The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lateral pedicle graft is a surgical technique used to increase attached gingiva around teeth affected by recession. It involves raising a partial-thickness flap of tissue from an adjacent donor site and rotating it to cover the exposed root surface. The pedicle flap provides good vascularization and ability to cover denuded roots. However, it is limited to one or two teeth and carries risks of recession at the donor site. Key steps include preparing the recipient and donor sites, outlining incisions, raising and positioning the pedicle flap, and suturing to cover the exposed root.
This document discusses diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJDs). It describes common symptoms such as headaches, ear pain, sounds from the joint, and limited jaw movement. Diagnosis involves patient history, clinical examination including palpation of the jaw and muscles, and sometimes imaging tests. TMJDs can be classified as muscle disorders, joint disorders, or a combination. Treatment depends on the specific disorder but may include education, behavior modification, physical therapy, medications, and dental appliances.
This document provides information on matrixing and wedges used in dental restorations. It defines a matrix as a temporary wall that shapes the restoration and confines restorative material. Wedges are used to create separation between teeth during a restoration. The document classifies matrices and describes common types like Tofflemire matrices. It also discusses wedge materials, shapes, placement techniques, and the benefits of proper contact and contour of restorations. In summary, the document outlines the purposes and techniques for using matrices and wedges to isolate teeth and shape restorative materials during dental procedures.
Tissue conditioners are temporary denture liners composed of polyethylmethacrylate and aromatic esters that form a gel when mixed. They have several uses: as adjuncts for tissue healing by protecting irritated tissues before denture fabrication; as temporary obturators over existing dentures; to stabilize denture bases and surgical splints; and to diagnose the effects of resilient denture liners. Tissue conditioners are applied by reducing the denture base, mixing the three components, and molding the material to the denture tissues. They require gentle cleaning to prevent tearing but only provide temporary relief due to loss of plasticizers over 4-8 weeks.
impression making-theories and techniques in complete denturePriyanka Makkar
The document discusses the history and theories of complete denture impression techniques. It describes how impression techniques have evolved since the 18th century from early methods using wax and plaster to modern elastomeric materials. The key theories discussed are the mucocompressive technique which records tissues under pressure, and the mucostatic technique which records tissues without distortion. The document also outlines the structures of the oral mucosa and classifications of impression techniques.
secondary impression / final impression in complete denture.
#prosthodontics
#prostho
BDS 4th year
Nischala Chaulagain
Nobel Medical College , Biratnagar
Problems encountered in dental impressions and their impact on final restoration discusses common issues that can arise during the dental impression process and their effects. It covers prerequisites for impressions like tissue health and saliva control. Impression materials like polysulfide, condensation silicone, and polyether are described. Techniques like putty wash are explained. Errors like inadequate marginal detail, bubbles, tears and improper tray selection can result in open margins or missing arch details. Proper disinfection and storage is needed to prevent dimensional instability. Attention to details in each step of the impression process helps ensure an accurate restoration.
Lateral pedicle graft is a surgical technique used to increase attached gingiva around teeth affected by recession. It involves raising a partial-thickness flap of tissue from an adjacent donor site and rotating it to cover the exposed root surface. The pedicle flap provides good vascularization and ability to cover denuded roots. However, it is limited to one or two teeth and carries risks of recession at the donor site. Key steps include preparing the recipient and donor sites, outlining incisions, raising and positioning the pedicle flap, and suturing to cover the exposed root.
This document discusses diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJDs). It describes common symptoms such as headaches, ear pain, sounds from the joint, and limited jaw movement. Diagnosis involves patient history, clinical examination including palpation of the jaw and muscles, and sometimes imaging tests. TMJDs can be classified as muscle disorders, joint disorders, or a combination. Treatment depends on the specific disorder but may include education, behavior modification, physical therapy, medications, and dental appliances.
This document provides information on matrixing and wedges used in dental restorations. It defines a matrix as a temporary wall that shapes the restoration and confines restorative material. Wedges are used to create separation between teeth during a restoration. The document classifies matrices and describes common types like Tofflemire matrices. It also discusses wedge materials, shapes, placement techniques, and the benefits of proper contact and contour of restorations. In summary, the document outlines the purposes and techniques for using matrices and wedges to isolate teeth and shape restorative materials during dental procedures.
Tissue conditioners are temporary denture liners composed of polyethylmethacrylate and aromatic esters that form a gel when mixed. They have several uses: as adjuncts for tissue healing by protecting irritated tissues before denture fabrication; as temporary obturators over existing dentures; to stabilize denture bases and surgical splints; and to diagnose the effects of resilient denture liners. Tissue conditioners are applied by reducing the denture base, mixing the three components, and molding the material to the denture tissues. They require gentle cleaning to prevent tearing but only provide temporary relief due to loss of plasticizers over 4-8 weeks.
impression making-theories and techniques in complete denturePriyanka Makkar
The document discusses the history and theories of complete denture impression techniques. It describes how impression techniques have evolved since the 18th century from early methods using wax and plaster to modern elastomeric materials. The key theories discussed are the mucocompressive technique which records tissues under pressure, and the mucostatic technique which records tissues without distortion. The document also outlines the structures of the oral mucosa and classifications of impression techniques.
secondary impression / final impression in complete denture.
#prosthodontics
#prostho
BDS 4th year
Nischala Chaulagain
Nobel Medical College , Biratnagar
Problems encountered in dental impressions and their impact on final restoration discusses common issues that can arise during the dental impression process and their effects. It covers prerequisites for impressions like tissue health and saliva control. Impression materials like polysulfide, condensation silicone, and polyether are described. Techniques like putty wash are explained. Errors like inadequate marginal detail, bubbles, tears and improper tray selection can result in open margins or missing arch details. Proper disinfection and storage is needed to prevent dimensional instability. Attention to details in each step of the impression process helps ensure an accurate restoration.
