The document provides an economic outlook for May 2013, summarizing indicators and forecasts for Europe, the US, and Japan. In Europe, GDP forecasts were lowered again for the EU and Germany. The EU's industrial confidence declined while consumer confidence improved. In the US, GDP forecasts decreased for 2013 but remained stable for 2014. Japan's GDP growth forecasts improved for 2013 and 2014. Overall, the report outlines recent economic indicator trends and forecasts to present the current economic outlook and conditions for major economies in May 2013.
This document discusses different ways to measure poverty, including income-based measures and measures of access to basic needs. It provides poverty line figures for the National Capital Region and Philippines from 2006-2008 based on income. Approximately 33% of Filipinos and 27% of families were considered poor in 2006 based on official income poverty lines. The document also examines self-rated poverty measures, deprivation of basic needs like education and health access, and quality of life measures like life expectancy and education test scores to analyze poverty in the Philippines. Inequality in land and asset distribution as well as inflation are discussed as potential causes of poverty.
Mr. d. developed and developing countriesvmorton58
The document discusses levels of economic development and indicators used to measure development. It compares characteristics of developed and developing countries. Developed countries tend to have low population growth, high literacy, long life expectancy, and a primarily tertiary economy. Developing countries face challenges accessing resources and capital needed for development. Factors like location, infrastructure, and political alliances also affect a country's economic activity.
The process of developing a PRS varies greatly because it takes place in different countries, under different kinds of governments and circumstances. In general, though, the process can be thought of in terms of several phases, although certain elements, particularly participatory processes, may run throughout.
The document discusses alternative economic indicators to GDP such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) and the Human Development Index (HDI). The GPI incorporates 51 indicators related to economic, environmental, and social welfare. It accounts for factors like income distribution, pollution, and resource depletion that GDP excludes. While GDP in Alberta increased 400% in 40 years, the GPI grew for two decades then declined, suggesting loss of natural and human capital. Adopting GPI could prompt policies that consider environmental and social costs and encourage sustainable business practices. The HDI measures health, education, and income but does not account for sustainability or distribution within countries.
This document presents information on GDP and the Physical Quality of Life Index as indicators of welfare. It discusses how GDP is used as a welfare indicator but fails to capture many important factors like wealth distribution, non-market transactions, non-monetary and black markets, the type of production, and sustainable growth. The Physical Quality of Life Index is then introduced as an alternate measure using literacy rates, infant mortality, and life expectancy, with the details on how it is calculated provided.
The document discusses several key obstacles to development including:
1) Poor governance in countries can hinder development through issues like corruption, bureaucracy, and lack of accountability. Zimbabwe is provided as an example.
2) Lack of access to capital makes it difficult for businesses in developing countries to grow without means to invest and expand.
3) High disease burdens reduce productivity by making populations too sick to work.
4) Natural hazards like droughts and floods can damage economies and set back development.
5) Protectionism and unfair trade practices in developed countries present obstacles to exports from developing nations.
Many environmental factors influence business operations, including social, economic, cultural, geographical, technological, political, legal, and ecological factors. The most important factors are socio-economic, technological, suppliers, and government. Social factors like culture, values, and social institutions are closely linked to business. Economic factors such as income, resources, infrastructure, employment, and a country's economic performance and system determine the business environment. Cultural factors such as social practices, education, and community norms cannot be disregarded, especially in India. Geography, climate, government policies on location, and seasonal variations affect customer tastes and the labor force. The ruling political party's philosophy substantially influences disputes and business operations. Laws regulate every aspect of business in
The document provides an economic outlook for May 2013, summarizing indicators and forecasts for Europe, the US, and Japan. In Europe, GDP forecasts were lowered again for the EU and Germany. The EU's industrial confidence declined while consumer confidence improved. In the US, GDP forecasts decreased for 2013 but remained stable for 2014. Japan's GDP growth forecasts improved for 2013 and 2014. Overall, the report outlines recent economic indicator trends and forecasts to present the current economic outlook and conditions for major economies in May 2013.
