ANATOMY OF UTERUS
ANATOMY OF OVARY
ANATOMY OF FALLOPIAN TUBES
ANATOMY OF UTERUS &ITS APPENDAGES
ANATOMY OF CERVIX
ANATOMY OF UTERUS PPT
BLOOD SUPPLY, NERVE SUPPLY, LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
HISTOLOGY
ovaries, fallopian tube, component of internal genitalia, location of ovarie, boundaries of ovaries,external features of ovaries,ligaments of ovaries, support of ovaries, broad ligament, mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium, round ligament of uterus, blood supply and lymphatics of ovaries, prts of fallopian tube, blood supply of fallopian tube, ectopic pregnancy, polycystic ovaries,
ANATOMY OF UTERUS
ANATOMY OF OVARY
ANATOMY OF FALLOPIAN TUBES
ANATOMY OF UTERUS &ITS APPENDAGES
ANATOMY OF CERVIX
ANATOMY OF UTERUS PPT
BLOOD SUPPLY, NERVE SUPPLY, LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
HISTOLOGY
ovaries, fallopian tube, component of internal genitalia, location of ovarie, boundaries of ovaries,external features of ovaries,ligaments of ovaries, support of ovaries, broad ligament, mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium, round ligament of uterus, blood supply and lymphatics of ovaries, prts of fallopian tube, blood supply of fallopian tube, ectopic pregnancy, polycystic ovaries,
HUMAN ANATOMY
regional anatomy
regional anatomy of pelvic
changsha medical university lecture
csmu lecture by an chen
uploaded by Prabesh raj jamkatel
pelvics
This topic includes menstruation:- its definition, anatomical aspects- follicular growth and atresia, germ cells, premodial follicle; menstrual cycle/ ovarian cycle:- definition, phases- recruitment of groups of follicles (premature phase), selection of dominant follicle and its maturation, ovulation, follicular atresia; Endometrial cycle:- division of endometrium- basal zone, functional zone and its phases- stage of regeneration, stage of proliferation, secretory phase, menstrual phase, mechanism of menstrual bleeding, role of prostaglandins, hormones in relation to ovarian and menstrual cycle, ovulation, luteal-follicular shift, menstrual symptoms, menstrual hygiene, anovular menstruation, artificial postponement; cervical cycle, vaginal cycle and general changes in follicular and luteal phase.
HUMAN ANATOMY
regional anatomy
regional anatomy of pelvic
changsha medical university lecture
csmu lecture by an chen
uploaded by Prabesh raj jamkatel
pelvics
This topic includes menstruation:- its definition, anatomical aspects- follicular growth and atresia, germ cells, premodial follicle; menstrual cycle/ ovarian cycle:- definition, phases- recruitment of groups of follicles (premature phase), selection of dominant follicle and its maturation, ovulation, follicular atresia; Endometrial cycle:- division of endometrium- basal zone, functional zone and its phases- stage of regeneration, stage of proliferation, secretory phase, menstrual phase, mechanism of menstrual bleeding, role of prostaglandins, hormones in relation to ovarian and menstrual cycle, ovulation, luteal-follicular shift, menstrual symptoms, menstrual hygiene, anovular menstruation, artificial postponement; cervical cycle, vaginal cycle and general changes in follicular and luteal phase.
Sexsual organ of female reproductive system 1.External genitalia, 2.Internal genitalia, 3.Accessory reproductive organs, 4.Structure of uterus, 5.Blood supply, 6.The Ovary
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System.pptxMathew Joseph
The female reproductive organs include several key structures, such as the ovaries, uterus, vagina, and vulva. The functions of these organs are involved in fertility, conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.
urinary system includes kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra.
kidney is retroperitoneal with 4 layers of coverings. 2 boarders, 2 surfaces and poles. hilum contains neuro vascular structures and ureter. ureter lies posteriorly.