This document discusses methods for determining vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and vertical dimension of rest (VDR). It describes that VDO is the vertical separation of the jaws when teeth are in contact, while VDR is the separation when muscles are minimally contracted to maintain posture. Several physiological and mechanical methods are outlined, including ridge relation, swallowing threshold, tactile sense, phonetics, and electromyography. Maintaining the proper VDO and VDR is important for minimizing strain on teeth and muscles.
DIAGNOSTIC SETUP FOR REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE /prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders (TMJ) cause jaw pain and dysfunction. There are three main types: myofascial pain involving jaw muscles, internal derangement involving a displaced disc or joint injury, and arthritis. Causes include trauma, teeth grinding, hormones, genetics, and stress. Treatment involves heat/ice, soft diet, jaw exercises, relaxation techniques, and over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs. More severe cases may require physical therapy, splints, injections, or surgery like arthrocentesis, arthroscopy, or disc removal.
This document discusses concepts of occlusion in fixed partial dentures. It defines key terms like centric relation and occlusion. It describes the requirements for optimal occlusion, including simultaneous bilateral contact of posterior teeth in centric occlusion and forces directed along the long axis of teeth. It also discusses mandibular movements, border movements, and functional movements. The document outlines the diagnosis of occlusion through intraoral exam, radiographs, and mounted casts. It describes planning occlusion and achieving an optimal occlusion.
The document discusses the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It begins by providing Weinberg's classification of articulators and discusses the parts that make up the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It then shows how to mount a facebow transfer on the articulator and program it using records. The document concludes by mentioning some accessories that can be used with the articulator and providing brief instructions for its care and maintenance.
impression techniques of complete dentureakanksha arya
The document discusses impression techniques for complete dentures. It defines key terms like impression, complete denture impression, and preliminary impression. It explains the objectives of impression making including retention, stability, support, esthetics, and preservation of remaining structures. It also covers different classification systems for impressions based on theories, materials used, technique, purpose, and tray type. Specific impression techniques like open mouth, closed mouth, and selective pressure are described.
Temporary Restorations Operative iv, lect 6Lama K Banna
Dr. Inas Ayoub Elalem
inas.alalem@gmail.com
Al Azhar University Gaza, Palestine
Uploaded by Dr. Lama El Banna
Operative dentistry fourth year
Temporary Restorations
The document discusses balanced occlusion in prosthodontics. It defines balanced occlusion as simultaneous contact of opposing teeth in centric relation position, with smooth bilateral gliding to eccentric positions. It describes Hanau's quint, which are the five factors that determine balanced occlusion: condylar guidance, incisal guidance, occlusal plane, compensating curves, and cusp inclination. It also discusses selection of posterior teeth based on ridge morphology, and arrangements for different molar and arch relationships. Examples are provided for managing resorbed ridges and flabby tissues. The goal is to understand principles of occlusion to provide patients with balanced occlusion.
The human mandible can be related to the maxilla in several positions in the horizontal plane. Among these centric relation is a significant position, because of its usefulness in relating the dentulous and edentulous mandible to maxilla, where the teeth , muscles and temporomandibular joint function in harmony. It is a position of occluso-articular harmony.
This document summarizes the key points of the classic article "The Neutral zone in complete dentures" by Beresin and Schiesser. It describes the neutral zone as the area in the mouth where the forces of the tongue pressing outwards are balanced by the forces of the cheeks and lips pressing inwards. It discusses how using the neutral zone technique in denture construction can lead to improved stability, retention and aesthetics by properly accounting for muscular forces. The technique involves making external impressions of the lips, cheeks and tongue to capture muscle function and determine the contours of the denture.
This document discusses resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It introduces resin-bonded FPDs as a way to minimize destruction of sound tooth structure compared to conventional FPDs. Resin-bonded FPDs have a metal framework that is bonded to abutment teeth with resin cement after minimal tooth preparation. Several types of resin-bonded FPD designs are described, including Rochette, Maryland, cast mesh, and Virginia bridges. The techniques, advantages, disadvantages, indications, and contraindications of resin-bonded FPDs are outlined. Tooth preparation for resin-bonded FPDs involves minimal axial reduction and guide planes on proximal surfaces.
TMJ is a ginglymo-diarthroidal joint that is freely mobile with superior and inferior joint spaces separated by articular disc.
The type of imaging technique depends upon the clinical problems associated, so either imaging of hard tissue (OSSEOUS) or soft tissue is desired.
Certain protocols are to be taken care before the imaging procedure:
the amount of diagnostic information available from particular imaging modality.
The cost of examination
The radiation dose
theories of impression making in complete denturedipalmawani91
This document discusses theories and procedures for complete denture impressions. It begins with a brief history of denture impressions from the 18th century to present. The key theories discussed are muco-compressive (Greene brothers), muco-static (Page, Addison), and selective pressure (Boucher). The muco-compressive theory advocates recording tissues under functional pressure, while muco-static advocates minimal pressure to avoid tissue distortion. Selective pressure applies pressure only to stress-bearing areas. The document also covers biologic considerations, impression materials, border molding, classifications (open/closed mouth, by theory/technique), and principles of retention, stability, support and esthetics.
The document discusses the role and development of dentine bonding agents. It describes the challenges of bonding to dentine due to its structure and composition compared to enamel. Various generations of bonding agents are classified, from early phosphoric acid-based systems to modern multi-step etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives. Conditioning of the dentine surface and the role of priming agents are explained. Factors affecting the bonding process such as smear layer removal and acid etching duration are also covered.
