Marine algae have important biological uses and provide various benefits. They have been used as food and medicines for centuries in many countries. Various species of marine algae are a source of food, and their extracts have numerous applications in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and industry. Many algal species produce bioactive compounds that have antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral and other medicinal properties. Marine algae are considered a potential source for discovery of new pharmaceutical products.
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptxVIRENDRA KUMAR
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. About 25% of the ocean's fish depend on healthy coral reefs. Unfortunately, coral reef ecosystems are severely threatened. Some threats are natural, such as diseases, predators, and storms. Other threats are caused by people, including pollution, sedimentation, unsustainable fishing practices, and climate change, which is raising ocean temperatures and causing ocean acidification. Saving and restoring the world's coral reefs requires a multi-pronged approach that ranges from the local to the global level.
Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues. Normally, coral polyps live in an endosymbiotic relationship with these algae, which are crucial for the health of the coral and the reef. The algae provides up to 90 percent of the coral's energy.
hen water is too warm, corals will expel the algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues causing the coral to turn completely white. This is called coral bleaching. When a coral bleaches, it is not dead. Corals can survive a bleaching event, but they are under more stress and are subject to mortality.
A Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sesuvium Portulacastrumijtsrd
Mangroves are unique group of vascular plants that occur in saline coastal habitats and are known to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Some mangrove plants are used for a wide range of conditions, including bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases. The rise of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is one of the severe problems in healthcare systems of the world, and infectious diseases are the second most serious cause of death worldwide. Therefore, new drugs have to be found in order to combat such diseases and it is essential to find new compounds that have antimicrobial properties. Medicinal-plant extracts, known to produce certain bioactive molecules which react with other organisms in the environment, are known to be less toxic to humans and are environmentally friendly due to the less pollutant released during production. Antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants are being increasingly reported worldwide. Mangroves are biochemically unique and produce a wide array of novel natural products and are considered a rich source of steroids, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. Extracts from the leaves, stems, barks, and roots of mangrove species have shown positive results for antioxidant activity tests. G. Beulah | D. Divya"A Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sesuvium Portulacastrum" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14540.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/14540/a-review-on-the-antimicrobial-activity-of-sesuvium-portulacastrum/g-beulah
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptxVIRENDRA KUMAR
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. About 25% of the ocean's fish depend on healthy coral reefs. Unfortunately, coral reef ecosystems are severely threatened. Some threats are natural, such as diseases, predators, and storms. Other threats are caused by people, including pollution, sedimentation, unsustainable fishing practices, and climate change, which is raising ocean temperatures and causing ocean acidification. Saving and restoring the world's coral reefs requires a multi-pronged approach that ranges from the local to the global level.
Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues. Normally, coral polyps live in an endosymbiotic relationship with these algae, which are crucial for the health of the coral and the reef. The algae provides up to 90 percent of the coral's energy.
hen water is too warm, corals will expel the algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues causing the coral to turn completely white. This is called coral bleaching. When a coral bleaches, it is not dead. Corals can survive a bleaching event, but they are under more stress and are subject to mortality.
A Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sesuvium Portulacastrumijtsrd
Mangroves are unique group of vascular plants that occur in saline coastal habitats and are known to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Some mangrove plants are used for a wide range of conditions, including bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases. The rise of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is one of the severe problems in healthcare systems of the world, and infectious diseases are the second most serious cause of death worldwide. Therefore, new drugs have to be found in order to combat such diseases and it is essential to find new compounds that have antimicrobial properties. Medicinal-plant extracts, known to produce certain bioactive molecules which react with other organisms in the environment, are known to be less toxic to humans and are environmentally friendly due to the less pollutant released during production. Antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants are being increasingly reported worldwide. Mangroves are biochemically unique and produce a wide array of novel natural products and are considered a rich source of steroids, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. Extracts from the leaves, stems, barks, and roots of mangrove species have shown positive results for antioxidant activity tests. G. Beulah | D. Divya"A Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sesuvium Portulacastrum" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14540.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/14540/a-review-on-the-antimicrobial-activity-of-sesuvium-portulacastrum/g-beulah
Biochemical evaluation of antioxidant activity in extracts and polysaccharide...GJESM Publication
In the present study ethanol and water extracts of 15 seaweeds, Dictyota dichotoma var. velutricata,
Dictyota indica, Iyengaria stellata, Padina pavonia, Sargassum swartzii, Sargassum variegatum, Stoechospermum marginatum, Stokeyia indica, Jolyna laminarioides, Caulerpa taxifolia, Halimeda tuna, Ulva fasciata, Ulva lactuca, Solieria robusta, and elanothamnus afaqhusainii, were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by ABTS, superoxide and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The activity was concentration dependent and the variation in antioxidant potential was also observed by different assays in both extracts. Ethanol extract ofD. dichotoma var. velutricata,D. indica and S. marginatum demonstrated highest activity by TAC assay. The antioxidant potential in organic solvent fractions of
seaweeds namely P. pavonia, S. swartzii, S. marginatum andM. afaqhusainii was also determined and chloroform fraction of all the four seaweeds showed highest activity by superoxide assay. Antioxidant activity of extracted fractions of polysaccharides from S. indica, C. taxifolia and D. dichotoma var. velutricata was also evaluated by superoxide method. Polysaccharide fractions of S. indica obtained from HCl (at 70 0C and room temperature) and water extract demonstrated highest activity respectively. All the polysaccharide fractions of C. taxifolia showed excellent activity except CaClF70 °C. Polysaccharide fractions of D. dichotoma var. velutricata also exhibited very good activity.
Antibacterial and antifungal property of extracts derived from the body wall ...Premier Publishers
Sea cucumbers have been known around the world for their medical benefits. In this study, unadulterated doses of crude extracts from body wall and Cuvierian tubules of Pearsonothuria graeffei were investigated for their antibacterial and antifungal potential. Doses of crude body wall methanol extract (MIC, <218.75 /><218.75 /><437.50 />< 0.05) antifungal property against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 compared to Clotrimazole (10 μg/ml ), Fluconazole (25 μg/ml), and Ketoconazole (10 μg/ml).
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus amendment on the yield of a Chlorella sp. s...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A strain of microalgae was isolated from phytoplankton samples collected from the sea coast of Amsheet, North Lebanon. Molecular diagnosis based on ribosomal RNA genes showed it to be most closely related to Chlorella sp. (GenBank accession KC188335.1) with over 90 % nucleotide identity. It was then evaluated whether N and P amendments of seawater fertilized with Guillard’s f/2 medium would improve algal growth and production. Addition of nitrogen (30 ppm) and/or phosphorus (2 ppm) to microalgae grown under laboratory conditions in 3L bioreactors resulted in improved biomass yield (mg dry matter/ L) by approximately 48%, and increased protein yield by approximately 56%, from 19.5% to 30.6% of DM content. Total protein yield/L of culture medium was therefore increased by approximately 83%. Total lipid content and carotenoid levels of the microalgal culture were not affected by the N+P amendement, whereas chlorophyll content was almost doubled. When lower levels of N+P supplementations, 10 and 20 ppm N, were tried, the biomass yield was also improved. The experiment was repeated in 20 L bioreactors in a plastic greenhouse, under normal environmental conditions, with an average temperature of 28°C and a maximum temperature of 36°C. At these relatively high temperatures, the growth rate was slowed down, but N supplementations at 10 and 20 ppm resulted in improved dry matter yield by 25 and 45% respectively, and protein content by 17 and 35%, respectively. Knowledge of the optimal culturing conditions of this local Chlorella strain is essential for its efficient production and is expected to serve future environmental and biotechnological purposes.
Isolation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Seaweeds Amphiroa anceps ag...Ferdinand .S. Lubobi
The biodiversity of ocean living resources provide an ample scope for the extraction of drugs and chemicals for therapeutic purposes. Sea weed Amphiroa anceps, collected from Thondi-Palk Strait region of Tamil Nadu, was studied for antagonistic activity of proteins. Seaweed species were identified based on specula morphology. Ethyl
Acetate extracts yielded a total of 0.9 g, 0.12 g, 0.02 g, 0.14 g and 0.17 g from 1.5 g of sponge respectively. The antagonistic activity of crude extract against bacterial pathogens showed clear inhibition zones against Yersinia sp., Streptococcus sp. and Vibrio sp. The extracted Seaweed strain had Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations against all the three chicken meat associated pathogens, Vibrio sp., Yersinia sp. and Streptococcus sp. and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration against two chicken meat associated pathogens, Vibrio sp. and Yersinia sp.
