.A power point presentation on the class 10 social science (geography)lesson"MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES".It is about the manufacturing industries in India and the position of India in each section in manufacturing industries.

1. Manufacturing
industries…
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2. What is Manufacturing?
• Manufacturing or manufacturing
process are the steps through which raw
materials are transformed into a final
product. The manufacturing process
begins with the creation of the materials
from which the design is made. These
materials are then modified through
manufacturing processes to become the
required part.
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3. Importance of
manufacturIng
• i. Manufacturing industries help in
modernising agriculture, which
forms the backbone of our economy.
ii. Manufacturing industries also
reduce the heavy dependence of
people on agricultural income by
providing them jobs in secondary
and tertiary sectors.
iii. Industrial development is a
precondition for eradication of
unemployment and poverty from our
country.
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4. • iv. It brings down regional disparities by
establishing industries in tribal and backward
areas.
v. Export of manufactured goods expands trade
and commerce, and brings in much needed
foreign exchange.
vi. Countries that transform their raw materials
into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher
value are prosperous.
vii. Industry sector contributes 27 % of GDP out
of it manufacturing accounts for 17 %.
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5. (i) Over the last two decades, the share
of manufacturing sector has stagnated
to 17 per cent of the GDP, which is
required to be increased.
(ii) The trend of growth rate in
manufacturing over the last decade is
around 7 per cent per annum, whereas
the desired growth rate is 12 per cent.
(iii) Since 2003, manufacturing is once
again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 per
cent per annum.
(iv) With proper policies of the
government and efforts by the industry
to improve productivity, economists
predict that manufacturing can achieve
its target over the next decade.
The National Manufacturing
Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has
been set up with this objective.
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6. Industrial Location
• Industrial Location
• Some of the factors which affect the industrial location are as
follows:
• Availability of raw materials
• Availability of labour
• Availability of capital
• Availability of power
• Availability of market
• Infrastructure
• Sometimes, industries are located in or near cities. Cities
provide markets and also provide services like banking,
insurance, transport, labour, consultants, etc. Many industries
tend to come together to make use of the advantages of an urban
centre. Such centre is then called as agglomeration economy.
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7. Industry-Market Linkage Ideal location of an Industy
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8. Classification of Industries
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9. Agro-Based Industries
• Agro Based
Industries. Cotton, jute,
silk and woollen textiles,
sugarcane and vegetable
oil industries are
based on agricultural
raw materials. This
industry is very
significant in India
because of the following
reasons. Provides
employment for 35
million people.( second
largest after agriculture).
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10. Textile Industry
• The textile industry in India traditionally,
after agriculture, is the only industry that has
generated huge employment for both skilled and
unskilled labour in textiles. The textile industry
continues to be the second largest employment
generating sector in India. It offers direct
employment to over 35 million in the country.[1]
• India is first in global jute production and shares
63% of global textile and garment market. India is
2nd in global textile manufacturing and also 2nd
in silk and cotton production
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11. Cotton textiles
• Cotton Textile Industry. Since olden days cotton,
wool, silk, jute, flax have been used for making cloth.
Fiber or yarn is the raw material used in textile
industries.
• In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with
hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques.
After the 18th
Century, power-looms came into the
use. Our traditional industries suffered a stback
during the colonial period because they could not
complete with the mill-made cloth from England.
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12. Share of Production and Industries by
different states in India:
There are at present 1,719
textile mills in the country, out of
which 188 mills are in public
sector, 147 in cooperative sector
and 1,384 in private sector.
About three-fourths were
spinning mills and the remaining
one-fourth composite mills.
Apart from the mill sector, there
are several thousand small
factories comprising 5 to 10
looms.
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State/Union
Territory
Production in
Sq Mtr
Percentage of
all India
production
1.Maharashtra 3,82,257 39.38
2.Gujarat 3,21,775 33.14
3.Tamil Nadu 64544 6.69
4.Punjab 55,784 5.75
5. Madhya
Pradesh
47305 4.87
6.Uttar Pradesh 32386 334
7.Rajasthan 28384 2.92
8.Pondicherry 24357 2.51
9.Karnataka 7,222 0.74
10.Kerala 6342 0.66
Total 9,70,756 100.00

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14. Why is it important for us to improve
our weaving sector instead of
exporting yarn in large quantities?
Although, we have made significant increase in the
production of good quality long staple cotton (9322
lakh bales in 2004-05) the need to import is still felt.
Power supply is erratic and machinery needs to be
upgraded in the weaving and processing sectors in
particular. Other problems are the low input of labor
and stiff competition with the synthetic fiber industry.
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15. Jute Textiles
INDIA is the largest producer of raw jute and jute. And
takes the second place as an exporter after Bangladesh
There are about 70 jute mills in India
But most of them are Concentrated in places like West
Bengal that to mainly in Hugli Basin, in a narrow belt
(98 km long and 3 km wide).
The jute industry supports about 2.61 lakh workers
directly and 40 lakh small and marginal farmers who are
engaged in cultivation in Jute and Mesta.
But they face a variety of problems like Competition from
International market from countries like Bangladesh,
Thailand, Brazil, Philippines and Brazil.