ureter is muscular tube parts are pelvis, abdominal and pelvic part
The reproductive organs in female are those which are concerned with copulation, fertilization, growth anddevelopment of the fetus and its subsequent exit to the outer world. the organs are broadly divided into:• External genitalia • Internal genitalia
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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6. External Genital Organs(vulva)
• Mons pubis
• Labia majora
• Labia minora
• Clitoris
• Vestibule of the vagina
External urethral
orifice
Vestibule glands
paraurethral glands
(Skene’s glands)
Bartholin's gland
vagina opening
hymen
External genitalia of adult female (parous)
7. MONS PUBIS
The triangular mound of fatty tissue that
covers the pubic bone
It protects the pubic symphysis
During adolescence sex hormones trigger
the growth of pubic hair on the mons
pubis
Hair varies in coarseness curliness,
amount, color and thickness
8. LABIA MAJORA
Referred to as the outer lips
They have a darker pigmentation
The Labia Majora:
Protect the introitus and urethral openings
Are covered with hair and sebaceous
glands
Tend to be smooth, moist, and hairless
Become flaccid with age and after
childbirth
9. LABIA MINORA
Referred to as the “inner lips”
Made up of erectile, connective tissue that
darkens and swells during sexual arousal
Located inside the labia majora
They are more sensitive and responsive to
touch than the labia majora
The labia minora tightens during
intercourse
10. CLITORIS
• Highly sensitive organ composed of
nerves, blood vessels, and erectile tissue
• Located under the prepuce
• It is made up of a shaft and a glans
• Becomes engorged with blood during
sexual stimulation
• Key to sexual pleasure for most women
• Urethral opening is located directly
below clitoris
Clitoris
11. VAGINAL OPENING
INTROITUS
Opening may be covered by a thin
sheath called the hymen
Using the presence of an intact hymen
for determining virginity is erroneous
Some women are born without hymens
The hymen can be perforated by many
different events
UNIT 3: FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 11
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. • Blood supply
– Arteries
• Br. of internal pudendal artery
– Labial A.,
– Transverse perineal A.,
– A to vestibular bulb,
– deep & dorsal arteries to clitoris
• Br. of Femoral A
– Superficial & deep external pudendal A
– Veins
• Internal pudendal vein
• Vesical/ vaginal venous plexuses
• Long saphenous vein
17. • Nerve supply
– Ant-sup part
• Ilio inguinal & genital br. of genitofemoral N (L1,L2)
– Post-inf part
• Pudendal br. of post.cut. N of thigh (S123)
– In between
• Labial & perineal br.of Pudendal N (S234)
• Lymphatics
– Superf. Inguinal nodes
– Gland of Cloquet
– Ext. & Int. Iliac nodes
18. PERINEUM
• The muscle and tissue located between the
vaginal opening and anal canal
• It supports and surrounds the lower parts of
the urinary and digestive tracts
• The perinium contains an abundance of nerve
endings that make it sensitive to touch
• An episiotomy is an incision of the perinium
used during childbirth for widening the vaginal
opening
UNIT 3: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 18
21. Vagina
• Fibromuscular membranous sheath
• Excretory channel
• Organ of copulation
• Birth canal of parturition
• 45° horizontal
• 2.5cm diameter
• distensibility
22. VAGINA
• The vagina connects the cervix to the external genitals
• It is located between the bladder and rectum
Functions :
• As a passageway for the menstrual flow
• For uterine secretions to pass down through the introitus
• As the birth canal during labor
• With the help of two Bartholin’s glands becomes lubricated
during SI
23. • Walls
– Ant : 7.5 cm
– Post : 9cm
– 2 lateral walls
• Fornices :
– Ant : shallow
– 2 lateral
– Post : deep
31. levator ani muscle is largest and
strongest muscle in the pelvis
Ischiococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
(Master sphincter)
(weight bearing)
(weight bearing)
32. Urogenital diaphragm
• Braces the vagina and
urethra (PUL)
• Provides the stage for
sexual quartet
•Stabilizes the perineal
body
47. Arterial system
1. Ovarian artery: the chief source
of the blood for ovaries.
2. Uterine artery:
corpus branch
cervical-vaginal branch
3. Vaginal artery: main source of
the blood for the middle part
of vagina
4. Internal pudendal artery: supply
for superficial perineum, labia
majora, labia minora, lower
part of the vagina, clitoris
Blood supply for female genitalia
48. Fallopian tube
(uterine tube, oviduct)
• 10-14 cm
• Lies within the superior
border of broad ligament
• 2 openings
– Medially into cornua
– Laterally into abdominal cavity
52. • Blood Supply
– Arteries
• Uterine A
• Ovarian A
– Veins
• Through pampiniforn plexus into ovarian veins
• Lymphatics
• Para-aortic nodes
• Nerve supply
– Uterine & ovarian nerves
53. The Ovary
• Paired, situated on either side of uterus
• Close to lateral pelvic wall
• In ovarian fossa of Waldeyer
• Size: 4*3*2 cm
• Only intra-abdominal structure not covered by
peritoneum
• Medial pole: attached to uterine cornua by
ovarian ligament
• Laterally to the pelvic wall by infundibulopelvic
ligament
• Fimbrial end of oviduct close to ovary & attached
to it via fimbria ovarica
54.
55. • Structure : 2 parts
• Lined single layer of germinal epithelium of
Waldeyer (cuboidal epi.)
• Tunica albuginea : stromal cells thickened
beneath germinal epithelium
• Contain primordial follicles
• Corpus albicans/ atretic follicles
Cortex
• Loose connective tissues, blood vessels,
nerves, muscles
• Hilus cells : homologous to interstitial cells of
testes
Medulla
56.
57. • Blood Supply
– Arterial : Ovarian A
– Veins :
• Through pampiniform plexus ovarian V.
Lt. Renal Vein IVC
• Lymphatics
• Para-aortic nodes
• Nerve supply
• Sympathetic supply from T10 along ovarian A.
62. The nerve of external genitalia
• Pudendal nerve
– Obstetric local anesthesia
• Divided into 3 branches beside tuberosity
– Inferior hemorrhoid nerve
– Dorsal nerve
– Perineal nerve
63. The nerve of internal genitalia
• Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves from
lumbar and sacral spinal cord
• Sympathetic nerve are derived from Plexus
– Sacral plexus
– Ovarian plexus
66. BREASTS
• Organs of sexual arousal
• Contain mammary glands
• Consist of connective tissue
that serves as support
• Each breast contain 15-25
clusters called lobes
• Each lobule is connected by
ducts that open into the
nipples
• The nipples are made up of
erectile tissue
• The pigmented around the
nipples are called the areola
• Breast size is determined
primarily by heredity
• Size also depends on the
existing fat and glandular
tissue
• Breasts may exhibit cyclical
changes, including
increased swelling and
tenderness prior to
menstruation
• Benign breast changes refer
to fibrocystic disease
• Lumps or masses that are
noncancerous