The three main pairs of salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located below the external ear. The submandibular gland is located below the mandible in the anterior digastric triangle. The sublingual gland is the smallest salivary gland located under the tongue.

1. Salivary Glands
Dr. Mohammad Amaan

2. 3 main pair of salivary glands:
1. Parotid
2. Submandibular
3. Sublingual

3. Parotid salivary gland
• Para – around
• Otic – ear
• Largest salivary gland, 25gms
• Serous secretion
• Parotid region: below external acoustic meatus & in between
posterior border of ramus of mandible & sternocleido mastoid muscle

4. Posterior border of ramus of
mandible
Sternocleidomastoid muscle;
Mastoid process

7. • Resembles 3 sided pyramid
• 3 borders
• 4 surfaces
• Apex directed downwards

8. Parotid gland resembles
3 sided pyramid
Posterior border
Apex
Superior
surface
(Base)
Superficial
surface
Anterior border
Medial border

9. capsule
• True capsule
• False capsule

10. 4 surfaces:
1. Antero medial
2. Postero medial
3. Superficial/ lateral
4. Superior (base)
Apex of the gland is directed downwards

11. Apex
• Directed downwards
• Overlaps posterior belly of digastric
Structure passing through:
1. Cervical branch of facial nerve
2. Two divisions of the retromandibular vein
3. Formation of external jugular vein

13. Superior surface/base
• Concave
• Concavity is related to external acoustic meatus & posterior part of
TMJ
Structure passing through:
1. Temporal branch of facial nerve
2. Superficial temporal vessels
3. Auriculotemporal nerve

15. Superficial surface/ lateral
surface
• Largest of all the 4 surface
Covered by:
1. Skin
2. Superficial fascia
3. Deep fascia(parotid fascia, extension of
investing layer of deep cervical fascia)
4. Parotid lymph nodes

16. Antero medial surface
• Deeply grooved by the posterior border of ramus of mandible
Relations:
1. Post. Inferior part of masseter
2. Post. Border of ramus of mandible
3. Medial pterygoid muscle
4. Branches of facial nerve

19. Postero medial surface:
• Moulded to the mastoid & styloid process
Relation:
1. Mastoid process with sternocledomastoid & Posterior belly of
digastric
2. Styloid process with muscles attached to it
3. External carotid artery and branches of facial nerve enter
4. Deep to styloid: lies the internal carotid artery & internal jugular
vein

22. Anterior border:
• Separates superficial
surface from antero medial
surface

23. Posterior border:
• Separates the superficial
surface from the post.
Medial surface
• Overlaps the SCM
Relation:
1. post. Auricular branch
of facial nerve
2. Post. Auricular vessels

24. 3. Medial edge / pharyngeal border –
• separates the antero medial surface from the post. medial surface.
• It is related to the lateral wall of the pharynx.

25. Parotid duct/
Stenson's duct
• 5 cm long
• runs from the mid point
of anterior border
• Runs over the lateral
surface of masseter
• Pierces the buccinator
&
• Opens up at the upper
2nd molar vestibular
area

26. Branching of facial nerve
• Radiate like goose foot – Pes Anserinus
• Facial nerve emerges out from stylomastoid foramina
• Pierces post. medial surface
• Divides into
1. Temporal
2. Zygomatic
3. Buccal
4. Marginal mandibular
5. cervical

27. Structures passing through parotid
• Structures passing
through parotid
1. Facial nerve
2. Retromandibular
vein
3. External carotid
artery

28. Nerve supply

29. SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND
• Large salivary gland
• situated in the anterior part of the digastric triangle.
• Enclosed between two layers of deep cervical fascia.
Superficial Part
It has three surfaces:
a. Inferior
b. Lateral
c. Medial surfaces.

31. Relations:
The inferior surface is covered by:
a. Skin,
b. Platysma,
c. Cervical branch of the facial nerve
d. Deep fascia,
e. Facial vein
f. Submandibular lymph nodes

32. The lateral surface is related to
a. The submandibular fossa on the
mandible.
b. Insertion of the medial pterygoid
c. The facial artery
The medial surface is related to:
Mylohyoid, hyoglossus and
styloglossus muscles from before
backwards.

33. Deep Part
This part is small in size.
Relations
Present in between mylohyoid and
hyoglossus
Laterally – Mylohyoid
Medially – Hyoglossus
Above – Lingual nerve with
submandibular ganglion
Below – Hypoglossal nerve

34. Submandibular Duct/Wharton’s duct
• It is thin walled, and is about 5 cm long.
• At the anterior border of the hyoglossus, the duct is crossed by
the lingual nerve.
• It opens on the floor of the mouth, on the summit of the
sublingual papilla, at the side of the frenulum of the tongue.

35. Blood Supply and
Lymphatic Drainage
• The submandibular gland is
supplied by the facial artery.
• The veins drain into the
common facial or lingual vein.
• Lymph passes to
submandibular lymph nodes.

37. SUBLINGUAL SALIVARY GLAND
This is smallest of the three salivary glands. It is almond-shaped
and weighs about 3 to 4 g.
Relations
Front – Meets opposite side gland
Behind–Comes in contact with deeper part of submandibular gland
Above – Mucous membrane of mouth
Below – Mylohyoid muscle
Lateral – Sublingual fossa
Medial – Genioglossus muscles

38. • About 15 ducts emerge from the gland. Most of them open
directly into the floor of the mouth on the summit of the
sublingual fold. A few of them join the submandibular duct

39. Thank you