Everything About Bipolar disorder!
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A presentation about bipolar disorder. This presentation composed of the definition, types, causes, clinical feature, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognosis of bipolar disorder.
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Bipolar mood disorder
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.
Depression
Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person’s ability to function at work and at home.
Bi Polar Affective Disorder
This is a powerpoint presentation on bipolar affective disrder. Gives a basic information on the disorder.
Hypochondriasis
Hypochondriasis is defined as an excessive preoccupation or worry about having an illness. Hypochondriacs obsess over whether they have a disease and what disease it is. They try to avoid anything that could make them sick and stay indoors. Hypochondriacs are always worried and stressed, especially when they find a new "symptom." They are prone to visiting doctors frequently and taking many medications in an attempt to avoid illness and boost their immune system. Hypochondriasis can negatively impact one's social, educational, and work life by constantly worrying about potential diseases.
Mania
Mania is an abnormally elevated mood state characterized by inappropriate elation, irritability, insomnia, grandiose notions, increased speech and thoughts, and poor judgment. It is caused by biological and psychosocial factors and can be treated with mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, ECT, and psychotherapy. Nurses assess severity, monitor for injury/violence risks, address nutrition issues, and support social interaction for patients experiencing mania.
Psychiatric emergencies
This document discusses various psychiatric emergencies and their management. It describes conditions like suicidal threats, violence, panic attacks, catatonia, hysteria, transient situational disturbances, delirium tremens, epileptic furor, acute drug-induced movement disorders, and drug toxicity. For each condition, it outlines signs, potential causes, and recommended emergency treatment approaches such as reassurance, sedation, monitoring safety, fluid replacement, and stopping causative medications. The overall goal of management is to stabilize the patient, prevent harm, and address the underlying psychiatric condition.
Mood Disorders- Psychiatric nursing
This document discusses mood disorders, specifically manic episodes and depression. It begins by providing historical context on the study of mood disorders dating back to ancient Greece. It then defines mood disorders as being characterized by disturbances in mood accompanied by manic or depressive syndromes.
The document describes the clinical features of mania, including elevated mood, increased psychomotor activity, and decreased need for sleep. It also discusses the clinical features of depression, such as depressed mood, psychomotor retardation or agitation, and thoughts of worthlessness.
The document covers the classification, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of both manic episodes and depressive episodes. It notes that mood disorders often have genetic and biochemical factors and
Principles of Psychiatric Nursing
The basic about the principles of psychiatric nursing , what all are the basic we have to follow while providing care to the psychiatric patients in hospital and in the community area
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Bipolar mood disorder
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.
Depression
Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person’s ability to function at work and at home.
Bi Polar Affective Disorder
This is a powerpoint presentation on bipolar affective disrder. Gives a basic information on the disorder.
Hypochondriasis
Hypochondriasis is defined as an excessive preoccupation or worry about having an illness. Hypochondriacs obsess over whether they have a disease and what disease it is. They try to avoid anything that could make them sick and stay indoors. Hypochondriacs are always worried and stressed, especially when they find a new "symptom." They are prone to visiting doctors frequently and taking many medications in an attempt to avoid illness and boost their immune system. Hypochondriasis can negatively impact one's social, educational, and work life by constantly worrying about potential diseases.
Mania
Mania is an abnormally elevated mood state characterized by inappropriate elation, irritability, insomnia, grandiose notions, increased speech and thoughts, and poor judgment. It is caused by biological and psychosocial factors and can be treated with mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, ECT, and psychotherapy. Nurses assess severity, monitor for injury/violence risks, address nutrition issues, and support social interaction for patients experiencing mania.
Psychiatric emergencies
This document discusses various psychiatric emergencies and their management. It describes conditions like suicidal threats, violence, panic attacks, catatonia, hysteria, transient situational disturbances, delirium tremens, epileptic furor, acute drug-induced movement disorders, and drug toxicity. For each condition, it outlines signs, potential causes, and recommended emergency treatment approaches such as reassurance, sedation, monitoring safety, fluid replacement, and stopping causative medications. The overall goal of management is to stabilize the patient, prevent harm, and address the underlying psychiatric condition.
