and development
UP Economists- Population-latest
1) Rapid population growth, especially among the poorest, poses difficulties for development and poverty reduction in the Philippines. Official data shows higher poverty incidence and lower human capital investment in larger families.
2) The poor prefer smaller families but are unable to achieve their preferences due to lack of access to family planning. Over half of pregnancies among the poor are unintended and unwanted births represent unmet need.
3) Ensuring access to modern family planning methods and information can help address both private and social costs of unintended pregnancies while respecting individual choice. Reproductive health and family planning programs offer benefits to individuals, the economy, and the environment.
GROUP THREE.pptx
Group Three presented on the topic of rapid population growth. Key points included:
- Global population has increased by 2 billion over the past 25 years and is growing by 81 million per year. Many nations have high growth rates, especially in the Middle East and Africa.
- Factors fueling rapid growth include high fertility rates, low education and economic status, teenage pregnancies, and low contraceptive use.
- Rapid growth strains social services and increases poverty, unemployment, and environmental degradation. However, it also enlarges the workforce and consumer markets.
- Strategies to curb rapid growth involve increasing access to education, family planning and reproductive healthcare, especially for women. But limited resources, cultural traditions, and lack of
Kohler - Family Planning
The document discusses expanding sexual and reproductive health services in Haiti. It notes that Haiti has the highest fertility rate and lowest contraceptive use in Latin America/Caribbean. Expanding family planning programs could reduce Haiti's fertility rate and unmet need for contraception, leading to improvements in health outcomes like reduced infant/maternal mortality and increased economic benefits through a potential "demographic dividend" from changes in Haiti's population age structure. However, it is unclear if evidence of family planning programs' positive impacts in other countries would generalize to Haiti. The document calls for benefit-cost analyses to evaluate potential outcomes of expanding such services in Haiti.
Causes and consequences of mortality decline in less developed countries, Sa...
Causes and consequences of mortality decline in the less developed countries by Samuel H. Preston. This article is presented in the context of Bangladesh. The sole purpose of this paper is to identify the factors responsible for the dramatic decline of mortality rates in the less developed countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. These factors were broadly termed as 'social and economic development' and 'technical changes'.
Urbanization and Fertility Rates in Ethiopia
This document summarizes a study on urbanization and fertility rates in Ethiopia conducted by Fanaye Tadesse and Derek Headey of the Ethiopian Development Research Institute. The study finds that Ethiopia has the largest rural-urban fertility differential in the world, with rural areas having 6 children per woman and urban areas having 2.4 children. Using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data from 2005, the study finds that factors like female education, age at marriage, and awareness of family planning have significant impacts on fertility that differ between rural and urban areas. The study concludes that expanding female secondary education, especially in rural areas, could be an effective policy for reducing Ethiopia's overall fertility rates.
Final Report in Health Task.
Rapid population growth is a significant obstacle to development in many poor countries. It leads to problems like environmental degradation as population and consumption levels rise, as well as economic stagnation as infrastructure and social services struggle to keep up with high birth rates. High fertility also contributes to issues like maternal mortality, youth unemployment, and political instability. While population growth alone does not cause poverty, it exacerbates development challenges. Reducing population growth through access to education and family planning is crucial for improving living standards in developing nations.
Population notes
The document discusses arguments for and against population growth in developing countries. It presents three main arguments made by those who believe rapid population growth is not a problem: 1) underdevelopment, not population growth, is the core issue; 2) population control efforts are a conspiracy by capitalist countries to maintain dependence; 3) population growth can be desirable for increasing labor supply and market size. It also discusses factors influencing population growth rates like women's status and education levels, rural-urban migration patterns, and resource consumption in developed versus developing nations.
Ethiopia at a Crossroads: DemogrAphY, geNDer, AND DevelopmeNt
Ethiopia has a large and rapidly growing population that is placing pressure on its resources and hindering development efforts. The country's total fertility rate has declined slowly from 6.4 in the late 1980s to 5.4 in 2002-2004, though urban areas like Addis Ababa have seen fertility fall below replacement level. Slower population growth could help Ethiopia reduce poverty, achieve education and health targets, and reap a potential demographic dividend as the workforce grows relative to dependents. Investing in family planning and gender equality, especially girls' education, would further reduce fertility and position Ethiopia to benefit from lower population growth.
TO BE CONTINUED
The document discusses the challenges posed by rapid population growth in developing countries. It notes that population growth has outpaced increases in food production, leading to declining per capita food availability and high levels of malnutrition. Providing education for all children is also a challenge due to the need for more schools and classrooms. Rapid population growth places significant burdens on governments to provide adequate services and infrastructure for a growing population. This hinders environmental, economic, and social development. International agreements like the ICPD and MDG aimed to address these issues through programs focused on education, healthcare, gender equality and other development goals.
15561183 Poverty In Pakistan
Poverty is defined as lacking essential resources for a minimum standard of living. It can refer to lacking material resources like food, water, and shelter, or social resources like education, healthcare, and social connections. Poverty may also be defined relatively based on income or wealth disparities. Definitions and measurements of poverty have evolved over time based on changing views of socioeconomic well-being. Poverty is caused by many interrelated factors including lack of resources, illness, natural disasters, wars, and unequal economic structures between developing and developed countries. Alleviating poverty requires both economic growth and investment in people through education, health, and other social services.