This document discusses different ways to measure poverty, including income-based measures and measures of access to basic needs. It provides poverty line figures for the National Capital Region and Philippines from 2006-2008 based on income. Approximately 33% of Filipinos and 27% of families were considered poor in 2006 based on official income poverty lines. The document also examines self-rated poverty measures, deprivation of basic needs like education and health access, and quality of life measures like life expectancy and education test scores to analyze poverty in the Philippines. Inequality in land and asset distribution as well as inflation are discussed as potential causes of poverty.
Mr. d. developed and developing countriesvmorton58
The document discusses levels of economic development and indicators used to measure development. It compares characteristics of developed and developing countries. Developed countries tend to have low population growth, high literacy, long life expectancy, and a primarily tertiary economy. Developing countries face challenges accessing resources and capital needed for development. Factors like location, infrastructure, and political alliances also affect a country's economic activity.
The process of developing a PRS varies greatly because it takes place in different countries, under different kinds of governments and circumstances. In general, though, the process can be thought of in terms of several phases, although certain elements, particularly participatory processes, may run throughout.
The document discusses alternative economic indicators to GDP such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) and the Human Development Index (HDI). The GPI incorporates 51 indicators related to economic, environmental, and social welfare. It accounts for factors like income distribution, pollution, and resource depletion that GDP excludes. While GDP in Alberta increased 400% in 40 years, the GPI grew for two decades then declined, suggesting loss of natural and human capital. Adopting GPI could prompt policies that consider environmental and social costs and encourage sustainable business practices. The HDI measures health, education, and income but does not account for sustainability or distribution within countries.
This document presents information on GDP and the Physical Quality of Life Index as indicators of welfare. It discusses how GDP is used as a welfare indicator but fails to capture many important factors like wealth distribution, non-market transactions, non-monetary and black markets, the type of production, and sustainable growth. The Physical Quality of Life Index is then introduced as an alternate measure using literacy rates, infant mortality, and life expectancy, with the details on how it is calculated provided.
The document discusses several key obstacles to development including:
1) Poor governance in countries can hinder development through issues like corruption, bureaucracy, and lack of accountability. Zimbabwe is provided as an example.
2) Lack of access to capital makes it difficult for businesses in developing countries to grow without means to invest and expand.
3) High disease burdens reduce productivity by making populations too sick to work.
4) Natural hazards like droughts and floods can damage economies and set back development.
5) Protectionism and unfair trade practices in developed countries present obstacles to exports from developing nations.
Many environmental factors influence business operations, including social, economic, cultural, geographical, technological, political, legal, and ecological factors. The most important factors are socio-economic, technological, suppliers, and government. Social factors like culture, values, and social institutions are closely linked to business. Economic factors such as income, resources, infrastructure, employment, and a country's economic performance and system determine the business environment. Cultural factors such as social practices, education, and community norms cannot be disregarded, especially in India. Geography, climate, government policies on location, and seasonal variations affect customer tastes and the labor force. The ruling political party's philosophy substantially influences disputes and business operations. Laws regulate every aspect of business in
This document discusses measuring poverty and inequality. It outlines four criteria for measuring inequality: anonymity, population, relative income, and Dalton principles. It also describes the Lorenz curve and five measures of inequality: range, Kuznets ratio, mean absolute deviation, coefficient of variation, and Gini coefficient. For poverty measurement, it defines the poverty line and discusses headcount ratio, poverty gap ratio, income gap ratio, and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke class measures.
This document discusses various methods used to measure poverty, including absolute and relative poverty. It defines absolute poverty as the minimal requirements for food, clothing, shelter, etc., while relative poverty compares standard of living to the average in a society. Absolute measures discussed include poverty lines for food and non-food costs, as well as the national poverty line. The document also examines the human poverty index and criticisms of poverty lines. Relative poverty is measured using Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficient, which indicate inequality in household income distribution. Other indexes used by the World Bank to measure poverty are also listed.
The Basic Needs Approach is a development theory that attempts to define the minimum resources necessary to meet peoples' basic human needs, such as adequate food, shelter, clothing, water, and access to education and healthcare. It was introduced by the International Labour Organization in 1976 and aims to use development programs and policies to help societies consume enough to rise above the poverty line. However, it has been criticized for not investing in economically productive activities that could help societies become self-sufficient in the long run.