Mood Disorders- Psychiatric nursing
This document discusses mood disorders, specifically manic episodes and depression. It begins by providing historical context on the study of mood disorders dating back to ancient Greece. It then defines mood disorders as being characterized by disturbances in mood accompanied by manic or depressive syndromes.
The document describes the clinical features of mania, including elevated mood, increased psychomotor activity, and decreased need for sleep. It also discusses the clinical features of depression, such as depressed mood, psychomotor retardation or agitation, and thoughts of worthlessness.
The document covers the classification, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of both manic episodes and depressive episodes. It notes that mood disorders often have genetic and biochemical factors and
Principles of Psychiatric Nursing
The basic about the principles of psychiatric nursing , what all are the basic we have to follow while providing care to the psychiatric patients in hospital and in the community area
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder is defined by feelings of compulsion to perform repetitive behaviors or dwell on obsessive thoughts. It is caused by genetic and biochemical factors and treated with antidepressants, exposure therapy, and other psychotherapies. The main clinical features are obsessive thoughts, images, doubts, and rituals performed to relieve anxiety. Nurses assess patients' obsessive and compulsive behaviors, provide a structured schedule, and support efforts to reduce ritualistic behaviors.
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is a cyclical mood disorder that results in pathological mood swings from mania to depression. It has been recognized and studied for hundreds of years. There is strong evidence that bipolar disorder has a genetic component, with family and twin studies showing increased risk among relatives of those diagnosed. While specific genetic variants have not been consistently identified, heritability is stronger for bipolar disorder than for unipolar depression. Proper diagnosis distinguishes between bipolar I and II, as well as related disorders like cyclothymia, based on the presence and duration of manic or hypomanic episodes.
Mood disorder
Mood disorders involve disturbances in mood that are accompanied by related cognitive, physical, and interpersonal difficulties. They include conditions like bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression, while major depressive disorder involves recurrent episodes of depression without mania. Mood disorders have biological, genetic, neurological, and psychosocial causes. They are diagnosed based on symptoms and treated with medications, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy with the goal of managing mood disturbances and related issues. Nursing care focuses on safety, treatment adherence, symptom monitoring, and education.
Principles of mental health nursing
This document outlines 12 general principles of psychiatric nursing. It discusses concepts like accepting patients unconditionally, using self-understanding to help patients, maintaining consistency, and avoiding increasing patient anxiety. The principles are meant to guide nursing care for mentally ill individuals by focusing on the whole person rather than just symptoms. Nurses should understand patients' behaviors through observation rather than interpretation and modify procedures based on individual comprehension.
Dissociative disorder
The document discusses dissociative amnesia, which is defined as the inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by normal forgetfulness. It notes that dissociative amnesia affects approximately 6% of the general population and is more common in late adolescence and adulthood. The document outlines the proposed causes of dissociative amnesia including amnesia from extreme intrapsychic conflicts and betrayal trauma. It also discusses the clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of dissociative amnesia.
Alcohol use disorder
This document discusses substance use disorder and alcohol dependence. It defines key terms like substance abuse, dependence, and psychoactive substances. It describes the etiology, signs and symptoms, psychiatric disorders, and complications of alcohol dependence. It discusses the properties of alcohol, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment including detoxification, disulfiram, and the nursing role in management.
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy is still being used. It is a procedure usually done under general anesthesia, in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure.
Lithium toxicity
This slide contains information regarding Lithium Toxicity. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
Interpersonal model & Behavior model
The document provides information on the interpersonal model and behavioral model of mental health. It discusses the key assumptions, principles, techniques, and application of each model. The interpersonal model focuses on how social interactions and relationships influence personality development. It emphasizes anxiety, trust, and security. The behavioral model is based on learning theory and focuses on observable behaviors. It uses techniques like positive reinforcement, systematic desensitization, and assertiveness training to modify behaviors. Both models influence psychiatric nursing practice.