16. National Jute Policy
Government announces National Jute
Policy 2005. In a bid to provide the much
needed thrust to the jute sector, the UPA
government announced the National Jute
Policy 2005 of India. The National
Common Minimum Programme (NCMP)
of the Government, recognizing the
importance of jute to farmers and
workers, and to the economy of jute
growing states, and its special ecological
importance world-wide, resolved that "the
jute industry will receive a fresh impetus
in all respects".
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17. 17
Sugar Industry
After Brazil, India is the largest sugar producer in
the world and it leads in sugarcane production.
However, if alternative sweeteners such as
khandsari (sort of raw sugar) and gur (jaggery) are
included in the fold, then India would be the largest
overall producer of sugar. Brazil accounts for
approximately 22 percent of the global sugar
production and India contributes almost 14 percent.
There are about 460 sugar mills which m are widely
spread in areas like UP(60%), Bihar, Karnataka,
Tamil nadu, AP, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and MP.

18. Mineral Based
Industries. This
industry is the basic
industry since all the
other industries
depend on it for their
machinery. This
industry used heavy
and bulky raw
materials like iron ore,
coking coal, limestone
and manganese.
Finished product is
also bulky and heavy.
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19. Iron and Steel Industry
Manufacturing industries that use minerals as raw
material are called mineral-based industries. The iron and
steel industry is the basic industry on which all other
industries depend. The production and per capita
consumption of steel is a measure of a country’s economic
development.
The main raw materials used in the iron and steel industry
are iron ore, coal and limestone. The raw materials and
finished products of iron and steel industries are quite
bulky, these industries must be located near the mining
areas of the required minerals and must be connected by a
good transport network.
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20. India is the ninth largest producer of crude steel and the
largest producer of sponge iron in the world. India is also a
leading exporter of steel in the world.
China has become the world’s largest producer and
consumer of steel, leaving India far behind. Most steel
manufacturing industries are located in the Chhota
Nagpur Plateau region because of the availability of
inexpensive, high-grade raw material and abundant cheap
labor. The main challenges faced by the industry in
realizing its full potential are limited supply of expensive
coking coal, erratic power supply, low output of labor and
poor infrastructure. The future of India’s iron and steel
industry is bright due to India’s liberalization policy and
foreign direct investment in the industry.
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21. Steel Authority of India Limited..
• Steel Authority of India Limited is
one of the largest state-owned steel
making company based in New
Delhi, India and one of the top
steel makers in world. With an
annual turnover of 43,337 crore.
• Headquarters is located in New
Delhi.
• CEO is Prakash Kumar Singh
• It is founded at January 19, 1954.
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22. Aluminium Smelting
• Aluminium smelting is the process of
extracting aluminium from its oxide, alumina,
generally by the Hall-Héroult process. Alumina
is extracted from the ore bauxite by means of the
Bayer process at an alumina refinery.
• Aluminium Smelting plants in the country are
located in Odisha, WB, Kerala, UP, Chhatisgarh,
Maharashtra and Tamil nadu. In 2008-09 India
produced over 15.29 lakh million tonnes of
aluminium.
• Bauxite, a raw material used in the smelters is a
very bulky, dark reddish colored, rock.
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23. CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES OF INDIA
The Chemical industry in India is fast growing and diversifying. It
contributes approximately 3 per cent of the GDP. It is the third largest
in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world in term of its size. It
comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units.
 Fertiliser Industry: The fertiliser industry is centred around the
production of nitrogenous fertilisers (mainly urea), phosphatic
fertilisers and ammonium phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilisers
which have a combination of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and
potash (K)
 Cement Industry: Cement is essential for construction activity
such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams
and for other commercial establishments. This industry requires
bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and
gypsum. Coal and electric power are needed apart from rail
transportation.

24. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY OF INDIA
Automobiles provide vehicle for quick transport
of good services and passengers. Trucks, buses,
cars, motor cycles, scooters, three-wheelers and
multi-utility vehicles are manufactured in India
at various centres.
Information Technology and Electronics Industry
The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from
transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom,
pagers, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many
other equipments required by the telecommunication
industry. Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of
India. Other important centres for electronic goods are
Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow
and Coimbatore.

25. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
Although industries contribute significantly to India’s economic
growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air,
noise and resulting degradation of environment that they have caused,
cannot be overlooked. Industries are responsible for four types of
pollution:-
 Air: Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of
undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
 Water: Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic
industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers.
 Land: Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon
production facilities cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages.
Soil and water pollution are closely related.
 Noise: Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it
can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood
pressure among other physiological effects.

26. CONTROL OVER ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes
eight times the quantity of freshwater. Some suggestions are-
 Minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling
it in two or more successive stages
 Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements
 Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in
rivers and ponds.
Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases
 Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves
screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
 Secondary treatment by biological process
 Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical
processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.

27. Thank You
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