4th 5th 6th generation of bonding agentsIsraa Awadh
This document discusses the history and development of dental bonding techniques. It begins by defining bonding agents and outlining their components and ideal requirements. The challenges of bonding to dentin are then described. The document goes on to classify bonding techniques into generations from first to seventh generation, describing the characteristics of fourth, fifth and sixth generation bonding agents. Considerations for bonding to primary versus permanent dentin are also discussed, along with tips for optimizing bonding procedures. In conclusion, the document emphasizes that technique is more important than the specific bonding material used.
The document discusses factors that influence retention of complete dentures. It defines retention as the resistance of a denture to dislodging forces. Retention is provided by physical factors like adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension; physiological factors like muscle control and saliva; and mechanical factors like undercuts, occlusion, and denture adhesives. Proper design of denture surfaces and incorporation of these retention factors is necessary for optimal denture function and patient satisfaction.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal (PPS), including its role, location, and function in complete denture treatment. It defines the PPS and discusses factors that govern denture retention. The document covers PPS anatomy, design, clinical procedures, techniques for recording the PPS, and classifications of palatal forms and soft palate shapes. It provides details on locating the vibrating line and summarizes literature on determining the proper placement of the PPS.
A dental implant was used to replace a congenitally missing lower front tooth for a patient. A single-piece dental implant was placed in the missing tooth region. After trimming the implant to adjust for proper bite, a porcelain-fused-to-metal crown was fixed to the implant within 72 hours. Dental implants act as artificial tooth roots by fusing with the surrounding jaw bone through a process called osseointegration, permanently replacing missing teeth without relying on other teeth for support.
ICOI-The World's Largest Dental Implant OrganizationJenifer Berg
The ICOI was founded in 1972. Today, the ICOI has over 12,000 members in multiple countries. Moreover, we are not only the world’s largest dental implant society but also the world’s largest provider of continuing dental implant education. ICOI’s leadership has committed itself to providing all team professionals including practitioners, auxiliaries, laboratory personnel, researchers, and educators with the highest quality practical and scientific education.
This document discusses methods for determining vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and vertical dimension of rest (VDR). It describes that VDO is the vertical separation of the jaws when teeth are in contact, while VDR is the separation when muscles are minimally contracted to maintain posture. Several physiological and mechanical methods are outlined, including ridge relation, swallowing threshold, tactile sense, phonetics, and electromyography. Maintaining the proper VDO and VDR is important for minimizing strain on teeth and muscles.
DIAGNOSTIC SETUP FOR REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE /prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders (TMJ) cause jaw pain and dysfunction. There are three main types: myofascial pain involving jaw muscles, internal derangement involving a displaced disc or joint injury, and arthritis. Causes include trauma, teeth grinding, hormones, genetics, and stress. Treatment involves heat/ice, soft diet, jaw exercises, relaxation techniques, and over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs. More severe cases may require physical therapy, splints, injections, or surgery like arthrocentesis, arthroscopy, or disc removal.
This document discusses concepts of occlusion in fixed partial dentures. It defines key terms like centric relation and occlusion. It describes the requirements for optimal occlusion, including simultaneous bilateral contact of posterior teeth in centric occlusion and forces directed along the long axis of teeth. It also discusses mandibular movements, border movements, and functional movements. The document outlines the diagnosis of occlusion through intraoral exam, radiographs, and mounted casts. It describes planning occlusion and achieving an optimal occlusion.
The document discusses the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It begins by providing Weinberg's classification of articulators and discusses the parts that make up the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It then shows how to mount a facebow transfer on the articulator and program it using records. The document concludes by mentioning some accessories that can be used with the articulator and providing brief instructions for its care and maintenance.
impression techniques of complete dentureakanksha arya
The document discusses impression techniques for complete dentures. It defines key terms like impression, complete denture impression, and preliminary impression. It explains the objectives of impression making including retention, stability, support, esthetics, and preservation of remaining structures. It also covers different classification systems for impressions based on theories, materials used, technique, purpose, and tray type. Specific impression techniques like open mouth, closed mouth, and selective pressure are described.
Temporary Restorations Operative iv, lect 6Lama K Banna
Dr. Inas Ayoub Elalem
inas.alalem@gmail.com
Al Azhar University Gaza, Palestine
Uploaded by Dr. Lama El Banna
Operative dentistry fourth year
Temporary Restorations
The document discusses balanced occlusion in prosthodontics. It defines balanced occlusion as simultaneous contact of opposing teeth in centric relation position, with smooth bilateral gliding to eccentric positions. It describes Hanau's quint, which are the five factors that determine balanced occlusion: condylar guidance, incisal guidance, occlusal plane, compensating curves, and cusp inclination. It also discusses selection of posterior teeth based on ridge morphology, and arrangements for different molar and arch relationships. Examples are provided for managing resorbed ridges and flabby tissues. The goal is to understand principles of occlusion to provide patients with balanced occlusion.
The human mandible can be related to the maxilla in several positions in the horizontal plane. Among these centric relation is a significant position, because of its usefulness in relating the dentulous and edentulous mandible to maxilla, where the teeth , muscles and temporomandibular joint function in harmony. It is a position of occluso-articular harmony.
This document summarizes the key points of the classic article "The Neutral zone in complete dentures" by Beresin and Schiesser. It describes the neutral zone as the area in the mouth where the forces of the tongue pressing outwards are balanced by the forces of the cheeks and lips pressing inwards. It discusses how using the neutral zone technique in denture construction can lead to improved stability, retention and aesthetics by properly accounting for muscular forces. The technique involves making external impressions of the lips, cheeks and tongue to capture muscle function and determine the contours of the denture.