Delirium
This document discusses delirium, including its causes, symptoms, types, risk factors, tests, diagnosis, treatments, and nursing interventions. Delirium is characterized by impaired consciousness, disorientation, and cognitive impairment. It has various causes like medical conditions, medications, and substance withdrawal. Symptoms fluctuate and include confusion, emotional disturbances, and behavioral changes. Treatment focuses on addressing underlying causes and providing a calm environment. Nursing aims to ensure patient safety, reduce fear and anxiety, meet physical needs, and facilitate orientation.
Standard of mental health nursing
The document outlines 11 standards for psychiatric and mental health nursing. Standard I discusses applying relevant theories to explain phenomena and provide treatment bases. Standard II covers continuously collecting comprehensive data through assessments. Standard III involves utilizing nursing diagnoses and classifications to identify health issues. Standard IV requires developing individualized nursing care plans with goals and interventions.
Individual psychotherapy
Individual psychotherapy involves meeting with a therapist to explore one's feelings, attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors in order to bring about positive change. The goals are to reduce symptoms, modify disturbed patterns, and promote personal growth. Different types were discussed, including psychoanalysis which focuses on unconscious forces, supportive therapy for chronic conditions, hypnosis using relaxation techniques, and reality therapy which emphasizes present coping skills. The nurse's role is to reinforce positive behavior, coordinate care, develop trust, and explain the treatment process.
MOOD DISORDERS
The document summarizes mood disorders and their classification. It describes the main features of manic episodes, depressive episodes, bipolar mood disorder, recurrent depressive disorder, and persistent mood disorder. Manic episodes are characterized by elevated mood and increased psychomotor activity. Depressive episodes involve depressed mood, loss of interest, and feelings of worthlessness. Bipolar disorder involves recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Treatment involves medications like antidepressants, lithium, antipsychotics as well as psychosocial therapies.
Classification of mental disorder
The document discusses the classification of mental disorders according to two major systems - ICD-10 and DSM-IV. ICD-10 is the World Health Organization's classification system that codes psychiatric disorders from F00 to F99. DSM-IV is the diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association that uses a multi-axial system with five axes to evaluate patients. Some key differences between the two systems are that ICD-10 is intended for clinical work, research, and primary care globally while DSM-IV is in English only and includes social consequences in its diagnostic criteria.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic or stressful event. The document defines PTSD and discusses its incidence, risk factors, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options including therapy and medication, nursing management, and prognosis. It states that PTSD affects approximately 8% of the general population and carries higher risk for women. Common symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, insomnia, and social withdrawal. Treatment involves various forms of therapy like exposure therapy and stress management. Prognosis varies with 30% recovering completely, 40% experiencing mild residual symptoms, and 20% having moderate long-term issues.
Mood disorders
Mood disorders include depressive disorders like major depressive disorder and bipolar disorders. Major depressive disorder involves one or more major depressive episodes without a history of mania. Bipolar I disorder involves one or more manic or mixed episodes. Etiology may include genetics, neurotransmitter imbalances, stress, negative thought patterns, and interpersonal problems. Treatment involves psychotherapy like cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy as well as medication like SSRIs, tricyclics, lithium, and ECT.
Organic brain syndrome
This document discusses organic mental disorders, which are caused by pathological conditions affecting the brain. There are two major categories - cognitive disorders like delirium and dementia, and mental disorders secondary to medical conditions. Delirium is an acute reversible state characterized by disturbed consciousness and cognition. Dementia is a chronic progressive syndrome with multiple cognitive defects like memory impairment. Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are common types of dementia. Organic mental disorders have various causes including head trauma, infections, tumors, metabolic disorders, and toxins.
Mood disorder
mood disorders presentation is focused on mania, its definition, ICD -10 classification, stages of mania, its clinical features, etiology, medical management and nursing management.