Hepatoprotective and stress - reducing effects of dietary Moringaoleifera ext...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and stress-reducing effects of Moringaoleifera extract against A. hydrophila infection and transportation- induced stress in Nile tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus fingerlings. Fish were fed diets representing different supplementation levels of Moringaoleifera leaf extract. The graded levels of M. oleifera leaf extract were 0.00g (control), 0.05g, 0.10g, 0.15g, 0.20g, 0.25g per 100g for each diet. After six weeks of the feeding trial, fish previously fed each experimental diet were exposed to pathogenic strain of Aeromonashydrophila at a concentration of 9.3 × 105 CFU /mL. After bath exposure, fish from each dietary treatment was placed into the aquaria culture system. They were fed their respective diets at 5% body weight twice daily, and mortality was monitored for the remaining 4 weeks of the feeding trial. After the feeding trial, fish previously fed each experimental diet were kept in plastic tanks for a 2-hour journey. Blood and liver samples were collected for hepatocellular assessments (Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) tests) and stress biomarkers (survival, cortisol and glucose). Results showed that the increases of the AST, ALT, LDH, MDH, cortisol and glucose induced by stressors were significantly reduced (P< 0.05) by supplementing the fish with M. oleifera leaf extract in the diets. Based on the result of this study, a dose of 0.10g/100g dietary Moringa leaf supplementation was sufficient as a hepatoprotective and stress reducing agent in Nile tilapia, O. niloticus.
Phytochemical screening and proximate composition of the sea grasses Enhalus ...Innspub Net
Knowledge of the chemical composition of seagrass is important both for the assessment of the nutritional value of marine invertebrate or vertebrate herbivores and for the evaluation of potential sources of protein, carbohydrates, and lipids for commercial use or for possible human consumption. While phytochemical screening provides basic information about the medicinal importance of the plant extract and are lead compound for drug discoveries. Proximate composition and phytochemical analyses were determined on the seagrass Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii using standard methods on a dry basis. The result of the proximate composition showed that Enhalus acoroides contained 9.35% crude protein, 0.07% crude lipid, 54.94% carbohydrate contents and 35.64% ash. While Thalassia hemprichii contained 14.98% crude protein, 0.17% crude lipid, 52.87% carbohydrate contents and 31.98% ash. The phytochemicals detected in the methanolic extracts of Enhalus acoroides were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, and steroids. While for Thalassia hemprichii were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, triterpenoids and steroids. The results indicate that seagrass Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii are good potential sources of highly nutritious feed stuff and the different active secondary metabolites along with significant bioactive potential might be helpful for the future pharmaceutical applications.
Measures for prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution in river Ganga and to ensure continuous adequate flow of water so as to rejuvenate the river Ganga.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(5): 222-227
222
Review Article
Biological importance of Marine Algae- An overview
A.Raja*
, C. Vipin and A.Aiyappan
Research Department of Microbiology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),
Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India
*Corresponding author e-mail: rajajmcmicro@yahoo.co.in
A B S T R A C T
Introduction
The world s oceans, covering more than
70% of the earth s surface, represent an
enormous resource for the discovery of
potential therapeutic agents. During the
last decades, numerous novel compounds
have been found from marine organisms
with interesting pharmaceutical activities.
Therefore, marine organisms are believed
to be a potential source to provide not only
novel biologically active substances for
the development of pharmaceuticals.
Several bioactive metabolites produced by
cyanobacteria and marine algae have been
discovered by screening programs. Many
of these chemical compounds are diverse
range of biological activities and chemical
structure which are used by bio
pharmaceutical companies. The medicinal
value of cyanobacteria was monitored as
early as 1500 BC, when Nostoc was used
to treat gout and several form of cancer.
More than 40 different Nostocales has
been reported as producer of 120 different
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 5 (2013) pp. 222-227
http://www.ijcmas.com
Keywords
Seaweeds;
Nostoc
ellipsosporum;
Cyanovirin;
Laminari;
Marine algae;
omega -3 fatty
acids;
Antioxidant.
Marine algae are ecologically important and have been used as food and
medicines for centuries. Various species of marine algae provide not only food
but also produce extracts are used in numerous food, dairy, pharmaceutical,
cosmetic, and industrial applications. Algae can be used to
make Biodiesel, Bioethanol, biobutanol and Hydrogen gases. Naturally growing
seaweeds are an important source of food, especially in Asia. They provide source
of carbohydrate, protein enzymes, fiber, vitamins including:
A,B1, B2, B6, niacin and C, and are rich in iodine, potassium,
iron, magnesium and calcium. Algae culture on a large scale is an important type
of aquaculture in some places for the production of bioactive compounds.
Industrial utilization is at present largely confined to extraction for phycocolloids,
industrial gums classified as agars, and alginates. Alginates are derivatives of
alginic acid extracted from large brown algae such as Laminaria. They are used in
printers' inks, paints, cosmetics, insecticides, and pharmaceutical preparations. In
the USA, alginates are used as stabilizers in ice cream and also as a suspending
agent in milk shakes. In 1995, the estimated value of international seaweed gums
market was $560 million dollars
2. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(5): 222-227
223
metabolites having activity of anti HIV,
antifungal, anticancer, antimalarial and
antimicrobial. Cyanovirin a 101 amino
acid protein extracted from Nostoc
ellipsosporum was found to have potent
activity against all humen
immunodeficiency viruses such as HIV-1
(Burja et al., 2001). Phytoplankton,
seaweeds and symbiotic dinoflagellates
(unicellular, biflagellate organisms) in
corals and sea anemones are marine algae.
Seaweeds are classified as Green algae
(Chlorophyta), Brown algae (Phaeophyta),
Red algae (Rhodophyta) and some
filamentous Blue-green algae
(Cyanobacteria).
Most of the seaweeds are red (6000
species) and the rest known are brown
(2000 species) or green (1200 species).
Seaweeds are used in many maritime
countries as a source of food, for industrial
applications and as a fertilizer. Nori
(Porphyra spp.), a Japanese red seaweed,
is very popular in the Japanese diet, has a
high protein content (25-35% of dry
weight), vitamins (e.g. vitamin C) and
mineral salts, especially iodine.
Microalgae biomass has a chemical
composition which varies depending on
the algae used. It can be rich in proteins or
rich in lipids or have a balanced
composition of lipids, sugars and proteins
(Table 1).
Antioxidant property of marine algae
Antioxidants play an important role in the
later stages of cancer development. There
is increasing evidence that oxidative
processes promote carcinogenesis. Recent
years, several algal species also have been
reported to prevent oxidative damage by
scavenging free radicals and active oxygen
and hence able to prevent the occurrence
of cancer cell formation (Richardson,
1993). Among the most relevant
compounds found in the algae,
antioxidants are probably the substances
that have attracted major interest.
Antioxidants are considered key-
compounds in the fight against various
diseases (e.g. cancer, chronic
inflammation, atherosclerosis and
cardiovascular disorder) and ageing
processes (Kohen and Nyska, 2002).
Polyphenols in marine brown algae are
called phlorotannins and known to act as
potential antioxidants.
Phlorotannins are formed by the
polymerization of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-
trihydroxybenzene) monomer units and
synthesized in the acetate malonate
pathway in marine alga. Furthermore,
sulfated polysaccharides isolated from
marine alga also have been shown to exert
radical scavenging activities in vitro and in
vivo. However, biochemical scientists
have several techniques to extract bio-
active compounds from algal biomass
(Athukorala et al., 2006).
Anticancer activity of marine algae
Marine macroalgae are the most
interesting algae group because of their
broad spectrum of biological activities
such as antimicrobial (Bouhlal et al.,
2010), antiviral (Kim and Karadeniz,
2011), antifungal (De Felício et al., 2010),
anti-allergic (Na et al., 2005),
anticoagulant (Dayong et al., 2008),
anticancer (Kim et al., 2011), antifouling
and antioxidant activities (Devi et al.,
2011). They produce a wide variety of
chemically active metabolites in their
surroundings as an aid to protect
themselves against other settling
organisms (Bhadury and Wright, 2004).
There are numerous reports of macroalgae
derived chemical compounds that have a
3. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(5): 222-227
224
broad range of biological activities, some
of which have been used in
pharmaceutical industries. Many marine
algae produce antibiotic substances
capable of inhibiting bacteria, viruses,
fungi, and other pibionts. It appears that
the antibiotic characteristic is dependent
on many factors, including the particular
alga, the microorganisms, the season, and
the growth conditions (Centeno and
Ballantine, 1999).
Several extractable compounds, such as
cyclic polysulfides and halogenated
compounds are toxic to microorganisms
and therefore responsible for the antibiotic
activity of some marine algae (Ohta,
1979). Studies indicated that released
organic substances from juvenile forms of
the red alga Chondrus crispus had an
inhibitory effect on growth of adjacent
diatoms (Khfaji and Boney, 1979)
Table.1 Chemical Composition of Selected Microalgae Expressed on a % Dry Matter Basis
Strain Protein Carbohydrates Lipids
Scenedesmus obliquus 50 - 55 10 - 15 12 14
Scenedesmus quadricauda 40 12 1.9
Scenedesmus dimorphus 8 18 21 - 52 16 40
Chlamydomonas rheinhardii 48 17 21
Chlorella vulgaris 51 - 58 12 - 17 14 22
Chlorella pyrenoidosa 57 26 2
Spirogyra sp. 6 20 33 - 64 11 21
Dunaliella bioculata 49 4 8
Dunaliella salina 57 32 6
Euglena gracilis 39 61 14 - 18 14 20
Prymnesium parvum 28 - 45 25 33 22 - 38
Tetraselmis maculata 52 15 3
Porphyridium cruentum 28 - 39 40 - 57 9 14
Spirulina platensis 46 63 8 14 4 -9
Spirulina maxima 60 - 71 13 - 16 6 - 7
Synechoccus sp. 63 15 11
Anabaena cylindrical 43 56 25 30 4 7
Antiviral properties of marine algae
Considering the complications of this
virus, some synthetic antiviral compounds
were developed for treatment of active
herpetic infections, but they are not
effective for the treatment of latent
infections (Naesens and De Clercq, 2001).
On the other hand, the severe side effects
and development of some resistant
mutations of this virus, especially during
long term medication with antiviral drugs,
were reported (Malvey et al., 2005). In
many studies looking for novel antiviral
agents, some plants and algae extracts
were tested on different viruses including
the herpes viruses (Serkedjieva, 2004). In
some of these experiments different
species of brown algae were tested for
their antiviral activity. Extracts from
several species of marine algae collected
from the coast of California were reported
by Deig and co-workers to possess
antiviral properties (Ehresmann, 1977).
4. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(5): 222-227
225
Algal metabolites in food and cosmetics
The oils from some algae have high levels
of unsaturated fatty acids. For example,
Parietochloris incisa is very high in
arachidonic acid, where it reaches up to
47% of the triglyceride pool. Some
varieties of algae favored by vegetarianism
and veganism contain the long-chain,
essential omega-3 fatty acids,
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The natural
pigments produced by algae can be used as
an alternative to chemical dyes and
coloring agents (Bigogno et al., 2002).
Marine algae have been consumed in Asia
since ancient times, but to a much lesser
extent in the rest of the world. In recent
years, many marine resources have
attracted attention in the search for
bioactive compounds to develop new
drugs and health foods. Edible algae are a
rich source of dietary fiber, minerals, and
proteins (Kuda et al., 2002). Marine algae
are now being considered to be a rich
source of antioxidants (Nagai and
Yukimoto, 2003). Some active antioxidant
compounds from brown algae were
identified as phylopheophytin in Eisenia
bicyclis (arame) (Cahyana et al., 1992)
and fucoxantinein Hijikia fusiformis
(hijiki) (Yan et al., 1999).
However, usually, these algae are boiled
and/or steamed, dried and stored in
process. (Jime´nez-Escri et al., 2001)
reported that the radical scavenging
activity of a brown alga Fucus was
decreased by 98% after drying at 50o
C for
48 h. Furthermore, these dried products
are soaked with 20 40 time volumes of
water before being consumed. Agars,
extracted from red seaweeds such
as Gracilaria , are used in the food
industry and in laboratory media culture.
Carrageenans, extracted from red
seaweeds such as Chondrus,
Gymnogongrus, and Eucheuma among
others, are used to provide particular gel
qualities.
This review has highlighted the potential
of Marine algae compounds based on the
number of previous studies. With an
increasing number of bacteria and fungi
metabolites the marine algae hold great
promise for novel medicine and industrial
application and also found to be rich
source of structurally novel and
biologically active metabolites.
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