This document discusses social interaction and sociology. It defines key concepts in sociology like status, role, socialization, and types of social interaction. It also discusses how sociology relates to other social sciences like anthropology, political science, economics, psychology, and history. Sociology studies patterns of social behavior and relationships, while drawing concepts from other disciplines like cultural patterns from anthropology and studying political and economic organizations.
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Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of their respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
A discussion about the early history of functionalism and its proponents as well as the concept of structuralism and Merton's concept of Manifest and Latent Functions and Dysfunctions in social elements
INTRODUCTION, Definitions, Origin, Causes, Characteristics, IMPACTS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION, FORMS OF STRATIFICATION, Health Sector, Education, Bounds Individual Actions, Specification of Social Roles, Societal laws, Whom Will Live Or Die, The Slavery System, The Estate System, The Caste System, The Class System, Structural-Functionalist Perspectives, Social-Conflict Perspectives, Multidimensional Perspectives, SOCIAL MOBILITY, Horizontal mobility, VERTICAL MOBILITY, Intragenerational mobility, Intergenerational mobility, Structural mobility, Positional mobility
Impact of culture on social behaviour
Social behaviour varies dramatically across human populations and throughout history. This applies to many of the domains that psychologically oriented researchers typically consider, including cooperation, trust, fairness, in-group favouritism/ cheating, costly punishment, aggressiveness, morality, and competitiveness.
In this presentation Social Groups and different type of Social Groups has been described. It contains Primary group, Secondary group, In group, Out group, Formal group, Informal group, Transitory group, Recurrent group. All groups has been described with examples.
The basic sociological concepts and its relevance to health and nursing:
• Definition of Social science/Sociology- pg 2 in Pretoruis & pg 3 in Du Toit
• Sociologist- pg 8 in Pretoruis
• Anthropology- pg 7 in Du Toit
• Definition of a Social perspective- pg 10 in Du Toit
• Sociological imagination- pg 9 in Du Toit.
• Medical sociology.
• Definition of Social interaction- pg 80 in Du Toit
• Society- definition in Reader, characteristics,
• Community- definition in Reader, characteristics,
• Urban and rural communities (interaction and differences)
• Social structures (Status: ascribed, achieved, master; Position and role: role set, role strain, role conflict)- pg 85 in Du Toit
• Social groups- pg 125 in Du Toit
• The family: functions pf 172, transformation, alternative forms,
• Social institutions - pg 189 in Du Toit
• Social stratification- pg 103 in Du Toit
• Social relationships (Primary & Secondary relationship characteristics) - pg 96-98 in Du Toit
A discussion about the early history of functionalism and its proponents as well as the concept of structuralism and Merton's concept of Manifest and Latent Functions and Dysfunctions in social elements
INTRODUCTION, Definitions, Origin, Causes, Characteristics, IMPACTS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION, FORMS OF STRATIFICATION, Health Sector, Education, Bounds Individual Actions, Specification of Social Roles, Societal laws, Whom Will Live Or Die, The Slavery System, The Estate System, The Caste System, The Class System, Structural-Functionalist Perspectives, Social-Conflict Perspectives, Multidimensional Perspectives, SOCIAL MOBILITY, Horizontal mobility, VERTICAL MOBILITY, Intragenerational mobility, Intergenerational mobility, Structural mobility, Positional mobility
Impact of culture on social behaviour
Social behaviour varies dramatically across human populations and throughout history. This applies to many of the domains that psychologically oriented researchers typically consider, including cooperation, trust, fairness, in-group favouritism/ cheating, costly punishment, aggressiveness, morality, and competitiveness.
In this presentation Social Groups and different type of Social Groups has been described. It contains Primary group, Secondary group, In group, Out group, Formal group, Informal group, Transitory group, Recurrent group. All groups has been described with examples.
The basic sociological concepts and its relevance to health and nursing:
• Definition of Social science/Sociology- pg 2 in Pretoruis & pg 3 in Du Toit
• Sociologist- pg 8 in Pretoruis
• Anthropology- pg 7 in Du Toit
• Definition of a Social perspective- pg 10 in Du Toit
• Sociological imagination- pg 9 in Du Toit.