This document discusses resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It introduces resin-bonded FPDs as a way to minimize destruction of sound tooth structure compared to conventional FPDs. Resin-bonded FPDs have a metal framework that is bonded to abutment teeth with resin cement after minimal tooth preparation. Several types of resin-bonded FPD designs are described, including Rochette, Maryland, cast mesh, and Virginia bridges. The techniques, advantages, disadvantages, indications, and contraindications of resin-bonded FPDs are outlined. Tooth preparation for resin-bonded FPDs involves minimal axial reduction and guide planes on proximal surfaces.
TMJ is a ginglymo-diarthroidal joint that is freely mobile with superior and inferior joint spaces separated by articular disc.
The type of imaging technique depends upon the clinical problems associated, so either imaging of hard tissue (OSSEOUS) or soft tissue is desired.
Certain protocols are to be taken care before the imaging procedure:
the amount of diagnostic information available from particular imaging modality.
The cost of examination
The radiation dose
theories of impression making in complete denturedipalmawani91
This document discusses theories and procedures for complete denture impressions. It begins with a brief history of denture impressions from the 18th century to present. The key theories discussed are muco-compressive (Greene brothers), muco-static (Page, Addison), and selective pressure (Boucher). The muco-compressive theory advocates recording tissues under functional pressure, while muco-static advocates minimal pressure to avoid tissue distortion. Selective pressure applies pressure only to stress-bearing areas. The document also covers biologic considerations, impression materials, border molding, classifications (open/closed mouth, by theory/technique), and principles of retention, stability, support and esthetics.
The document discusses the role and development of dentine bonding agents. It describes the challenges of bonding to dentine due to its structure and composition compared to enamel. Various generations of bonding agents are classified, from early phosphoric acid-based systems to modern multi-step etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives. Conditioning of the dentine surface and the role of priming agents are explained. Factors affecting the bonding process such as smear layer removal and acid etching duration are also covered.
4th 5th 6th generation of bonding agentsIsraa Awadh
This document discusses the history and development of dental bonding techniques. It begins by defining bonding agents and outlining their components and ideal requirements. The challenges of bonding to dentin are then described. The document goes on to classify bonding techniques into generations from first to seventh generation, describing the characteristics of fourth, fifth and sixth generation bonding agents. Considerations for bonding to primary versus permanent dentin are also discussed, along with tips for optimizing bonding procedures. In conclusion, the document emphasizes that technique is more important than the specific bonding material used.
The document discusses factors that influence retention of complete dentures. It defines retention as the resistance of a denture to dislodging forces. Retention is provided by physical factors like adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension; physiological factors like muscle control and saliva; and mechanical factors like undercuts, occlusion, and denture adhesives. Proper design of denture surfaces and incorporation of these retention factors is necessary for optimal denture function and patient satisfaction.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal (PPS), including its role, location, and function in complete denture treatment. It defines the PPS and discusses factors that govern denture retention. The document covers PPS anatomy, design, clinical procedures, techniques for recording the PPS, and classifications of palatal forms and soft palate shapes. It provides details on locating the vibrating line and summarizes literature on determining the proper placement of the PPS.
A dental implant was used to replace a congenitally missing lower front tooth for a patient. A single-piece dental implant was placed in the missing tooth region. After trimming the implant to adjust for proper bite, a porcelain-fused-to-metal crown was fixed to the implant within 72 hours. Dental implants act as artificial tooth roots by fusing with the surrounding jaw bone through a process called osseointegration, permanently replacing missing teeth without relying on other teeth for support.
ICOI-The World's Largest Dental Implant OrganizationJenifer Berg
The ICOI was founded in 1972. Today, the ICOI has over 12,000 members in multiple countries. Moreover, we are not only the world’s largest dental implant society but also the world’s largest provider of continuing dental implant education. ICOI’s leadership has committed itself to providing all team professionals including practitioners, auxiliaries, laboratory personnel, researchers, and educators with the highest quality practical and scientific education.
2 newhistory and evolution of implants1/ dental implant courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnostic imaging / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
implantology biologic and clinical aspects / dental implant courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis & treatment plan for periimplant desease/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
This document discusses diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant disease. It begins by describing the history of dental implants and defines peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Peri-implant tissue breakdown can result from microbial and mechanical factors. Treatment aims to arrest disease progression and maintain implant sites. Bacterial infection and biomechanical overload are major causes of peri-implant bone loss. Implant shape, surface, and soft tissue attachment can also influence peri-implant health.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of dental implants from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses early attempts at implant dentistry dating back thousands of years, including the use of animal teeth, carved ivory, and other materials as implants. The document then outlines several key periods in the more recent history and development of dental implants, including pioneers who advanced implant techniques and materials in the 18th century through the early 20th century. It focuses on the foundational work done in the late 1930s and 1940s that marked the beginning of modern implant dentistry.
A dental implant is a surgical component that interfaces with the jawbone to support dental prosthetics like crowns, bridges, dentures, or act as an orthodontic anchor. Modern implants bond directly to bone through osseointegration, where titanium implants form a bond with bone. A variable healing time is required for osseointegration before attaching a prosthetic. Dental implants can replace single or multiple missing teeth and involve placement of a fixture into the jawbone followed by attachment of components like abutments and prosthetics.
This document provides a summary of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) in 3 paragraphs:
The first paragraph describes the anatomy of the TMJ, including its components like the glenoid fossa, articular eminence, condyle, separating disc, joint capsule, and ligaments. It also discusses the articulatory system involving the TMJ, muscles of mastication, occlusion of teeth, and nerve supply.
