Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869 in India. He studied law in England and South Africa, where he experienced racism and fought for the rights of Indians and South Africans. When he returned to India, he led nonviolent movements to gain independence from British rule through civil disobedience and non-cooperation. Gandhi's philosophy emphasized truth, non-violence, brotherhood, and fearlessness. He believed education's role was to develop character, dignity of labor, leadership skills, and spiritual growth for both individuals and society.