The male external genital organs include the penis, scrotum, testes, epididymides, and spermatic cords. The penis has two parts - the root/radix and the body/corpus. The body consists of two corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum containing the urethra. The scrotum is a cutaneous bag that contains the testes and associated structures. Each testis is covered by tunics and suspended by the spermatic cord, which contains the vas deferens and vessels. The epididymis acts as a reservoir for sperm, connecting the testis to the vas deferens.

1. Male External Genital Organs
Dr. Amaan
10th August / Wednesday
.

2. EXTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS
1. Penis,
2. Scrotum,
3. Testes,
4. Epididymes, and
5. Spermatic cords.

3. 1. Penis
The penis is the male organ of copulation
• It provide passage for both urine & semen
It is made up of:
(a) A root / radix or attached portion,
(b) Body / corpus or free portion

4. Root / radix , attached portion of penis
• Situated in the superficial perineal pouch.
• It is composed of three masses of erectile
tissue, namely the two crura and one bulb.
• Crus is attached to the margins of the pubic
arch, and is covered by the ischiocavernosus.
• The bulb is attached to the perineal
membrane in between the two crura. It is
covered by the bulbospongiosus.

5. • Its deep surface is pierced by the urethra to
reach the corpus spongiosum
• The part of the urethra within the bulb shows
a dilation in its floor – intra bulbar navicular
fossa.

6. (a) Male genital organs; parts of the penis—(b) ventral view, and
(c) sagittal section

7. Transverse section through the body of the penis

8. Body / corpus of Penis
1. Right and left corpora cavernosa
• Lies in front of scrotum
• continuation of the crus of the penis, do not
reach the end of the penis
• At the inferior border of the pubic symphysis
the two crura come together and continues
as corpora cavernosa
• Surrounded by fibrous envelope:
tunica albuginea
(superficial longitudinal & deep circular fibres)

9. 2. Median corpus spongiosum
• forward continuation of the bulb of the
penis. Its terminal part is expanded to
form a conical enlargement, called the
glans penis
• traversed by urethra

10. Body / corpus of Penis
3 parts:
1. Body proper: in flaccid state it is long
cylindrical structure, directed downwards &
forwards
2. Glans penis: terminal, expanded part of
corpus spongiosum
3. Neck of penis: oblique grooved constriction
behind the base of glans

11. The penis has a:
• ventral surface : faces backwards and
downwards,
• dorsal surface : faces forwards and
upwards

12. .
• The base of glans has a projecting margin: corona
glandis, which overhangs an obliquity grooved
constriction: the neck of the penis
• Within the glans, the urethra shows a dilation:
navicular fossa.
• The skin of the penis is very thin, dark . At neck it
is folded: prepuce/ foreskin

13. • On the undersurface of the glans, there is a
median fold of skin: frenulum
• The potential space between the glans & the
penis : preputial space
• on corona glandis & neck there are sebaceous
glands, which secrete : smegma

14. Superficial fascia of penis:
• consists of very loosely arranged arolar tissue
• completely devoid of fat
• contains superficial vein of the penis
Deep fascia of penis/ Buck’s fascia:
• it surrounds all the three masses of erectile tissue
• does not extend into the glans
• deep to it are:
a. Deep dorsal vein,
b. Deep dorsal arteries,
c. Dorsal nerves of the penis

15. supports of the body of penis
a. The fundiform ligament:
• it extends downwards from linea alba & splits
to enclose penis
• It lies superficial to the suspensory ligament
b. The suspensory ligament:
• extends from the pubic symphysis and blends
below with the Buck’s fascia on each side of
the penis

16. Arteries of the Penis
The internal pudental artery gives 3 branches:
1. The deep artery of the penis
2. The dorsal artery of the penis
3. The artery of the bulb of the penis
The femoral artery gives:- superficial external
pudental artery
Veins of the penis
1. superficial dorsal vein of the penis
2. Deep dorsal vein of the penis

17. Transverse section through the body of the penis

18. Nerve Supply of the Penis
1. The sensory nerve supply derived from:
 the dorsal nerve of the penis and
 the ilioinguinal nerve
2. The autonomic nerves are derived from
 the pelvic plexus via the prostatic plexus.
• The sympathetic nerves are vasoconstrictor,
• the parasympathetic nerves are vasodilator
(erection is controlled by nervi eregentes S2-S4)

19. Lymphatic Drainage
• Lymphatics from the glans drain into the deep
inguinal nodes, also called gland of Cloquet.
• Lymphatics from the rest of the penis drain into the
superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

20. Mechanism of Erection of the Penis
1. Dilatation of the helicine arteries (deep artery of the penis)
2. This enlargement presses the veins
3. Expansion of the corpora cavernosa,
4. Erection is controlled by parasympathetic nerves (nervi
erigentes, S2–S4).