The second paragraph classifies TMDs as either intra-articular/intrinsic disorders involving the joint itself, or extra-articular/extrinsic disorders caused by factors outside the joint like muscle disorders, trauma
Anatomical considerations for placing dental implants.
all the basic anatomical landmarks and considerations which are to be taken care off before and while placing a dental implant.
any type of implant it may be...wether endossous or subperiosteal or tranosteal.
lack of knowledge of basic anatomy will never lead to success of implant.
Classification and impression techniques of implants/ dentistry dental implantsIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of temporo mandibular joint diseases.Abdellah Nazeer
This document summarizes radiological imaging techniques for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases. It describes MRI as the best technique for evaluating joint space pathology and CT as best for bony pathology. Various common TMJ disorders are discussed such as internal derangement, arthritis, and traumatic injuries. Types of internal derangement including anterior disc displacement with and without reduction are described. The anatomy and function of the TMJ is outlined along with imaging appearances of various pathologies.
The document provides an introduction to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including its function, features, and classification. It discusses the anatomy and histology of the TMJ structures such as the condyle, articular disc, capsule, and ligaments. The development of the TMJ from fetal stages to adulthood is described. The muscles of mastication - masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid - are outlined along with their origins, insertions, innervation and actions. The document also covers the positions and movements of the mandible as well as some relevant clinical considerations involving the TMJ.
Use of grafts & alloplastic material in maxillofacial traumaDr. SHEETAL KAPSE
The document discusses various graft materials that can be used for head and neck reconstruction. It covers bone grafts, cartilage grafts, muscle grafts, skin grafts, nerve grafts, vessel grafts, fat grafts, and alloplastic graft materials. For each type of graft, it discusses principles of harvesting and placement, as well as outcomes. Regional sites are described for harvesting bone grafts. Principles of skin graft healing and nerve repair techniques are also summarized. Common alloplastic graft materials discussed include silicone, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and high-density polyethylene.
The document discusses one-stage and two-stage implant placement procedures. In a two-stage procedure, implants are placed and submerged under soft tissue and allowed to heal for 2-6 months before being exposed in a second surgery. In a one-stage procedure, the implant or abutment emerges through soft tissue at initial placement. The document outlines the steps for implant site preparation, placement, flap closure, post-operative care, and second-stage exposure surgery in a two-stage approach.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses various disorders that can affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including rheumatoid arthritis, adherences, subluxation, spontaneous dislocation, ankylosis, muscle contracture, coronoid process impedance, and tumors. For rheumatoid arthritis, TMJ involvement occurs in 40-80% of patients and can cause pain, limited opening, and radiographic changes like bone erosion. Subluxation involves sudden forward movement of the condyle during opening while spontaneous dislocation results in an inability to close due to the disc being trapped anteriorly. Ankylosis is a limited mobility condition that can be bony, fibrous, or false and is usually treated with gap arthroplasty.
The document discusses the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including its anatomy, ligaments, muscles, movements, etiology of disorders, diagnosis methods, and treatment approaches. Specifically, it describes the TMJ as a compound joint between the mandible and temporal bone, and notes it contains an articular disc. Diagnosis involves history, range of motion and muscle testing. Treatment is usually initially conservative and reversible, such as with a splint or occlusal adjustment. A case report demonstrates treatment of a patient's TMJ pain with occlusal splint therapy.
The document discusses joint dislocation, including definitions, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, management including closed and open reduction techniques, nursing diagnoses, and nursing care for a patient experiencing a joint dislocation. Joint dislocations are injuries where the ends of bones in a joint are forced from their normal positions, commonly occurring in shoulders, fingers, elbows, knees and hips due to trauma, falls, or motor vehicle accidents.
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS second partshari kurup
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). It defines TMD and covers the functional anatomy, etiology, epidemiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment. For diagnosis, it describes various tests including screening history, load testing, range of motion testing, Doppler analysis, and various radiographic imaging techniques. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying causes, which may include occlusal factors corrected through appliances, selective grinding, or orthodontics, as well as non-occlusal approaches like education, relaxation therapy, and avoidance of micro/macrotrauma.
This document provides an overview of internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It defines internal derangement as an abnormal relationship between the articular disc and condyle. The most common type is anterior disc displacement, which can be with or without reduction. Causes include trauma, functional overloading, joint laxity, and muscle spasms. Symptoms vary depending on the type but may include clicking, limited opening, and pain. Diagnosis involves clinical exams and MRI imaging. Treatment ranges from splint therapy to arthrocentesis or arthroscopy for lavage and relief of adhesions. Arthrocentesis is shown to improve opening and reduce pain by removing inflammatory factors from the
The document defines several medical terms related to spinal cord injury and provides information about the anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord. It then discusses types of spinal cord injuries, diagnostic assessments, management, and nursing care plans. The nursing care plan includes interventions to improve breathing, mobility, skin integrity, bowel and bladder function, and provide comfort. Health teaching aims to prepare patients for independence after discharge.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the jaw to the skull. TMJ disorders are commonly caused by muscular problems or issues with the TMJ elements. Diagnosis involves x-rays or CT/MRI scans of the joint. Conservative treatments include rest, warm compresses, splints, gentle exercises, and injections. More invasive procedures include washing out the joint or cortisone injections. Surgery is a last resort to replace the jaw joints.
Lecture 11 temporomandibular joint Part 3Lama K Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
Dental Students Fifth Year First semester
Lecture Name TMJ temporomandibular joint Part 3
Lecture 11
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
The document discusses internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its management. It defines internal derangement as an abnormal positional relationship between the articular disc and mandibular condyle. The broad etiologic categories resulting in internal derangement are macrotrauma, microtrauma, and systemic arthropathy. Management options include non-surgical, minimally invasive, and surgical treatments. Non-surgical options involve splint therapy, medications, and physical therapy. Minimally invasive options include arthrocentesis, arthroscopy, and injections. Surgical options involve procedures to reposition or replace the disc such as discectomy, disc repair/replacement, and condyl
This document provides information about Achilles tendinopathy, including:
- It is a common overuse injury among athletes and the general public.