• Medical sociology.
• Definition of Social interaction- pg 80 in Du Toit
• Society- definition in Reader, characteristics,
• Community- definition in Reader, characteristics,
• Urban and rural communities (interaction and differences)
• Social structures (Status: ascribed, achieved, master; Position and role: role set, role strain, role conflict)- pg 85 in Du Toit
• Social groups- pg 125 in Du Toit
• The family: functions pf 172, transformation, alternative forms,
• Social institutions - pg 189 in Du Toit
• Social stratification- pg 103 in Du Toit
• Social relationships (Primary & Secondary relationship characteristics) - pg 96-98 in Du Toit
In this persentation I give a short description about ecology and the history of it. I also show the ecological crisis as well as environmental situation for ethical and social awareness.
Tackles About
a.Socialization/Enculturation
b.Norms and Values
c.Status and Roles
d.Conformity and Deviance
e.Human Rights, Human Dignity and Common Good
Ashford 2: - Week 1 - Instructor Guidance
Source:http://www.palomar.edu/sociology/
SOC 120 Ethics & Social Responsibility
Week 1 Guidance
Source: http://www.skillsandethics.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/ethics-paid-for.jpg
Weekly Activities
Here is what you will be doing this week:
· Post your Introduction (Day 1, Tuesday),
· Read Chapter 1 in the text: Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility
· Read Chapter 2 in the text: Ethical Questions in the Public Square
· Post to Discussion Board 1 on Theory, Evidence, Beliefs and Bias (Day 3, Thursday)
· Post to Discussion Board 2 on Three Classical Ethical Theories (Day 3, Thursday)
· Respond to two discussion posts by classmates in each discussion (by Day 7, Monday)
· Week One Quiz (due by Day 7, Monday)
Brief Introduction to Sociology
For those who have not taken a Sociology course previously, here is a brief introduction to the discipline...
Sociology is the study of the relationship between individuals and their social contexts (Mills, 1959). Like other social scientists, sociologists are interested in understanding human behavior, and Sociology is focused on the social causes of human behavior. Humans are by nature social beings; we cannot survive unless we interact with other humans. But our interactions are not random, they are shaped by our social context, which consists of our relationships with others, our cultural values and beliefs, the rules of institutions (e.g., family, religion, government, economy) we participate in, our position in social hierarchies, and our experiences in previous interactions, among other things. All of these exert influence over our decisions and actions, by shaping how we perceive and interpret the actions of others around us.
Our relationships, social groups, organizations, social class, institutions, and culture―which taken together form the structure of our society―are created as we interact with others. Our experiences within our social structures always guide us as we interact with others, and by “acting normally” within the parameters of our social context, we reinforce all of the structures that constitute the context. Thus, our interactions are both shaping our social context, and also shaping us at the same time. Our social context and structures influence our own personalities, identities and worldviews. And these guide us in making decisions and in acting.
People experience interaction within these social structures over the course of a lifetime, beginning with interaction in the family, then among their neighbors, then with their teachers and classmates at school, perhaps in their church, later in the workplace, and so on. So, most of us do not think of ourselves as constructing the institutions―they are already in place when we are born and we live our lives within their rules. But, in fact, every time we adhere to time-honored means of interaction, we are essentially recreating that rule, and thus recreating the institution.
So.
This is my presentation in Ideas of Social Sciences at the course of Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences. I hope you will learn something and it will help you in studying. Thank you!
Social literacy helps you to have an ability to interpret and comprehend social policy and privacy. To manage social interaction with the community that you belong.
SOCIAL INTERACTION
It is a central concept to understanding the nature of social life.
It is two or more people taking one another into account in building up their actions
A main goal of sociology is to explain social action (Anything people are conscious of doing because of other people).
TYPES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
1. Exchange - when people do something for each other with the express purpose of receiving a reward or return, they are involved in an exchange interaction.
2. Cooperation
A cooperative interaction occurs when people act together to promote common interests or achieve shared goals.
3. Conflict - it arises when people or groups have incompatible values or when the rewards or resources available to a society or its members are limited.