21. Clinical correlation
1. Impotence: failure to achieve tumescence erection
a) psychogenic disturbance with failure to relax the
smooth muscle
b) Arterial insufficiency
c) Involvement of nervi eregentes (S2-S4)
2. Pripism: persistant erection, due to persistent spasm of
venous smooth muscles
3. Peyronie’s disease:
Localized thickening or plaque of corpora cavernosa, which
prevent expansion of erectile tissue; results in curved penis
during erection

22. 3. Phimosis: narrowing of the distal end of the
prepuce, which prevent retraction over the glans &
may interfere with the micturition
4. Paraphimosis: uncommon condition, prepuce
get stuck on the glans during erection & interfere
with copulation
5. Circumscision: surgical removal of the foreskin,
to relieve from tightly constrcting prepuce
(phimosis)

23. 2. SCROTUM
 The scrotum (Latin bag) is a cutaneous bag
 containing the right and left testes,
 the Epididymes and
 the lower parts of the spermatic cords.

24. Layers of the Scrotum
1. Skin
2. Dartos muscle
3. The external spermatic fascia from external
oblique muscle.
4. The cremasteric muscle and fascia from
internal oblique muscle.
5. The internal spermatic fascia from fascia
transversalis

25. Blood Supply
1. Superficial external pudental
2. Deep external pudental
3. Scrotal branches of external pudental
4. Cremasteric branch of inferior epigastric
Nerve Supply
The anterior one-third:
 by segment L1 through ilioinguinal nerve &
genitofemoral nerve
The posterior two-thirds:
 segment S3

26. some common abnormalities of scrotal contents are:-
1. Tumors of the testis
2. Hydrocoele (accumulation of fluid)
3. Epididymitis (inflammation of epididymis)
4. Variocoele (enlargement of the veins within
the scrotum)
5. Spermatocoele (spermatic cysts)
6. Scrotal edema

27. 3. Testis
o The testis is the male gonad.
o It is homologous with the ovary of the female
o It is suspended in the scrotum by spermatic
cord
External Features
1. Two poles or ends: upper & lower
2. Two borders, anterior and posterior
3. Two surfaces, medial and lateral

28. Coverings of the Testis
• The tunica vaginalis : parietal & visceral layer
• The tunica albuginea
• The tunica vasculosa

30. (a) Testis epididymis, sinus of the epididymis, and (b) longitudinal
section of testis and epididymis

31. Structure of the Testis
• The glandular part of the testis consists of 200
to 300 lobules.
• Each lobule contains 2-3 seminiferous tubules.
• The seminiferous tubules join together at the
apices of the lobules to form 20 to 30 straight
tubules. Here they form a network of tubules,
the rete testis. In its turn, the rete testis gives
rise to 12 to 30 efferent ductules which emerge
near the upper pole of the testis and enter the
epididymis.

32. Arterial Supply
The testicular artery from abdominal aorta
Venous Drainage
The veins emerging from the testis form the pampiniform
plexus
Right vein drains into inferior vena cava.
Left vein drains into left renal vein.
Lymphatic Drainage
The lymphatics from the testis ascend along the testicular
vessels and drain into the preaortic and para-aortic groups of
lymph nodes.

33. Nerve Supply
Sympathetic nerves arising from segment T10 of the
spinal cord.
Clinical
Unilateral absence of testis: monorchism
bilateral absence of testis: anorchism
Undescended testis: cryptoorchidism
Ectopic testis: the testis may occupy an abnormal
position due to deviation

34. 4. Epididymis
• The epididymis is an organ made up of highly
coiled tube that act as reservoir of spermatozoa.
Parts
• Head: connected to upper pole of the testis by
efferent ductules
• body
• Tail: single highly coiled duct which continuous as
ductus deferens/ vas deferens

35. 6. Spermatic Cord
1. The ductus deferens.
2. The testicular and cremasteric arteries, and the artery of
the ductus deferens.
3. The pampiniform plexus of veins.
4. Lymph vessels from the testis
5. The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, and the
plexus of sympathetic nerves around the artery to the
ductus deferens and visceral afferent nerve fibres.
6. Remains of the processus vaginalis.

36. Transverse section through the spermatic cord

37. Descent of the Testis
• The testes develop in the upper abdomen,
migrates out of the abdominal cavity into the
scrotum.
It reaches the iliac fossa by the 3rd month,
• Rests at the deep inguinal ring (4-6 month)
• Traverses the inguinal canal (7th month)
• Reaches the superficial inguinal ring (8th month)
• And the bottom of the scrotum by the 9th month or
just after birth.

38. Stages of descent of testis include formation of processus
vaginalis

39. Thank you