Poverty is defined as a lack of basic human needs like food, water, shelter, and healthcare. It is both a lack of material goods and opportunities. Poverty can be absolute, defined as severe deprivation, or relative based on inequality within a society. Causes of poverty include overpopulation, unequal wealth distribution, and lack of education and employment. Effects include increased health and education problems, homelessness, and higher crime rates. Steps to reduce poverty involve economic reforms like protecting property rights, investing in infrastructure and education, creating jobs and opportunities for self-sufficiency, providing microloans, empowering women, and increasing access to basic needs. Alleviating poverty requires both economic growth and removing constraints on government
This document discusses various demographic indicators and compares statistics between first, second, and third world countries. It defines indicators like fertility rate, mortality rate, population growth rate, migration rate, and discusses metrics for countries like Canada, China, and Pakistan. Fertility rates are declining in developed nations due to economic factors influencing family size. Mortality rates are falling globally due to improved healthcare. Population growth is highest in the third world due to sustained high fertility and declining mortality. Migration is influenced by various push-pull factors. Overall life expectancy and health outcomes are better in the first world compared to other nations.
This document discusses social institutions and defines them as groups that perform social roles like families, governments, and universities. It then discusses the key characteristics and functions of institutions in general. Next, it focuses specifically on the family as a social institution, outlining its defining characteristics, functions, patterns, and roles within Philippine society. Finally, it examines religion as a social institution, describing its characteristics, functions, and elements.
Economic growth measures the value of goods and services produced, but does not account for how wealth is distributed or people's well-being. Economic development aims to measure human welfare more directly by considering factors like poverty, political freedoms, education, health, and standard of living. However, development is a complex, subjective concept that can be defined and measured in different ways. The Human Development Index tries to capture multiple dimensions of welfare, but other aspects may also be relevant for understanding development.
1. The document discusses various barriers that can prevent or restrict economic growth and development in some countries.
2. Some key barriers mentioned include insufficient provision of education and healthcare, political instability and corruption, ineffective tax structures, trade barriers, and overdependence on certain exports which can lead to issues when export prices fluctuate.
3. Overdependence on a small number of exports and falling terms of trade is highlighted as a major barrier faced by several African nations, as it can worsen their current account balances, increase debt burdens, and reduce ability to afford imports.
This document discusses poverty, including its various definitions, types, and measurements. It defines poverty as a lack of basic human needs like food, shelter, and clothing. There are two main types of poverty - absolute and relative. Poverty is commonly measured using indicators like the headcount ratio, poverty gap index, and squared poverty gap index. The document also outlines some characteristics and impacts of poverty like effects on health, hunger, education, housing, and violence. It provides statistics on global poverty and discusses strategies for reducing poverty.
This document discusses social institutions and defines them as structured social groups that govern members' behavior and promote social order and cooperation. It examines the key characteristics and functions of institutions, including simplifying social behavior, providing social roles and relations, coordinating stability, and controlling behavior. The major social institutions discussed are the family, education, religion, economic institutions, and government. For each institution, the document outlines their defining features, roles, and how they socialize groups.
This document discusses measuring poverty and inequality. It outlines four criteria for measuring inequality: anonymity, population, relative income, and Dalton principles. It also describes the Lorenz curve and five measures of inequality: range, Kuznets ratio, mean absolute deviation, coefficient of variation, and Gini coefficient. For poverty measurement, it defines the poverty line and discusses headcount ratio, poverty gap ratio, income gap ratio, and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke class measures.
This document discusses various methods used to measure poverty, including absolute and relative poverty. It defines absolute poverty as the minimal requirements for food, clothing, shelter, etc., while relative poverty compares standard of living to the average in a society. Absolute measures discussed include poverty lines for food and non-food costs, as well as the national poverty line. The document also examines the human poverty index and criticisms of poverty lines. Relative poverty is measured using Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficient, which indicate inequality in household income distribution. Other indexes used by the World Bank to measure poverty are also listed.
The Basic Needs Approach is a development theory that attempts to define the minimum resources necessary to meet peoples' basic human needs, such as adequate food, shelter, clothing, water, and access to education and healthcare. It was introduced by the International Labour Organization in 1976 and aims to use development programs and policies to help societies consume enough to rise above the poverty line. However, it has been criticized for not investing in economically productive activities that could help societies become self-sufficient in the long run.
