This document discusses the relationship between humans and the natural environment. It defines the environment as including both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that affect human life. The natural environment consists of naturally occurring landforms, climate, soils, and minerals, while the cultural environment includes human settlements, infrastructure, and other manmade additions. The document then examines interactions within ecosystems between biotic and abiotic factors, different types of ecosystems, energy and nutrient flows, and the importance of maintaining environmental balance.

1. MAN AND NATURALMAN AND NATURAL
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Environment means the surrounding
conditions that effects the lifestyle of
living things.
It includes biotic and abiotic components.
Our surroundings includes natural and
manmade things.
Human life gets affected by the
environment and hence we find
differences in the human life of different
regions.

3. Natural environmentNatural environment
All components which come
into existence naturally are
included in natural environment.
The landforms on the earth, the
climate, soils, minerals, sunlight
etc are components of our
natural environment.

4. NATURAL ENVIRONMENTNATURAL ENVIRONMENT

5. CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
In order to enrich his life man
has used many natural resources
and in this process he has
brought many changes in natural
environment. Human
settlements, roads, buildings,
dams etc have developed through
this.

6. MANMADE THINGSMANMADE THINGS

7. Interactions in environmentInteractions in environment
THERE ARE MANY INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
BIOTIC [LIVING] AND ABIOTIC [NON LIVING]
COMPONENTS.
ALL THE BIOTIC COMPONENTS DEPEND ON
EACH OTHER.WE BREATHE AIR THAT MEANS
THERE IS AN INTERACTION BETWEEN
US[LIVING] AND THE AIR [NON LIVING]
PLANTS MAKE PRODUCE THEIR FOOD USING
SOLAR ENERGY.THAT MEANS THERE IS AN
INTERACTION BETWEEN ABIOTIC AND
BIOTIC COMPONENTS.

8. PLANT DURING PHOTOSYNTHESISPLANT DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS

9. ECOLOGYECOLOGY
A BRANCH OF BIO-SCIENCES THAT
STUDIES THE
INTERDEPENDENCE,INTERRELATIONSAND
INTERACTIONS OD BIO-COMMUNITY
WITH ITS ENVIRONMENT.
THE CHANGES OCCURING IN THE
ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR EFFECTS ON
THE LIVING WORLD ALSO FORM AN
IMPORTANT OF THE SUBJECT MATTER OF
ECOLOGY.

10. ECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEM
A closely related group bio-community and the
surrounding environment. On which the life of
the community depends together form an eco-
system together form an eco-system.
All the natural regions wherein interactions takes
place between abiotic and biotic components are
callecd ec o
EG: ACQUATIC ECOSYSTEM,FOREST
ECOSYSTEM,LAKE ECOSYSTEM,MEADOW
ECOSYSTEM.

11. ACQUATIC,FOREST,LAKE.,ACQUATIC,FOREST,LAKE.,
MEADOW ECOSYSTEMMEADOW ECOSYSTEM

12. AUTOTROPH HETEROTROPHAUTOTROPH HETEROTROPH
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS BIOTIC COMPONENTS
A
T SUN
M
O WATER
S
P CARBON-DI-
OXIDE
H
E LAND/SOIL
R
E
 PRIMARY
CONSUMERS
Producer Secondary
consumers
Tertiary
consumers
Decomposer

13. ◦ THE BIOTIC COMPONENTS IN
AN ECOSYSTEM IS CLASSIFIED
AS PRODUCERS,CONSUMERS
AND DECOMPOSERS.THE
CONSUMERS ARE FURTHER
DIVIDED INTO
PRIMARY,SECONDARY AND
TERTIARY CONSUMERS

14. FUNTION OF AN ECOSYSTEMFUNTION OF AN ECOSYSTEM
The sun is the main source of energy
Green plants produce food with the help
of solar energy trough the process of
photosynthesis. Hence they are called
PRODUCERS.
 Plants utilize their own food and they
produce their own growth.
The rest they store in the form of energy
plants are used by herbivorous animals as
food.

15. GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMGRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM

16. PRIMARY CONSUMER..
The plants are the producers whereas the
hair that uses only green plants as its food is
called primary consumer…
SECONDARY CONSUMER…
The hare becomes food for a snake hence
carnivores animals like snakes are called
secondary consumers…
TERTIARY CONSUMERS…..
The snake becomes food for an eagle hence
eagle is called tertiary consumer. Eagle is in
highest consumer in the food chain……..

17. The energy in the form of food
enters the body of carnivorous
and omnivorous and is used for
their physiological functions.
This is how the energy cycle
work
Herbivorous become food of
carnivorous and omnivorous like
man.

18. Worms ,Fungi, Insect Etc
Decomposer .The Remain Of Dead
Animals And Plants.
Hence they convert organic matter
into organic matter.
The matter get mixed in soil............

19. DECOMPOSERSDECOMPOSERS

20. ENERGY TRANSFERENERGY TRANSFER
WITH THE HELP OF SOLAR ENERGY;
PLANTS PRODUCE FOOD.
FOOD IS ENERGY.
THIS ENERGY GETS TRANSFERRED TO
PRIMARY, SECONDARYAND TERTIARY
CONSUMERS TO DECOMPOSERS.THIS
COMPLETESTHE ENERGY CYCLE.
THE SEQUENTIAL TRANSFER OF
ENERGY IN THE FORM OF FOODIS
CALLED FOOD CHAIN.
LEVELS OF FOOD TRANSFER ARE
CALLED FOOD CHAIN.

21. FOOD WEBFOOD WEB
A CONSUMER CAN OBTAIN HIS
FOOD IN DIFFERENT WAYS.
AS A RESULT,MULTIPLE FOOD
CHAINS COME INTO EXISTENCE
IN AN ECOSYSTEM.
DIFFERENT FOOD CHAINS GET
CONNECTED TO FOOD WEB.

22. SOIL FOOD WEBSOIL FOOD WEB

23. FOOD PYRAMIDFOOD PYRAMID
SOME OF THE ENERGY GETS LOST AT
EACH LEVEL. DUE TO THIS WHILE
MOVING FROM PRODUCERS TO LOSS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
CONSUMERS,THERE IS A DECREASE IN
ENERGY.
IF ONE ATTEMTS DIAGRAMMATIC
REPRESENTATION OF THIS PROCESS
THIS DIAGRAM APPEARS LIKE A
PYRAMID.THIS IS CALLED FOOD CHAIN.

24. FOOD PYRAMIDFOOD PYRAMID

25. ENVIRONMENTAL BALANCEENVIRONMENTAL BALANCE
IF THE NUMBER OF BIOMASS AND
ORGANISM IS IN PROPER PROPORTION AT
DIFFERENT TROPHIC LEVELS,THE
ENVIRONMENT OF THAT REGION IS SAID
TO BE BALANCED.
MAN HAS CLEARED THOUSAND HECTARES
OF FOREST LANDS FOR HIS DEVELOPMENT
AS A RESULT THE ENVIRONMENTAL
BALANCE IS SAID TO BE DISTURBED.
MAN IS INTELLIGENT THAN OTHER
ORGANISM.THEREFORE IT IS HIS DUTY TO
PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT

26. MAN CUTTING TREESMAN CUTTING TREES