The document discusses various industries and their locations. It describes how industries can be classified based on raw materials used, size, ownership and provides examples. Key industries mentioned include cotton textile industry with important centers in India like Ahmedabad, Coimbatore and steel industry with major players like Tata Steel and regions like Pittsburgh. The IT industry hubs of Silicon Valley and Bengaluru are also noted.

2. GEOGRAPHY
INDUSTRIES
Presentation by S Venkatakrishnan

3. Quote of the day
"If you have genius,
industry will improve it; if
you have none, industry
will supply its place."
- Sir Joshua Reynolds

4. Introduction
We wear clothes daily . Can we trace the journey of the clothes from
a cotton field till our wardrobe ?
Yes . Cotton is separated from cotton bolls and is taken to the
cotton industry through transport . Then in the cotton industry it
goes under various processes like ginning , spinning , weaving ,
dyeing , printing etc. . Then it finally reaches our wardrobe .

5. Manufacturing
• Manufacturing also known as Secondary activities change raw
materials into useful products .
• We know wood pulp is made into paper and paper made into a
notebook .
• These represent the stages of manufacturing .
• The finished products have more value than raw materials .

6. Industry
An economic activity concerned with production of goods ,
extraction of minerals , etc..

7. Classifications of Industry
Industries can be classified based on raw materials
• Mineral based
• Forest based
• Marine based
• Agro based

8. Classifications of Industry
Raw materials used for
• Mineral based – mineral ores
• Forest based – forest produce
• Marine based – products from seas and oceans
• Agro based – plant and animal based products

9. Classifications of Industry
Examples for
Industries
• Mineral based - Extracting iron from iron ore etc.
• Forest based - making paper , furniture , etc.
• Marine based – which process sea food , make fish oils , etc.
• Agro based - which process food , vegetable oil , cotton
textiles,dairy products , etc.

10. Classifications of Industry
 Industries can be classified based on size
 Here , size refers to amount of capital invested , number of people
working and volume of production .
 Capital is a large sum of money which you use to start a business,
or which you invest in order to make more money.
 It can be classified into small scale and large scale industries .

11. Houshold industry
 House hold industry also known as cottage industry comes under
small scale industries .
 The products are usually manufactured by hand by artisans .
 Examples can be basket weaving , pottery and other handicrafts .

12. Differentiation

13. Classifications of Industry
 Industries can be classified based on ownership .
 They are private sector , state owned or public sector , joint sector
and cooperative sector .
 Private sector industries are owned by individuals or group of
them.
 Public sectors industries are owned by government . Eg :
hindustan Aeronautics Limited .

14. Classifications of Industry
 Joint sector industries are owned by the state or a big group of
individuals . Eg : Maruti Udyog Limited
 Co-operative sector industries are owned and operated by the
producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. Anand
Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy are a success stories of a co-
operative venture.

15. Factors affecting location of industries

16.  Industries are located where all these factors are available .
 Sometimes the government helps so that industries may also be
located in backward areas .
 Subsidised power - The energy which is cheaper than market
price given by the government .
 Industrialisation leads to growth of cities .

17. Industrial System
 It consits of input , processes and output .
 Can you name some inputs of industries in general ?

18. Industrial System
 It consist of input , processes and output .
 The inputs can be cost of land , raw materials , labour ,transport ,
power , etc..
 And output can be the finished product.
 Similarly try to name the inputs and processes that are involved in
a cotton shirt and a leather shoe .

19. Industrial Regions

20. Industrial Regions
• Major industrial regions of the world are eastern North America,
western and central Europe, eastern Europe and eastern Asia Major
industrial regions tend to be located in the temperate areas, near
sea ports and especially near coal fields.

21. Destroyed in seconds
• An industrial disaster happened in Bhopal 3 December 1984 around
00 30 hrs .
• Methyl isocynate and hydrogen cyanide leaked from the pesticide
factory
• Thousands, who survived still suffer from one or many ailments like
blindness, impaired immune system , etc..
• In another incident, on 23 December 2005, due to gas well blowout
in Gao Qiao, Chongging, China, 243 people died, 9,000 were injured
and 64,000 were evacuated.

22. Major Industries
• Major industries include the iron and steel industry , textile
industry(older industries ) and IT Industries (emerging industries).
• Emerging industries are also known as sunrise industries.

23. Major Industries
Iron and steel industry Germany , USA , China , Japan and
Russia
Textile Industry India , Hong Kong, Japan , Taiwan and
South Korea
IT Industry Bangalore , Central California

24. Iron and Steel Industries
• A feeder industry whose products are used as raw materials by
others .
• Can you guess the inputs and output for these industry ?

25. Iron and Steel Industries
• The inputs of these factories are Iron ore , coal and limestone along
with labour ,capital, etc..
• The output of these is STEEL .
• Steel is an alloy .
• The processes involve raw materials smelting in the blast furnace
,followed by refining .
• SMELTING – Extracting metal from ore by heating beyond melting
point .

26. Steel
Properties :
It is tough
It can be easily shaped and cut .
Special Alloys of steel can be made by adding some amount of metals
to it .
Important steel producing areas in India – Bhiai ,Durgapur ,
Jamshedpur , Burnpur , Bokaro and Rourkela .
Steel is also called the backbone of modern industry.
Can you guess why ?