Poverty is defined as a lack of basic human needs like food, water, shelter, and healthcare. It is both a lack of material goods and opportunities. Poverty can be absolute, defined as severe deprivation, or relative based on inequality within a society. Causes of poverty include overpopulation, unequal wealth distribution, and lack of education and employment. Effects include increased health and education problems, homelessness, and higher crime rates. Steps to reduce poverty involve economic reforms like protecting property rights, investing in infrastructure and education, creating jobs and opportunities for self-sufficiency, providing microloans, empowering women, and increasing access to basic needs. Alleviating poverty requires both economic growth and removing constraints on government
This document discusses various demographic indicators and compares statistics between first, second, and third world countries. It defines indicators like fertility rate, mortality rate, population growth rate, migration rate, and discusses metrics for countries like Canada, China, and Pakistan. Fertility rates are declining in developed nations due to economic factors influencing family size. Mortality rates are falling globally due to improved healthcare. Population growth is highest in the third world due to sustained high fertility and declining mortality. Migration is influenced by various push-pull factors. Overall life expectancy and health outcomes are better in the first world compared to other nations.
This document discusses social institutions and defines them as groups that perform social roles like families, governments, and universities. It then discusses the key characteristics and functions of institutions in general. Next, it focuses specifically on the family as a social institution, outlining its defining characteristics, functions, patterns, and roles within Philippine society. Finally, it examines religion as a social institution, describing its characteristics, functions, and elements.
Economic growth measures the value of goods and services produced, but does not account for how wealth is distributed or people's well-being. Economic development aims to measure human welfare more directly by considering factors like poverty, political freedoms, education, health, and standard of living. However, development is a complex, subjective concept that can be defined and measured in different ways. The Human Development Index tries to capture multiple dimensions of welfare, but other aspects may also be relevant for understanding development.
1. The document discusses various barriers that can prevent or restrict economic growth and development in some countries.
2. Some key barriers mentioned include insufficient provision of education and healthcare, political instability and corruption, ineffective tax structures, trade barriers, and overdependence on certain exports which can lead to issues when export prices fluctuate.
3. Overdependence on a small number of exports and falling terms of trade is highlighted as a major barrier faced by several African nations, as it can worsen their current account balances, increase debt burdens, and reduce ability to afford imports.
This document discusses poverty, including its various definitions, types, and measurements. It defines poverty as a lack of basic human needs like food, shelter, and clothing. There are two main types of poverty - absolute and relative. Poverty is commonly measured using indicators like the headcount ratio, poverty gap index, and squared poverty gap index. The document also outlines some characteristics and impacts of poverty like effects on health, hunger, education, housing, and violence. It provides statistics on global poverty and discusses strategies for reducing poverty.
This document discusses social institutions and defines them as structured social groups that govern members' behavior and promote social order and cooperation. It examines the key characteristics and functions of institutions, including simplifying social behavior, providing social roles and relations, coordinating stability, and controlling behavior. The major social institutions discussed are the family, education, religion, economic institutions, and government. For each institution, the document outlines their defining features, roles, and how they socialize groups.
1. Literasi (celik huruf) antara negara Bangladesh dengan negara
Jerman: 60%/99%
Perbezaan adalah kerana:
1. Taraf hidup yg berbeza antara negara
2. Kadar tukaran wang asing yg tinggi berbanding negara Burma
3. Kadar pengangguran, peluang pekerjaan dan ekonomi yg lebih
stabil.
2.
3. GDP (current US$): $846.8 billion 2011
Population, total: 242.3 million 2011
Indonesia in category developing country also
members of OPEC (ngra pengeksport
minyak).
4. Pengangguran10.3% (2005).
Industri utama. Petroleum dan gas asli.
Tekstil, pakaian dan kasut.
Pelombongan, simen, baja kimia, kayu lapis,
getah, makanan, pelancongan.
Barangan yang dieksport:
Petroleum dan gas, kayu lapis, tekstil,getah.
Kadar literasi: 60%
Mobiliti sosial: