The document discusses Amartya Sen's concept of poverty as severe entitlement failure. It traces the evolution of how poverty has been defined, from income deprivation to basic needs deprivation to an inability to acquire basic needs due to a lack of entitlements. Famines are presented as a failure of entitlements rather than just a lack of food. Different groups have different vulnerabilities due to differences in how they acquire basic needs and different sources of entitlements. Evaluating poverty and deprivation requires looking at availability, accessibility, security and quality of goods and services from an entitlements perspective.

1. Poverty as Severe Entitlement Failure Amartya Sen and the Evolution of the Concept of Poverty Leland R. de la Cruz Director, Development Studies Program

14. The Acquirement Problem SHELTER Labor + Nature + Productive Resources Labor Market Cash Crops/ Commodities Assets Wage Productive resources

15. Poverty as severe basic needs deprivation Poverty as severe entitlements deprivation Poverty as the inability to acquire basic needs

20. Access to Sanitary Facilities (2003, NDHS)

21. Access to Sanitary Facilities (2003, NDHS)

22. Access to Water (2003, NDHS)

23. Health Personnel by Location Source: Dr. Merceditas Santos-Tuano, former Executive Director, Healthdev Institute ~90% ~10% Doctors 62% migrate to other countries ~90% ~10% Dentists ~80% ~20% Nurses ~60% ~30% Midwives Urban Rural

24. Child Delivery Attendants (2003, NDHS)

25. Child Delivery Attendants by Income Quintiles (2003, NDHS)

26. Location of Child Delivery (2003, NDHS)

27. Location of Child Delivery by Income Quintile (2003, NDHS)

28. Source: Dr. Marife Yap, AGSB

29. Problems in Women’s Access to Health Care (2003, NDHS)

30. Problems in Women’s Access to Health Care by Income Quintile (2003, NDHS)

31. Poverty as severe basic needs deprivation Poverty as severe entitlements deprivation

34. Jeffrey Sachs

36. Poverty as Severe Entitlement Failure Amartya Sen and the Evolution of the Concept of Poverty Leland R. de la Cruz Director, Development Studies Program