The male external genital organs include the penis, scrotum, testes, epididymides, and spermatic cords. The penis has two parts - the root and body. The body contains three cylinders that become engorged with blood during erection. The scrotum is a cutaneous sac that contains the testes and associated structures. Each testis produces and stores sperm and is surrounded by membranes. The epididymis is a highly coiled tube that acts as a reservoir for sperm. The spermatic cord connects the testes to the abdomen and contains vessels and nerves.

1. Male External Genital Organs
.

2. EXTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS
1. Penis,
2. Scrotum,
3. Testes,
4. Epididymes, and
5. Spermatic cords.

3. 1. The penis
• The penis is the male organ of copulation.
• It is made up of:
(a)A root or attached portion,
(b)Body or free portion

4. Root of Penis
• Situated in the superficial perineal pouch.
• It is composed of three masses of erectile tissue,
namely the two crura and one bulb.
• Crus is attached to the margins of the pubic
arch, and is covered by the ischiocavernosus.
• The bulb is attached to the perineal membrane
in between the two crura. It is covered by the
bulbospongiosus.
• Its deep surface is pierced by the urethra to
reach the corpus spongiosum
• The part of the urethra within the bulb shows a
dilation in its floor – intra bulbar navicular fossa.

5. (a) Male genital organs; parts of the penis—(b) ventral view, and
(c) sagittal section

6. Body of Penis
1. Right and left corpora cavernosa
• continuation of the crus of the penis, do not reach the
end of the penis
• Surrounded by fibrous envelope: tunica albuginea
(superficial longitudinal & deep circular fibres)
2. Median corpus spongiosum
• forward continuation of the bulb of the penis. Its
terminal part is expanded to form a conical
enlargement, called the glans penis
• traversed by urethra
The penis has a:
• ventral surface : faces backwards and downwards,
dorsal surface : faces forwards and upwards

7. .
• The base of glans has a projecting margin: corona
glandis, which overhangs an obliquity grooved
constriction: the neck of the penis
• Within the glans, the urethra shows a dilation:
navicular fossa.
• The skin of the penis is very thin & dark. At neck
it is folded: prepuce/ foreskin
• On the undersurface of the glans, there is a
median fold of skin: frenulum
• The potential space between the glans & the
penis : preputial space
• on corona glandis & neck there are sebaceous
glands, which secrete : smegma

8. Superficial fascia of penis:
• consists of very loosely arranged arolar tissue
• completely devoid of fat
• contains superficial vein of the penis
Deep fascia of penis/ Buck’s fascia:
• it surrounds all the three masses of erectile tissue
• does not extend into the glans
• deep to it are:
a. Deep dorsal vein,
b. Dorsal arteries,
c. Dorsal nerves of the penis

9. supports of the body of penis
a. The fundiform ligament:
• it extends downwards from linea alba & splits
to enclose penis
• It lies superficial to the suspensory ligament
b. The suspensory ligament:
• It lies deep to the fundiform ligament
• extends from the pubic symphysis and blends
below with the fascia on each side of the
penis

10. Arteries of the Penis
The internal pudental artery gives 3 branches:
1. The deep artery of the penis
2. The dorsal artery of the penis
3. The artery of the bulb of the penis
The femoral artery gives:- superficial external
pudental artery
Veins of the penis
• The dorsal veins, superficial and deep, are
unpaired

11. Nerve Supply of the Penis
1. The sensory nerve supply derived from:
 the dorsal nerve of the penis and
 the ilioinguinal nerve
2. The autonomic nerves are derived from
 the pelvic plexus via the prostatic plexus.
• The sympathetic nerves are vasoconstrictor,
• the parasympathetic nerves (S2–S4) are
vasodilator.

12. Lymphatic Drainage
• Lymphatics from the glans drain into the deep
inguinal nodes, also called gland of Cloquet.
• Lymphatics from the rest of the penis drain into the
superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

13. Mechanism of Erection of the Penis
1. Dilatation of the helicine arteries (deep
artery of the penis)
2. This enlargement presses the veins
3. Expansion of the corpora cavernosa,
4. Erection is controlled by parasympathetic
nerves (nervi erigentes, S2–S4).

14. 2. SCROTUM
 The scrotum (Latin bag) is a cutaneous bag
 containing the right and left testes,
 the Epididymes and
 the lower parts of the spermatic cords.

15. Layers of the Scrotum
1. Skin
2. Dartos muscle
3. The external spermatic fascia from external
oblique muscle.
4. The cremasteric muscle and fascia from
internal oblique muscle.
5. The internal spermatic fascia from fascia
transversalis

16. Blood Supply
1. Superficial external pudental
2. Deep external pudental
3. Scrotal branches of external pudental
4. Cremasteric branch of inferior epigastric
Nerve Supply
The anterior one-third:
 by segment L1 through ilioinguinal nerve &
genitofemoral nerve
The posterior two-thirds:
 segment S3

17. some common abnormalities of scrotal contents are:-
1. Tumors of the testis
2. Hydrocoele (accumulation of fluid)
3. Epididymitis (inflammation of epididymis)
4. Variocoele (enlargement of the veins within
the scrotum)
5. Spermatocoele (spermatic cysts)

18. 3. Testis
o The testis is the male gonad.
o It is homologous with the ovary of the female
o It is suspended in the scrotum by spermatic
cord
External Features
• 1. Two poles or ends: upper & lower
• 2. Two borders, anterior and posterior
• 3. Two surfaces, medial and lateral

19. (a) Testis epididymis, sinus of the epididymis, and (b) longitudinal
section of testis and epididymis

20. Coverings of the Testis
• The tunica vaginalis
• The tunica albuginea
• The tunica vasculosa

21. Structure of the Testis
• The glandular part of the testis consists of 200
to 300 lobules.
• Each lobule contains 2-3 seminiferous tubules.
• The seminiferous tubules join together at the
apices of the lobules to form 20 to 30 straight
tubules which enter the mediastinum. Here they
form a network of tubules, the rete testis. In its
turn, the rete testis gives rise to 12 to 30
efferent ductules which emerge near the upper
pole of the testis and enter the epididymis.

22. Arterial Supply
The testicular artery from abdominal aorta:
It descends on the posterior abdominal wall to reach the deep
inguinal ring where it enters the spermatic cord.
Venous Drainage
The veins emerging from the testis form the pampiniform
plexus
Right vein drains into inferior vena cava.
Left vein drains into left renal vein.
Lymphatic Drainage
The lymphatics from the testis ascend along the testicular
vessels and drain into the preaortic and para-aortic groups of
lymph nodes.

23. Nerve Supply
The testis is supplied by sympathetic nerves arising
from segment T10 of the spinal cord.
Clinical
Unilateral absence of testis: monorchism
bilateral absence of testis: anorchism
Undescended testis: cryptoorchidism
Ectopic testis: the testis may occupy an abnormal
position due to deviation

24. 4. Epididymis
• The epididymis is an organ made up of highly
coiled tube that act as reservoir of spermatozoa.
Parts
• efferent ductules
• head
• body
• the duct of the epididymis which continuous as
• ductus deferens

25. 6. Spermatic Cord
1. The ductus deferens.
2. The testicular and cremasteric arteries, and the artery of
the ductus deferens.
3. The pampiniform plexus of veins.
4. Lymph vessels from the testis
5. The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, and the
plexus of sympathetic nerves around the artery to the
ductus deferens and visceral afferent nerve fibres.
6. Remains of the processus vaginalis.

26. Transverse section through the spermatic cord

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