Mania
This document discusses mood disorders, specifically mania. It defines mania and provides classifications for manic episodes and bipolar affective disorder according to ICD-10. It describes the features, stages, and types of mania including hypomania, acute mania, and delirious mania. Etiology, clinical features, treatment including pharmacotherapy and ECT, and nursing management are outlined. Nursing diagnoses for patients experiencing mania include high risk for injury, violence, altered nutrition, impaired social interaction, and self-esteem disturbances.
Obsessive compulsivedisorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder whose main symptoms include obsessions and compulsions, driving the person to engage in unwanted, often-times distress behaviors or thoughts. The obsessions are usually related to a sense of harm, risk or injury. The common Obsessions include concern about contamination, doubt, fear of loss or letting go, fear of physically injuring someone.It’s treatment is done through a combination of psychiatric medications and psychotherapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse, or image which intrude into the conscious aware repeatedly.
Bipolar disorder management
Bipolar disorder causes extreme shifts in mood from mania to depression. It is a chronic illness often diagnosed in adolescence that has high rates of suicide. While the causes are unknown, genetic and environmental factors likely contribute. Diagnosis involves meeting DSM-5 criteria for manic or hypomanic episodes. Treatment includes medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Lithium and anticonvulsants are commonly used to stabilize moods, while antidepressants may be used for depression but carry risk for inducing mania. Long-term management focuses on preventing recurrences through medication adherence and monitoring for risky behaviors.
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Obsessive compulsive disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder is defined by feelings of compulsion to perform repetitive behaviors or dwell on obsessive thoughts. It is caused by genetic and biochemical factors and treated with antidepressants, exposure therapy, and other psychotherapies. The main clinical features are obsessive thoughts, images, doubts, and rituals performed to relieve anxiety. Nurses assess patients' obsessive and compulsive behaviors, provide a structured schedule, and support efforts to reduce ritualistic behaviors.
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is a cyclical mood disorder that results in pathological mood swings from mania to depression. It has been recognized and studied for hundreds of years. There is strong evidence that bipolar disorder has a genetic component, with family and twin studies showing increased risk among relatives of those diagnosed. While specific genetic variants have not been consistently identified, heritability is stronger for bipolar disorder than for unipolar depression. Proper diagnosis distinguishes between bipolar I and II, as well as related disorders like cyclothymia, based on the presence and duration of manic or hypomanic episodes.
Mood disorder
Mood disorders involve disturbances in mood that are accompanied by related cognitive, physical, and interpersonal difficulties. They include conditions like bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression, while major depressive disorder involves recurrent episodes of depression without mania. Mood disorders have biological, genetic, neurological, and psychosocial causes. They are diagnosed based on symptoms and treated with medications, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy with the goal of managing mood disturbances and related issues. Nursing care focuses on safety, treatment adherence, symptom monitoring, and education.
Principles of mental health nursing
This document outlines 12 general principles of psychiatric nursing. It discusses concepts like accepting patients unconditionally, using self-understanding to help patients, maintaining consistency, and avoiding increasing patient anxiety. The principles are meant to guide nursing care for mentally ill individuals by focusing on the whole person rather than just symptoms. Nurses should understand patients' behaviors through observation rather than interpretation and modify procedures based on individual comprehension.
Dissociative disorder
The document discusses dissociative amnesia, which is defined as the inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by normal forgetfulness. It notes that dissociative amnesia affects approximately 6% of the general population and is more common in late adolescence and adulthood. The document outlines the proposed causes of dissociative amnesia including amnesia from extreme intrapsychic conflicts and betrayal trauma. It also discusses the clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of dissociative amnesia.
Alcohol use disorder
This document discusses substance use disorder and alcohol dependence. It defines key terms like substance abuse, dependence, and psychoactive substances. It describes the etiology, signs and symptoms, psychiatric disorders, and complications of alcohol dependence. It discusses the properties of alcohol, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment including detoxification, disulfiram, and the nursing role in management.
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy is still being used. It is a procedure usually done under general anesthesia, in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure.