27. Steel
 Steel is used for many purposes
 Almost everything we see is made of iron or steel or made with
machinery made of steel.
 Large ships, Trucks , autos , etc. are made of steel.
 The safety pins and needles are made of steel .
 Oil wells are drilled using steel machinery
 Steel pipelines transport oil.
 Minerals are mined with steel equipment.
 Farm machines are mostly steel.
 Large buildings have steel framework.

28. TISCO
 Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited
 Only iron and steel plant before 1947 .
 Started at Sakchi (Jamshedpur) in 1907 .
 It was near Subharnareka and Kharkai .
 Jamshedpur is the most conveniently situated iron and steel centre
in India .
Why do you think so ?

29. TISCO
Because of the following reasons :
 It was only 32 km from Kalimati railway station.
 Close to iron ore , coal and manganese deposits .
 A large market in Kolkata (which is near) .
 They get:
Coal Jharia Coalfields
Iron ore , limestone Dolomite and Odisha and Chattisgarh
Manganese
 Sufficient water from the nearby rivers .

30. Pittsburg
 An important steel city of the USA .
 Here coal is available locally , iron ore from Minnesota (1500 km
away).
 Between Minnesota and Pittsburgh is one of the world’s best routes
for shipping ore cheaply – the famous Great Lakes waterway.
 Great lakes include Superior ,Huron, Ontario, Michigan and Erie.
 Superior is the largest .
 Trains carry it to Pittsburg .

31. Pittsburg
 They get water from the rivers nearby- Ohio , Monogahela , etc.
 The Pittsburgh area has many factories other than steel mills.
 It also makes railroad equipment, heavy machinery and rails using
steel .

32. Textile industry
 Fibres are the raw material of textile industry .
 Fibres can be natural or man-made.
 Natural fibres are obtained from wool, silk, cotton, linen and jute.
Man made fibres include nylon, polyester, acrylic and rayon.
 Textile industries are one of the oldest industries .

33. Cotton Textile industry
 Till the 18th century cotton cloths were made using wheels and
handlooms .
 In 18th century powerlooms were used to make cotton cloth .
 Power looms started in Britain .
 Today India , China , Japan and USA are the important producers
of cotton textiles .
• Power loom

34. Cotton Textile industry

35. Competition from the West
• Before British rule , Indian hand spun textiles had a wide market.
• Eg: Muslins of Dhaka , Chintzes of Masulipatnam , Calico of
Calicut were known worldwide for quality and design .
• But production by hand was expensive and time consuming .
• Hence , traditional textile industry could not face competition from
the mills of West , which produced cheap and quality
fabrics through mechanized industry .

36. • First mechanized textile mill- Fort Gloster in 1818 but closed after
some time .
• First successful mechanized textile mill- Mumbai in 1854
• Textile – Texere in Latin meaning to weave .
• Initially Maharashtra and Gujarat flourished in textiles .
• Coimbatore, Kanpur, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Kolkata,
Ludhiana, Puducherry and Panipat are some of the other important
centres.

37. Do you know ?
About one-third of the Indian textile
industry’s total production is
exported.

38. Ahamedabad
• Located on banks of Sabarmati.
• First mill in 1859.
• It became the second largest textile city of India, after Mumbai.
• It is referred as "Manchester of India ".
Do you know which place is the "Manchester of Tamilnadu" ?

39. • Manchester of Tamil Nadu and South India is Coimbatore .
• Ahmedabad is situated very close to cotton growing area.
• Climate ideal for spinning and weaving .
• Flat terrain , plenty of land helps in establishment of mills .
• Gujarat and Maharashtra near to it is densely populated . Hence it
provides good labour .

40. • Well developed road and railway network .
• Mumbai port nearby facilitates import of machinery and export of
cotton textiles.
• Several industries have been closed now .
• This is primarily due to the emergence of new textile centres in the
country as well as nonupgradation of machines and technology in
the mills of Ahmedabad.

41. Osaka
 Manchester of Japan.
 Land was easily available .
 Warm and humid climate suitable for Spinning and weaving .
 River Yodo provides enough water.
 Osaka completely depends on imported cotton from , Egypt , India ,
China and USA .

42. Osaka
The finished products are mostly exported , and has a good market due
to good quality and low cost .
Of late, the cotton textile industry of Osaka has been replaced by other
industries.

43. IT Industry
 It deals in the storage, processing and distribution of information.
 Major hubs of IT industries : Silicon Valley, California and Bengaluru,
India.
 Bengaluru is also known as the Silicon Plateau .
 Other emerging IT Hubs in India : Mumbai , New Delhi, Hyderabad
and Chennai. Other cities such as Gurgaon, Pune,
Thiruvanthapuram, Kochi and Chandigarh are also important centres
of the IT industry.

44. IT Industry
 It deals in the storage, processing and distribution of information.
 Major hubs of IT industries : Silicon Valley, California and Bengaluru,
India.
 Bengaluru is also known as the Silicon Plateau .
 Other emerging IT Hubs in India : Mumbai , New Delhi, Hyderabad
and Chennai. Other cities such as Gurgaon, Pune,
Thiruvanthapuram, Kochi and Chandigarh are also important centres
of the IT industry.

45. IT Industry