4. Competition – it is a form of conflict in which individuals or groups confine their conflict within agreed-upon rules.
Conflict always involves an attempt to gain or use power . Conflict is not always negative. One Problem with conflict is that it often leads to unhappiness and violence which causes many people to view it negatively
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
5. Why is there a need to
formulate international treaties
and agreements among
nations?
6.
7. -Study of group interaction were
process is vital; from this, pattern of
behavior evolve.
-Relationship is developed and group
life is achieved.
SOCIOLOGY:
8. *( Aguste Comte)
Father of sociology,
- Science of social
phenomena, subject to
natural and invariable
laws, the discovery of
which is the object of
investigation.
9. *(Kingsley Davis)-
Sociology is a general
science of society, social
institution, collective
behavior, social behavior
man in relation to men.
*(Joseph
Fichter)-
Sociology is a
scientific study of
patterned shared
human behavior.
10. SOCIETY
-is a group of individuals who
share a common territory, interact
with each other, and have a common
culture.
11. SOCIAL INTERACTION
-process by w/c people act and react in
relation to others. In this
process, language, gestures and symbols
were used.
- Much of what we do everyday is
interaction, this happens because almost all
human behavior is oriented toward other
people since they are constantly aware of the
effects that their actions and reaction have
upon others.
12. People accomplish some aim and is
always directed toward specific other
people. Normally we interact w/ our
family, neighbors, friends, teacher
etc. (involve formal and informal
pattern)
- Personal proximity is however
not always needed in social
interaction (letter, telephone, and
internet).
13. -Society has a social structure which is
the organized relationship among
components of the social system.
- This structure is made up of
intertwining social statuses and social
roles.
15. ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
I. STATUSES- status means “prestige” in
sociology status refers particularly to a
position in social structure, any position
that determines where a person “fits”
within the society.
-According to Macionis (2004) status is the
most important component of social
interaction.
-Represent socially defined position (bank
president /bank teller).
16. SOCIAL STATUS
- is the position within the social
network.
- That is to say it is one’s place in the
overall structure (ex. Doctor, etc.)
17. SOCIAL ROLE
- is the behaviors and attitudes that
pertain to a particular social status.
- Individuals occupy many statuses
simultaneously at a given time.
- We occupy status, but play a role
- So each status calls forth different social role
behaviors.
18.
19. Two Classification of Status:
1. Ascribed Status- assigned to people
without effort on this part. Social received
at birth or involuntarily assumed later in
the life course.( being a
mother, teenager, senior citizen)
20. 2. Achieved Status- social
position that is assumed
voluntarily and that reflects
significant measure of personal
ability and efforts. Attained
through the personal effort of the
individual.
21. - So in essence
ascribed status is
WHO YOU ARE
and achieve
status is WHAT
YOU DO.
22. - It has to be noted that what
people achieve is heavily shape by
the opportunity structure (son on
squatters compare to son of rich
businessmen living in Forbes Park
in Makati)
23. ROLES- collection of cultural defined
rights, obligation and expectations that
accompany a status in a social system.
- Pattern of social behavior attached to a
particular status.
- With so many roles and statuses, overlap
may occur. When this in a case many roles and
statuses experience role conflict.
24. ROLE CONFLICT- occurs when
one playing two roles at the time
that are governed by
incompatible norms.
Ex. If you are a police officer and
you pull over your wife for
speeding, your role of husband
and lawman are in conflict.
25. SOCIALIZATION - process where
people learn how to play their roles
by observing and interacting w/ other
people who are more experience
than themselves.
- When one occupies too many goals
one can experience role strain.
26. Reasons- Others expect too much
of……
- You expect too much of
yourself
Variables- Your level of tolerance to
stress
Remedies- You can alter the
expectation of other people.
- Alter the expectation of yourself
- Drop out the social roles or
role.
27. ROLE FAILURE- when one cannot perform the
social role that he off her has taken on.
- So for example, if I set out to play the role of a
professor, but I could not teach effectively I would
be fired.
- When we acquire new roles it is likely we will
experience role ambiguity.
- When one drops out of a role it is likely we will
experience role ambiguity.
28. ROLE AMBIGUITY- occur when one
unsure how to play a certain social
role.
- A simple cure is to keep your
mouth shut and observe your
environment. This will allow you to
learn the norms and thus cure your
role ambiguity.
29. FRAMEWORKS USED IN INTERACTION
A. Defining the Situation- process by w/
people interpret and evaluate the social
context to select appropriate attitudes and
behavior.
- our behavior is determined not only by our
status and role but by the definition of the
situation, a stage of deliberation and
examination during w/c we define and
interpret the social context in which we find
ourselves, asses our interest, and select
specific attitudes or behaviors accordingly.
- We construct our own social reality.
According to Thomas if people define situation
30. B. Presentation of the self-
All of us has an image of how
we want to be seen by others.
FRAMEWORKS USED IN
INTERACTION
31. C. Negotiated Order- People can reconstruct
social reality through the process of internal
change as they take a different view of
everyday behavior.
- reshape reality by negotiating changes
in patterns of social interaction.
NEGOTIATION- refers to the attempt of
one to reach agreement w/ others concerning
some objectives
(Bargaining, mediating, trading off).
FRAMEWORKS USED IN INTERACTION
32. TYPES OF SOCIAL
INTERACTION
1. Exchange- involve when
people do something for each
other with the expressed
purpose of receiving a reward
or return.
33. TYPES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
2. Cooperation- collaborative
effort between people to achieve
a common goal.
34. 3. Conflict- direct struggle between
individuals or group over commonly
valued resources or goals.
TYPES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
35. 4. Competition- from of conflict in
which there agreement in the means
that can be use to pursue an end.
- More rules and limits that impose on
the interaction (rules employed in
given sports).
TYPES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
36. 5. Negotiation- In this process, two
or more competing parties reach a
mutually satisfactory
agreement, however when the
negotiation fails, conflict or coercion
sometimes occurs.
TYPES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
37. 6. Coercion- one-sided, one
imposing an action or behavior on
another (relationship between the
guard and the prisoner, master and
slaves)
- use physical force like that
between group of rallies’ of
demonstrators
- involve the use of social sanction
such as
TYPES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
39. Anthropology:
the science of human beings;
especially : the study of human beings and
their ancestors through time and space and in
relation to physical character, environmental
and social relations, and culture.
40. The relation between sociology and
anthropology is widely recognized today.
Anthropology is " concerned not with
particular man but with man in groups, with
races and peoples and their happenings and
doings". According to Hoebel, " Sociology
and Social Anthropology are, in their
broadest sense one and the same".
Sociology has borrowed many concepts
log, cultural patterns, cultural
configuration, etc., from socio-cultural
anthropology. Anthropology as a discipline
is so closely related to sociology that the
two are frequently indistinguishable.
41.
42. Political science deals with the political
activities of man. It studies social groups
organized under the sovereignty of the
state. " Historically, sociology has its main
root in politics and philosophy of history "-
Morries Ginsberg. " Political is embedded in
the social that if political science remains
distinct from sociology, it will be because of
the breadth of the field calls for the
specialist, not because there are any well-
defined boundaries marking it off from
sociology"- Garner. Sociology is the science
of state and government. Sociology is the
young science and political science is older
science.
43.
44. (Thomas)- " Economics is, in fact, but one
branch of the comprehensive science of
sociology ".
-study of wealth and on the other and more
important side a part of the study of man ".
Sociologists have contributed to the study
of different aspects of economic
organization.
Sociology studies all kinds of social
relationships but economics deals with only
those social relationships which are
economic.
45.
46. sciences. Psychology has been defined as
the study of human behaviour. In the words
of Thouless, " Psychology is the positive
science of human experience and behaviour
". As Krech and Crutchfield define, " Social
Psychology is the science of the behaviour
of the individual in society ". Social
psychology helps us a great deal in facing
several social problems. Murphy " Social
psychology is the study of the way in which
the individual becomes members of and
functions in a social groups ". Sociology
analyses social processes but social
psychology analysis mental processes of
man
47. History :
a narration of the events which have
happened among mankind, including an
account of the rise and fall of nations, as
well as of other great changes which have
affected the political and social condition of
the human race.