Lithium toxicity
This slide contains information regarding Lithium Toxicity. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
Interpersonal model & Behavior model
The document provides information on the interpersonal model and behavioral model of mental health. It discusses the key assumptions, principles, techniques, and application of each model. The interpersonal model focuses on how social interactions and relationships influence personality development. It emphasizes anxiety, trust, and security. The behavioral model is based on learning theory and focuses on observable behaviors. It uses techniques like positive reinforcement, systematic desensitization, and assertiveness training to modify behaviors. Both models influence psychiatric nursing practice.
Delirium
This document discusses delirium, including its causes, symptoms, types, risk factors, tests, diagnosis, treatments, and nursing interventions. Delirium is characterized by impaired consciousness, disorientation, and cognitive impairment. It has various causes like medical conditions, medications, and substance withdrawal. Symptoms fluctuate and include confusion, emotional disturbances, and behavioral changes. Treatment focuses on addressing underlying causes and providing a calm environment. Nursing aims to ensure patient safety, reduce fear and anxiety, meet physical needs, and facilitate orientation.
Standard of mental health nursing
The document outlines 11 standards for psychiatric and mental health nursing. Standard I discusses applying relevant theories to explain phenomena and provide treatment bases. Standard II covers continuously collecting comprehensive data through assessments. Standard III involves utilizing nursing diagnoses and classifications to identify health issues. Standard IV requires developing individualized nursing care plans with goals and interventions.
Individual psychotherapy
Individual psychotherapy involves meeting with a therapist to explore one's feelings, attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors in order to bring about positive change. The goals are to reduce symptoms, modify disturbed patterns, and promote personal growth. Different types were discussed, including psychoanalysis which focuses on unconscious forces, supportive therapy for chronic conditions, hypnosis using relaxation techniques, and reality therapy which emphasizes present coping skills. The nurse's role is to reinforce positive behavior, coordinate care, develop trust, and explain the treatment process.
MOOD DISORDERS
The document summarizes mood disorders and their classification. It describes the main features of manic episodes, depressive episodes, bipolar mood disorder, recurrent depressive disorder, and persistent mood disorder. Manic episodes are characterized by elevated mood and increased psychomotor activity. Depressive episodes involve depressed mood, loss of interest, and feelings of worthlessness. Bipolar disorder involves recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Treatment involves medications like antidepressants, lithium, antipsychotics as well as psychosocial therapies.
Classification of mental disorder
The document discusses the classification of mental disorders according to two major systems - ICD-10 and DSM-IV. ICD-10 is the World Health Organization's classification system that codes psychiatric disorders from F00 to F99. DSM-IV is the diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association that uses a multi-axial system with five axes to evaluate patients. Some key differences between the two systems are that ICD-10 is intended for clinical work, research, and primary care globally while DSM-IV is in English only and includes social consequences in its diagnostic criteria.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic or stressful event. The document defines PTSD and discusses its incidence, risk factors, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options including therapy and medication, nursing management, and prognosis. It states that PTSD affects approximately 8% of the general population and carries higher risk for women. Common symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, insomnia, and social withdrawal. Treatment involves various forms of therapy like exposure therapy and stress management. Prognosis varies with 30% recovering completely, 40% experiencing mild residual symptoms, and 20% having moderate long-term issues.
Mood disorders
Mood disorders include depressive disorders like major depressive disorder and bipolar disorders. Major depressive disorder involves one or more major depressive episodes without a history of mania. Bipolar I disorder involves one or more manic or mixed episodes. Etiology may include genetics, neurotransmitter imbalances, stress, negative thought patterns, and interpersonal problems. Treatment involves psychotherapy like cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy as well as medication like SSRIs, tricyclics, lithium, and ECT.
Organic brain syndrome
This document discusses organic mental disorders, which are caused by pathological conditions affecting the brain. There are two major categories - cognitive disorders like delirium and dementia, and mental disorders secondary to medical conditions. Delirium is an acute reversible state characterized by disturbed consciousness and cognition. Dementia is a chronic progressive syndrome with multiple cognitive defects like memory impairment. Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are common types of dementia. Organic mental disorders have various causes including head trauma, infections, tumors, metabolic disorders, and toxins.