- It can be classified based on its location as insertional, non-insertional, or proximal tendinopathy.
- Risk factors include excessive loading, tight calf muscles, foot abnormalities, and medical issues.
- Diagnosis involves physical exams like the Arc sign and imaging like ultrasound or MRI.
- Treatment begins with rest, bracing, eccentric exercises, and other conservative methods, with surgery reserved for severe cases.
This document provides an overview of cervical disc herniation including its definition, causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, stages, diagnosis, treatment options both medical and surgical, potential complications, and the nursing process involved. Cervical disc herniation occurs when the gel-like nucleus pulposus ruptures through the outer disc wall, potentially compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots and causing neck pain radiating into the arm. Risk factors include accidents, strain, congenital deformities, aging, and lifestyle factors. Treatment may involve medications, physical therapy, or surgery such as discectomy or laminectomy. Nursing care focuses on pain management, improving mobility, addressing anxiety, and providing patient education on self-care.
1) Hypermobility of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) refers to excessive translation of the condyle beyond the articular eminence on opening. Subluxation involves reduction of the condyle whereas dislocation prevents reduction.
2) Causes of hypermobility include trauma, connective tissue disorders, internal derangements and occlusal discrepancies. Chronic dislocation can be long-standing, recurrent or habitual.
3) Treatment depends on the severity and chronicity of the condition. More severe or chronic cases may require surgery like eminectomy while milder cases can be managed with exercises, injections or occlusal splints.
FRACTURE PPT (ORTHOPAEDIC) ALL BASIC INFORMATIONBhumikaThakor1
1. A fracture is a disruption of bone continuity that can be complete or incomplete. It is defined by its type and extent.
2. Fractures are commonly caused by trauma or injury to the bone from falls, impacts, or stresses. They are diagnosed through history, physical exam, x-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans.
3. Treatment involves reduction to realign the bone fragments followed by immobilization using casts, splints, traction, or internal/external fixation. Nursing care focuses on pain management, preventing complications, and maintaining function and mobility.
1) Frozen shoulder is characterized by a stiff and painful shoulder with dense capsular adhesions and significant loss of range of motion over 3-4 stages lasting 2-3 years.
2) Symptoms include dull shoulder pain worsened by movement. Examination reveals limited active and passive range of motion in all directions.
3) Treatment includes oral anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy focusing on stretching and range of motion exercises, and sometimes manipulation or surgery.
1. A herniated disc occurs when the soft central portion of an intervertebral disc bulges out beyond the damaged outer rings, most commonly in the lumbar region of the spine.
2. Symptoms vary depending on location but often include back pain radiating into the legs as well as sensory changes and weakness.
3. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy, epidural steroid injections, and surgery if conservative measures fail or neurological deficits are present.
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12. c. Psoriatic arthritis
d. Ankylosing spondylitis
e. Lupus erythematosus
3. Infectious arthritis
4. Metabolic diseases
a. Gout arthritis
b. Chondrocalcinosis
C. Capsulitis/ synovitis
D. Retrodiscitis
E. Fracture
F. Ankylosis
13. G. Developmental disturbances of TMJ
1. Condylar hyperplasia
2. Condylar hypoplasia
3. Condylar aplasia
H. Neoplasia
14. This describes TMD in relation to the progressive
patterns of deformation in specific intracapsular
structures.
This is most practical method for clarifying the exact
conditions.
Stage I….. Normal healthy joint
Stage II… Intermittent click.
Stage III a… lateral pole click.
Stage III b… ….Lateral pole lock.
Stage IV a….Medial pole click.
Stage IV b…. Medial Pole Lock.
Stage V a… Perforation with Acute Degenerative
Joint.
Stage V b… Perforation with Chronic Degenerative
Joint.
19. Disc maintains its position on condyle , due to
morphology and interarticular pressure
If the morphology of disc is altered, the discal
ligaments are elongated , begins to slide.
In resting closed position, the tonicity of the SLP causes
the disc to be forward and medially placed
20. If the pull of the muscle is protracted over time,
The posterior border becomes thinned.
As it thinned, it can be displaced further in
discal space, so that the condyle lies on the
posterior band.
21. Longer the disc is displaced AM ,greater the thinning
of the posterior border, more elongation of discal
ligaments, greater the loss of elasticity in the superior
retrodiscal lamina.
Disc becomes more flatter
Loses its functional positioning ability.
Superior lateral pterygoid encourages anterior migration
of the disc completely thru the discal space.
22. Articular surface are separated.
If it conditions continues, the condyle will be
repositioned on retrodiscal space.
Tissues breakdown occurs leading to tissues
inflammation.
23. DEFINTIVE TREATMENT: refers to methods that are
directed towards controlling / eliminating the cause of
the disorder.
SuppoRTIVE TREATMENT: refers to methods
directed towards altering the symptoms.
24.
25.
26. Negative biofeed back: electrodes are placed on
masseter lead to monitor. The monitoring device
is connected to sounding device, when ever
clenching occurs, the feedback mechanism is
activated & sound is heard.
30. TENS
Neuralogic- pain
inhibition of small C
fibers by forcing the
large myelinated A fibers
to carry light touch
sensation
Physiologic-increasing
the blood circulation
Pharmacologic-by
release of endorphins
Psychologic-Placebo
effect
32. Chronic Tmd often not resolved by simple dental
procedures(occlusal appliance),,,, mostly due to
psychosocial issues.
Dr peter bertrand:
Addressing the pain & fatigue as a physiologic
disturbance in need of correction.