Changing structure of family
The document summarizes trends in family size and structure in the Philippines as the country has undergone economic transition from an agricultural to industrial society. Some key points:
- Average household size has declined from 5.9 in 1970 to 4.92 in 2000 as nuclear families become more common.
- Adult children are more likely to live with parents if the family has many siblings, low income, and lives rurally.
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1 Intro on Social Issues.pptx
The document discusses several social issues that contribute to injustice and inequity in the Philippines. It notes that over 74.7% of the population is considered lower class while only 0.1% is upper class. There are high levels of inequality in terms of income distribution. Some examples of social injustice include inaccessibility of healthcare, high poverty rates of over 20%, lack of access to education for many, discrimination, unemployment, and corruption. Rural areas face particular challenges with half the poor population living in rural locations. Cooperatives can help address these issues by providing an instrument for equity, social justice, and economic development as mandated in the Philippine constitution.
UP Economists- Population, the Real Score
This document discusses the relationship between population growth, poverty, and development in the Philippines based on analysis of macroeconomic data, household surveys, and people's views. Some key points:
1) While poverty has many causes, rapid population growth exacerbates poverty by reducing resources available per person. The Philippines' high population growth makes its poverty reduction target difficult to achieve.
2) Household survey data show poverty rates rise with larger family size, and mean income, spending, education investment, and health spending fall as family size increases.
3) Most Filipinos want smaller families but poor families in particular lack access to family planning and have more children than desired. A national population policy is needed to address
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...
This document discusses Kenya's programmatic responses to increasing utilization of family planning services. It reviews Kenya's existing policies and strategies and how they have impacted total fertility rate, contraceptive prevalence rate, and unmet need. Despite initiatives, total fertility rate and unmet need remain high while contraceptive prevalence rate is low, suggesting responses have not fully addressed the issue. The document proposes recommendations to enhance family planning services, such as increased political commitment, tailored community initiatives, and improved education and awareness campaigns. Family planning is important as it benefits households, communities and society by reducing population growth pressures on social services and stimulating economic growth.
demographic and population control policies
Factors that determine a country's population size include birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration. Birth rates are influenced by nutrition, fertility, abortion policies, economic factors, and culture. Death rates are affected by disease, war, healthcare access, and development levels. Immigration and emigration depend on "pull" and "push" factors that attract or displace people. Governments implement population policies to manage these factors.
1 Introduction on Social Issues.pptx
The document summarizes several social issues that contribute to injustice and inequity in the Philippines. It notes that over 74.7% of the population is considered lower class while only 0.1% are upper class. The middle class of 25.2% are heavily taxed. Other issues discussed include inaccessibility of healthcare, high rates of poverty (26.14 million live below poverty line), lack of access to education, discrimination such as against indigenous groups, unemployment, corruption, and economic challenges such as reliance on rice imports. The document argues these issues trample human dignity and that cooperatives can help address social injustice by providing for social, economic, and cultural needs of members through equitable contributions and sharing of risks and benefits
Sources or factors of demographic change socio report
This document discusses sources of demographic change, focusing on fertility, mortality, and migration in the Philippines. It notes that fertility rates are highest in African and Middle Eastern countries, averaging 7 children per family, while developed countries like the US and UK average around 2 children. Mortality rates are influenced by factors like access to healthcare and standard of living, and are higher in rural areas with less access. Migration patterns involve international, internal, and circular mobility and are impacted by push factors like poverty and pull factors like job opportunities. The Philippines' population has grown rapidly due to high fertility and is now the 14th most populous country, leading to family planning programs being implemented despite some church opposition.
impact of population explosion on environment
This document discusses the impact of population growth on the environment. It notes that human populations have grown rapidly due to factors like improved agriculture, healthcare, and sanitation reducing death rates. The global population growth rate is currently around 1.3% per year, with most growth occurring in developing countries. As populations increase, more resources are needed to meet basic needs like housing, food, water, and sanitation. Rapid population growth can also lead to problems like environmental degradation if not balanced with economic development. The document examines demographic transition models and factors influencing birth rates and population growth trajectories in different parts of the world.
Awareness and practices of family planning in the wa municipality
This document summarizes a study that examined awareness and practices of family planning in Wa Municipality, Ghana. It begins with an introduction that provides background on high fertility rates in Ghana and the need for family planning. The study aims to analyze determinants of family planning practices and examine awareness/knowledge levels. A literature review covers factors influencing contraceptive use and definitions of key terms. Data were collected through surveys and analyzed using statistical methods like logistic regression to identify relationships between family planning adoption and socioeconomic/demographic predictors. The findings provide insight into family planning awareness, knowledge and practices in the given region of Ghana.
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This document discusses sources of demographic data, focusing on population censuses. It describes a census as an official count of a country's population that collects data on characteristics like age, sex, employment status. Censuses are usually conducted every 10 years by governments and cover entire countries. They provide valuable population data used by researchers, administrators, and planners. However, censuses also have limitations like being costly and time-consuming to conduct. Additional sources of demographic data discussed include sample surveys and vital registration systems that record births and deaths.
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