Mood disorder
mood disorders presentation is focused on mania, its definition, ICD -10 classification, stages of mania, its clinical features, etiology, medical management and nursing management.
Mania
This document discusses mood disorders, specifically mania. It defines mania and provides classifications for manic episodes and bipolar affective disorder according to ICD-10. It describes the features, stages, and types of mania including hypomania, acute mania, and delirious mania. Etiology, clinical features, treatment including pharmacotherapy and ECT, and nursing management are outlined. Nursing diagnoses for patients experiencing mania include high risk for injury, violence, altered nutrition, impaired social interaction, and self-esteem disturbances.
Obsessive compulsivedisorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder whose main symptoms include obsessions and compulsions, driving the person to engage in unwanted, often-times distress behaviors or thoughts. The obsessions are usually related to a sense of harm, risk or injury. The common Obsessions include concern about contamination, doubt, fear of loss or letting go, fear of physically injuring someone.It’s treatment is done through a combination of psychiatric medications and psychotherapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse, or image which intrude into the conscious aware repeatedly.
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Bipolar disorder management
Bipolar disorder causes extreme shifts in mood from mania to depression. It is a chronic illness often diagnosed in adolescence that has high rates of suicide. While the causes are unknown, genetic and environmental factors likely contribute. Diagnosis involves meeting DSM-5 criteria for manic or hypomanic episodes. Treatment includes medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Lithium and anticonvulsants are commonly used to stabilize moods, while antidepressants may be used for depression but carry risk for inducing mania. Long-term management focuses on preventing recurrences through medication adherence and monitoring for risky behaviors.
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This a project for a high school AP Psychology course. This is a fictionalized account of having a psychological ailment. For questions about this blog project or its content please email the teacher, Laura Astorian: laura.astorian@cobbk12.org
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This document discusses mood disorders and provides details about different types of mood disorders. It defines mood disorders as severe alterations in mood that last for long periods of time and are maladaptive. The two key moods involved are mania and depression. There are two main types of mood disorders - unipolar depressive disorders, which only involve depressive episodes, and bipolar disorder, which involves both manic and depressive episodes. Several types of depression and bipolar disorders are described, along with their diagnostic criteria.
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Mood disorders involve disturbances of mood accompanied by related cognitive, psychomotor, physiological and interpersonal difficulties. They are characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania or depression that are not due to other medical conditions. The main types of mood disorders are bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and cyclothymic disorder. The disorders involve abnormalities in neurotransmitters like serotonin and catecholamines as well as genetic and environmental/psychosocial factors. Symptoms vary between disorders but can include changes in mood, thought patterns, speech, activity levels, appetite and sleep alongside possible psychotic features. Careful diagnosis involves evaluating the severity and duration of symptom episodes.
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Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are mood disorders characterized by disturbances in mood and behavior ranging from depression to mania. Major depressive disorder involves at least two weeks of depressed mood or lack of interest in activities along with other symptoms. Bipolar disorder involves extreme mood swings between episodes of mania and depression. Both have genetic and biological factors and are treated with medication and psychotherapy. Accurate assessment and monitoring of symptoms is important for nursing care.
Bipolar Disorder
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Affective disorders are psychiatric conditions characterized by depression and bipolar disorder. They involve mood changes ranging from sadness to mania. A psychiatrist can diagnose the condition through evaluation. While disruptive, effective treatments include medication and psychotherapy. The most common types of depression are major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, while bipolar disorder involves shifts between depression, mania, and hypomania. Causes may relate to neurotransmitter imbalances, life events, genetics, and other factors. Treatment options include mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and therapy.
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ppt on mood disorders that will give brief idea of differences betweeen unipolar and bipolar mood disorders
MOOD DISORERS-1.pptx
This document discusses mood disorders and provides classifications and descriptions. It covers:
1. The classification of mood disorders includes categories like mania, hypomania, depressive disorders, bipolar mood disorders, and persistent mood disorders.