Managing autonomic dysregulation.
Altering dysfunctional breathing.
Improving the sleep.
33. Disc displacement divided in to stages based On signs
symptoms combined with imaging findings
• Anterior disc displacement with reduction (clicking joint)
• Anterior disc displacement without reduction (closed lock)
34.
35.
36.
37. Well informed patient play a significant role
in therapy
Patient should instructed to
- Decrease loading of joint as much as
possible
- Soft food diet
- Slower chewing
- Smaller bites
- Not to allow joint to click
-Not to open his mouth forcefully
If Inflammation is present than NSAIDS.
38. Moist heat or ice.
PSR: Reduces the loading to the joint & generally down
regulate the central nervous system.
39.
40. When the condition is acute, the initial therapy is to
reduce the disc by manual manipulation.(first episode).
Technique for manual manipulation.
First point: The Level of activity in the sup. Lateral
pterygoid muscle …. Relaxed.
Second point: The Disc space must be increased so
that disc can be repositioned .
Third point: The Condyle must be in the maximum
forward position.
41.
42. If the disc is dislocated permanently?????
Patients with disc dislocation should be given a
stabilization appliance that will reduce forces to
retrodiscal tissues.
If this fails than surgical repair.
43. Educating the patient, of the restricted mouth opening,
if attempted than more pain .
Decrease hard biting, gum chewing.
If pain is there than anti-inflammatory drugs.
44.
45. Arthrocentesis coupled with lavage and manipulation
has been the procedure of choice
Joint is anesthetized by LA and the patient is under
conscious sedation, 20-gauge needle is placed in the
upper compartment about 1 cm in front of the ear,
hydraulic pressure is created by injecting about 2ml of
Ringer’s Lactate Solution
The second 20-gauge is placed about 1cm anterior to
the first needle and the joint is irrigated with 50-100ml
of Ringer’s Lactate Solution
46. A single needle is introduced to the joint & fluid can be
forced in to space in an attempt to free articular
surfaces.This is called “Pumping The Joint.”
47.
48. The cannula attached to the rigid arthroscope is
inserted in the upper joint compartment and the
arthroscope is connected to a television camera
equipped with video monitor
The upper joint compartment is thoroughly examined
either directly through ocular or indirectly from the
monitor
The most common procedures performed by
arthroscopy are lysis and lavage
Improvement reported is 73 % to 93 %
49.
50. STAGE OF CONDITIONSTAGE OF CONDITION PROCEDUREPROCEDURE
DISK DISPLACEMENT WITH REDUCTIONDISK DISPLACEMENT WITH REDUCTION
MECHANICALMECHANICAL
INTERFERENCEINTERFERENCE
ARTHROTOMYARTHROTOMY
SMOOTH MOVEMENTSMOOTH MOVEMENT ARTHROTOMYARTHROTOMY
MODIFIED CONDYLECTOMYMODIFIED CONDYLECTOMY
DISK DISPLACEMENT WITHOUT REDUCTIONDISK DISPLACEMENT WITHOUT REDUCTION
ACUTEACUTE ARTHROCENTESIS, LAVAGE ANDARTHROCENTESIS, LAVAGE AND
MANIPULATION, ARTHROSCOPYMANIPULATION, ARTHROSCOPY
WITH LAVAGE, LYSISWITH LAVAGE, LYSIS
CHRONICCHRONIC ARTHROTOMY OR RTHROSCOPYARTHROTOMY OR RTHROSCOPY
WITH LAVAGE, LYSISWITH LAVAGE, LYSIS
DISK DISPLACEMENT WITH PERFORATIONDISK DISPLACEMENT WITH PERFORATION
ARTHROTOMYARTHROTOMY
51.
52.
53.
54.
55. Cause
Created by actual changes in the smooth articular
surface of the joint & disc.
Flattening of the condyle & fossa,
Even bony protuberance on the condyle
Perforation & thinning of the disc.
56.
57. Cause is change in the articular surface so treatment is
to return altered form, surgery.
Various options are:
Bony compatibility smoothed & round the
surface.
If the disc is perforated discoplasty.
58. Most of cases : Education.
Patient will learn a manner of opening & chewing that
minimizes the dysfunction.
59. b.Adherences and Adhesions
Disc to condyle
Disc to fossa
Mechanism
Static loading Exhaustion of weeping lubrication Adherence
Persistent
adherence,hemarthrosis
60. Adherence in superior joint space
Limited to rotation
Adherence freed click may be felt
62. Decrease the loading of the joint
For nocturnal a stabilization appl
For diurnal patient awareness & PSR.
When adhesions , breaking of fibrous attachment is
done arthroscopic surgery.
Diurnal
clenching
nocturnal
63. Adhesions: passive exercises
: ultrasound.
: distraction of the joints.
learn the pattern of opening.
64. It is due to variation in anatomic , with steep short
posterior slope of articular eminence &longer flat
anterior slope.
During the final opening, the condyle can be seen
suddenly jump forward with a Thud sensation.
Pre auricular depression.
No clicking.
68. The main objective of the treatment is to increase the
discal space& allow the superior retrodiscal lamina to
retract the disc.
Forceful closure should be avoided elevator
muscle spasm & aggravate the dislocation.
Reduction should be done.
69. Patient ask to open widely as in yawning, will activate
the mandibular depressors & inhibit the elevators.
At the same time , slight posterior pressure is applied
to the chin will reduce a spontaneous dislocation.
70. If the dislocation is chronic than , patient should be
taught self reduction.
If the condition is intolerable than Eminectomy.
Conservative treatment is botulinum toxin, inject it in
inferior lateral pterygoid bilaterally.
Supportive treatmentSupportive treatment
Prevention , which begin with same supportive therapy
as for subluxation.