2. Hypomania is described as involving a persistent mild elevation of mood and other symptoms for at least 4 days.
3. Bipolar disorders involve recurrent episodes of mania and depression, which can occur in any sequence.
4. Differential diagnoses, management including pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, and prognosis are also addressed.
Bipolar
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of mania or hypomania. During manic or hypomanic periods, people experience hyperactivity, impulsivity, and wildly optimistic or irritable moods. Depressive periods involve symptoms of major depression like difficulty concentrating and suicidal thoughts. Bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose and treatment often involves medication and therapy to help manage mood swings and related issues like anxiety or substance abuse. Living with bipolar disorder is challenging but possible to do successfully with proper treatment and lifestyle habits.
Bipolar
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of mania or hypomania. During manic or hypomanic periods, people experience hyperactivity, impulsivity, and overly optimistic or irritable moods. Depressive periods involve symptoms of major depression like difficulty concentrating and suicidal thoughts. Bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose and treatment often involves medication and therapy to help manage mood swings and related issues like anxiety or substance abuse. Living with bipolar disorder is challenging but possible to do successfully with proper treatment and lifestyle habits.
Bipolar
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of mania or hypomania. During manic or hypomanic periods, people experience hyperactivity, impulsivity, and overly optimistic or irritable moods. Depressive periods involve symptoms of major depression like difficulty concentrating and suicidal thoughts. Bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose and treatment often involves medication and therapy to help manage mood swings and related issues. Living with bipolar disorder is challenging but possible to do successfully with proper treatment and lifestyle management.
Case study CC26-year-old white female. Individual is AO x3.
Case study
CC
26-year-old white female. Individual is A/O x3. Individual reports she was placed on medication during recent inpatient admission to psychiatric facility. Individual reports “it works a little too well. It makes me sleepy.” She reports originally going to the psychiatric facility because she could not sleep. Individual reports being diagnosed with Bipolar disorder. She reports losing 14 pounds within one week. Individual reports taking Gabapentin 600 mg in the morning, 600 mg at noon, and 1200 mg at night, and Abilify 5 mg at night. Individual complains of sleeping too much at night. Individual rates life 8/10 with 10 being total happiness. She denies S/I, H/I. individual reports that she has highs and lows. She reports she tried Lithium during inpatient admission “I had a really bad reaction. I had diarrhea.” DX; Bipolar I disorder (mixed); Mild depression. Plan; Gabapentin 600 mg tablet, 1.5 tablet nightly, Gabapentin 600 mg one tablet twice daily, Aripiprazole 5 mg one tablet nightly.
Mental function
PHQ-9 total core: 4, GAD-7 total score: 6
Vitals
Ht: 5’11”
Wt: 169 lbs
BMI: 23.57
Pain: 0/10
HPI
“Everything hit me like a freight train in January. I could not sleep.” Individual denies childhood trauma.
PMHx
Bipolar disorder
Hallucinations, delusions – Reports hallucinations and delusions when medications were adjusted.
Hyperlipidemia
PSHx
Comments: teeth pulled; cyst cut in back
FHx
Comments: Mother (living) Father (living), skin cancer (mets to brain)
Soc Hx
Alcohol: do not drink
Drug Abuse: No illicit drugs
Tobacco: Never smoker
Ob Preg Hx
Age of menses: 12
Allergies
No known medication allergies
ROS
Psychiatric: (+) change in mood, (-) depression, (-) sadness interfering with function, (+) anxiety, (+) nervousness, (-) sleep disturbance, (-) suicidal/homicidal ideations, (-) hopelessness, (+) worthlessness, (-) delusions, (-) hallucinations
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Bipolar and related disorders are separated from the depressive disorders in DSM-5 and placed between the chapters on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders and depressive disorders in recognition of their place as a bridge between the two diagnostic classes in terms of symptomatology, family history, and genetics. The diagnoses included in this chapter are bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, substance/medication-induced bipolar and related disorder, bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition, other specified bipolar and related disorder, and unspecified bipolar and related disorder.