Recurrent than self reduction.
72. Clinical characteristics
Capsular ligament can be palpated by finger on lateral
pole.
Limited Mandibular opening.
If the edema is present condyle may be displaced
inferiorly ,disocclusion of ipsilateral posterior teeth
73. When the cause is trauma , the condition is self
limiting ,as trauma is absent.
No definitive treatment for inflammatory condition.
Supportive therapySupportive therapy
o Restrict the movements within painless limits.
o Soft Diet, slow movements & small bites.
o NSAIDS, thermotherapy.
o Ultrasound.
o Acute traumatic injury ,, corticosteroids.
74.
75. Extrinsic Trauma: cause is macro trauma, becoz is
generally not present , no definitive treatment.
Supportive therapy.Supportive therapy.
When acute malocclusion is not evident; than
analgesics , thermotherapy, corticosteroids.
When acute malocclusion is evident , stabilization
appliance for occlusal stability.
76. Cause : intrinsic trauma, like anterior displacement,
treatment is towards the cause.
Supportive therapySupportive therapy
Restricting the use of mandible with in painless limits.
Analgesics ,
Thermotherapy,
Corticosteroids
77. DJD : is also referred to as osteoarthosis, osteoarthritis,
degenerative arthritis, is primarily a disorder of
articular cartilage and subchondral bone, with
secondary inflammation of the synovial fluid .
Body response to increase loading , the articular
surfaces are softened, the subarticular bone begins
to resorb, thin & fibrilation breaks away
during activity.
78. C/f:
Limited mandibular opening
Crepitation
Lateral palpation + manual loading of the condyle
increases the pain .
Radiographs: structural changes in subarticular
surfaces.
79. Decrease the mechanical loading of the joint.
Attempt to correct the condyle- disc relationships.
Since osteoarthritis are associated with chronic
derangements , anterior positioning are not always
helpful.
Stabilization appliance…… muscle hyperactivity.
.
80. Reassurance to the patient.
Anti-inflammatory drugs.
When symptoms are intolerable after 1-2 months of
supportive therapy, single injection of corticosteroid
can be used.
Surgical therapy.
When tmj pain persist r/g changes are, than surgery is
indicated.
An arthroplasty , which removes osteophytes & erosive
products is c/m preferred.
82. Chronic hyperactivity of this muscle can create
tendonitis
C/F : Pain during function .
: Retrorbital pain
Definitive treatment: resting of muscle.
A Stabilization appliance if bruxism.
PSR.
Supportive therapy.
Analgesics if pain .
Ultrasound, thermotherapy.
83.
84. Ankylosis.
Muscle contracture
Coronoid process impedance
The predominant feature of this disorder is inability to
open the mouth to a normal range.
Rarely accompained by painful symptoms.
85. Abnormal immobility of a joint.
Two types : bony
: fibrous.
o A fibrous is common & occur b/w
the condyle & disc or disc & fossa.
o A bony ankylosis occur b/w the
condyle & fossa.
o It is more chronic & extensive.
86.
87. Treatment:Treatment:
If the movements are not restricted than no treatment.
If function is inadequate than surgical.
Arthroscopic surgery.
Surgical removal of osseous bridge
Condylectomy
Osteoarthroplasty (gap arthroplasty)
Interpositional arthroplasty
• Silastic implant, tentalum foil, teflon.
• Ear cartilage graft
• Temporalis muscle flap
88. It is the fibrosis of the ligament, the movement of the
condyle is restricted.
Definitive treatment is contraindicated.
1) The Fibrosis restricts only outer movement & not
functional problem of the patient.
2) becoz surgery can cause this disorder.
Supportive therapySupportive therapy
As it is asymptomatic so no treatment.
89. Is a painless shortening of muscle.
Myostatic
Myofibrotic
Myostatic contracture.
Results when a muscle is kept from fully lengthening
for a prolonged period of time.
Often due to another disorder.
Definitive Treatment:
Disorder should be eliminated.
Than toward lengthening of the muscle.
90. Two types of exercise :
passive stretching
Resistant opening.
91. Occur as result of excessive tissue adhesions within the
muscle or its sheath, which prevents the muscle fibers
from sliding over themselves, disallowing full
lengthening.
C/F: painless limited opening.
Definitive treatmentDefinitive treatment:
The muscles fibers can relax but the muscle length
does not increase. It is permanent.
some elongation can occur by elastic traction.
Surgical detachment & reattachment.
92. It is often difficult to diagnose the two by history &
examination, the key to diagnosis lies in treatment.
When muscle regains muscle length, myostatic
contracture is confirmed.
93.
94. Bone disorders
Muscle disorders.
Bone disorders: Agenesis
: Hypoplasia
: Hyperplasia
: Neoplasia.
95. Enlargement & occasionally deformity of the condylar
head.
Have a secondary effect on mandibular fossa as it
remodels to accommodate.
Etiology:
Overactive cartilage,
Persistent cartilaginous rests
Increasing thickness of entire cartilaginous &
precartilaginous layers.
96.
97. Failure of the condyle to attain normal size.
Condyle is small but condylar morphology is normal.
Inherited or acquired.
Early injury or injury to articular cartilage by birth
trauma or intraarticular inflammatory lesion.
98.
99. Hypotrophy
Hypertrophy
Neoplasia.
The Common characteristic is feeling of muscle
weakness with hypertrophy.
Hypotrophy is difficult to recognize only.
Large masseter in case of hypertrophy.
100. Definitive treatmentDefinitive treatment:
Must be tailored to the patient’s condition.
Treatment is restore the function, while minimizes the
trauma.
When hypertrophy is present secondary to bruxism
than muscle relaxation procedure.