The bipolar I disorder criteria represent the modern understanding of the classic manic-depressive disorder or affective psychosis described in the nineteenth century, differing from that classic description only to the extent that neither psychosis nor the lifetime experience of a major depressive episode is a requirement. However, the vast majority of individuals whose symptoms meet the criteria for a ful ...
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Case study CC26-year-old white female. Individual is AO x3.
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Everything About Bipolar disorder!
- 1. Covered by: Arwa H. Al-Onayzan.
- 3. • Bipolar disorders: • Are characterized by episodes of mania and depression, which may alternate, although many patients have a predominance of one or the other. • Bipolar disorders usually begin in the teens, 20s, or 30s. • Lifetime prevalence is about 4%. • Rates of bipolar I disorder are about equal for men and women.
- 4. • Bipolar disorders are classified as: I. Bipolar I disorder: Defined by the presence of at least one full-fledged (ie, disrupting normal social and occupational function) manic episode and usually depressive episodes II. Bipolar II disorder: Defined by the presence of major depressive episodes with at least one hypomanic episode but no full-fledged manic episodes III. Unspecified bipolar disorder: Disorders with clear bipolar features that do not meet the specific criteria for other bipolar disorders • In cyclothymic disorder, patients have prolonged (> 2-yr) periods that include both hypomanic and depressive episodes; however, these episodes do not meet the specific criteria for a bipolar disorder.
- 5. • Exact cause is unknown. However, heredity plays a significant role. • There is also evidence of dysregulaton of serotonin and norepinephrine. • Psychosocial factors may be involved. Stressful life events are often associated with initial development of symptoms and later exacerbations, although cause and effect have not been established. • Certain drugs can trigger exacerbations in some patients with bipolar disorder; these drugs include: I. Sympathomimetics (eg, cocaine, amphetamines). II. Alcohol. III. Certain antidepressants (eg, tricyclics, MAOIs).
- 6. • Bipolar disorder begins with an acute phase of symptoms, followed by a repeating course of remission and relapse. • Episodes last anywhere from a few weeks to 3 to 6 month. Mania Hypomania Depression Mixed feature A manic episode is defined as ≥ 1 wk of a persistently elevated mood, plus ≥ 3 additional symptoms: • Inflated self-esteem. • Decreased need for sleep. • Greater talkativeness . • Flight of ideas. • Distractibility. • Increased goal-directed activity. • A hypomanic episode is a less extreme of mania. • Includes ≥ 3 of symptoms listed under mania. • During the hypomanic period, mood brightens, the need for sleep decreases, and psychomotor activity accelerates. • A depressive episode has features typical of major depression. • Psychotic features are more common in bipolar depression than in unipolar depression. An episode of mania or hypomania is designated as having mixed features of depressive symptoms are present for most days of the episode.
- 7. I. Clinical criteria (DSM, Fifth Edition) see pic below. II. Thyroxine (T4) and TSH levels to exclude hyperthyroidism III. Exclusion of stimulant drug abuse clinically or by urine testing
- 8. Mood stabilizers (eg, lithium, certain anticonvulsants), a 2nd- generation antipsychotic, or both. Support and psychotherapy. • Treatment of bipolar disorder usually has 3 phases: I. Acute: To stabilize and control the initial, sometimes severe manifestations II. Continuation: To attain full remission III. Maintenance or prevention: To keep patients in remission • Although most patients with hypomania can be treated as outpatients, severe mania or depression often requires inpatient management.
- 9. • Has significant morbidity and mortality rates. Factors suggesting a worse prognosis include the following: Poor job history. Substance abuse. Psychotic features. Depressive features between periods of mania and depression. Evidence of depression. Male sex. Pattern of depression-mania-euthymia. Factors suggesting a better prognosis include the following: Length of manic phases (short duration). Late age of onset. Few thoughts of suicide. Few psychotic symptoms. Few medical problems.
- 11. • Merk manual (Nineteenth edition, page 1548-1552). • Medscape: • http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview#a6 • Goegle image.