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The document contains 20 questions from a Biology assignment for Class XII. The questions cover a range of topics related to evolution and natural selection including: 1) The period known as the "Age of Reptiles". 2) The species of human most closely related to modern man. 3) An explanation of Stanley Miller's experiment that simulated early Earth conditions to study the formation of organic molecules important for life.
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![Maharaja agarsain public school
Biology,Assignment
Class-XII
1. Which period is called “Age of Reptiles”. [1]
2. Name the speciesof humanbeingswhichismostcloselyrelatedtomodernman.[1]
3. What is “Founder’seffect”?[1]
4. A chimpanzee canholdobjectsbyitshand& an elephantbytrunk.Are these organsAnalogousor
homologous?[2]
5. Differentiate betweenconvergent&divergentevolution?[2]
6 Bringout differencesbetweenDe Vrie’smutationsandDarwinianVariations?[2]
7. State inwhat waysStanleymillersimulatedthe conditionof :- i) Primitive atmosphere onearth.ii)
Energysource at the time of originof life .iii) Formationof organicmolecule of life.[3]
8. What is Biogeography?HowDarwin’sfinchesprovide biogeographical evidenceinfavourof
evolution.[3]
9. Howdid louispasteursuccessfullydemolishthe populartheoryof spontaneousgeneration?[3]
1 0. Studythe figuresgivenbelow&answerthe followingquestion
. i) Under the influenceof whichtype of natural selectionwouldgraph(a) become like graph(b).ii )
What couldbe the likelyreasonof newvariationsarisinginapopulation.iii) Whosuggestednatural
selectionasmechanismof evolution?[3]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/maharajaagarsainpublicschool-150519131351-lva1-app6892/85/Maharajaagarsainpublicschool-1-320.jpg)
![11.When andwhere doesHomohabalisfirstseenonearth?(2)
12.What are the factorsresponsibleforevolutionasperhardyWeinbergprinciple?
13.What isadaptive radition?Howisitrelatedtoconvergentevolution?
14.Explainindustrial melanism?
15.What providedenergyforabioticsynthesisonprimitive earth?[1]
16. Who showedthatlife comesfrompre-existinglife?[1]
17. What ismeantby Gene pool?[1]
18. If you discoveredafossil birdwithscalesonthe body&teethinthe beak.
19. What isspeciation?Listanytwoeventsthatleadto speciation?[2]
20. Trace the importanteventsorstagesof human development?[3]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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1. Evidence from the fossil record shows gradual changes in life forms over billions of years. Comparative anatomy and embryology also provide evidence of common descent.
2. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection proposed that heritable variations arise by mutation and are selected if they confer a survival or reproductive advantage. This results in adaptation and potentially speciation.
3. Modern theories incorporate genetics and show how variation arises from sexual reproduction, mutation, and recombination of genes, and how selection can change allele frequencies to drive evolution or maintain genetic equilibrium.
Unit8: Origin and Evolution of Life
The document summarizes key concepts in the evolution of life. It discusses early theories of spontaneous generation and the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrating organic molecules can form from inorganic precursors. Modern evolutionary theory developed from Darwin's principles of variation within populations, a struggle for existence, and survival of the fittest. Evidence for evolution includes homologous and vestigial structures, transitional fossils, embryological similarities, and molecular comparisons. Present-day evolution theories have expanded on Darwin's work through ideas like punctuated equilibrium, selfish genes, and the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic cells. New species arise through genetic isolation of populations and their gradual differentiation over time. The appearance of human beings is traced from early homin
Unit 9 evolution
The document discusses the history of life on Earth from its origins to early multicellular life. It describes early scientific theories on the beginning of life and experiments providing evidence against spontaneous generation. Modern scientists believe life began through natural chemical reactions forming organic molecules, as supported by the Miller-Urey experiment. Early life was prokaryotic and anaerobic, with eukaryotes and complex cells developing later through endosymbiosis. Fossils provide evidence of the progression and environments of early life. Radiometric dating allows determining the absolute ages of fossils.
document-part- (10).doc
Life is defined as organisms that have organic processes like signaling and self-sustaining mechanisms to distinguish living things from non-living things. There are many forms of life like plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. Biology studies life and some definitions of life include organisms maintaining homeostasis, being made of cells, having a lifecycle, undergoing metabolism, and reproducing. The origin of life is thought to have begun through abiogenesis where non-living matter transitioned into living organisms through increasing complexity over time rather than a single event.
Ncert solutions for class 11 biology
If you look around you will see a large variety of living organisms, be itpotted plants, insects, birds, your pets or other animals and plants. Thereare also several organisms that you cannot see with your naked eye butthey are all around you.
Biology
This document provides the contents page for a biology textbook divided into 5 units covering topics such as diversity in the living world, structural organization in plants and animals, cell structure and functions, plant physiology, and human physiology. The contents include 22 chapters across the 5 units. Some of the chapter topics include biological classification, plant kingdom, animal kingdom, transport in plants, respiration in plants, digestion and absorption. The document also provides brief biographies of two important biologists, Ernst Mayr and Carolus Linnaeus, known for their pioneering work in evolution and biological classification/taxonomy, respectively.
Unit 9 evolution
The document discusses the origins and evolution of life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to present day. It describes early scientific theories on how life began, including spontaneous generation and biogenesis. Miller and Urey's experiment provided evidence that simple organic molecules could form from chemical reactions, and these molecules became the building blocks of cells. Fossil and geological evidence show that early life was prokaryotic and anaerobic, and evolved over billions of years from simple to more complex multicellular forms through natural selection and genetic changes within populations. The fossil record and comparative anatomy provide multiple lines of evidence that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor.
document-part- (6).doc
Life is a property that distinguishes living organisms which have organic processes like signaling and self-sustaining mechanisms from non-living things. There are many forms of life including plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. Biology is the study of life, however there is currently no consensus on a definition of life. One definition is that organisms maintain homeostasis, are composed of cells, have a life cycle involving metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, reproduction, and evolution. Life first appeared on Earth over 4 billion years ago in the form of microorganisms.
AP BIO Evolution and Natural Selection speciation 2.ppt
AP Bio Evolution and Natural Selection and the History of Life: The Stories of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace.
12 biology notes_ch07_evolution
1. Evolutionary biology studies the history of life forms on Earth and how they have changed over time through processes like evolution and natural selection.
2. The origin of life is thought to have begun around 4 billion years ago on the early Earth through chemical evolution. Early Earth conditions allowed simple organic molecules like amino acids and RNA to form.
3. Over millions of years, through gradual processes like mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection, early life forms evolved into diverse organisms, including the first humans which emerged in Africa around 200,000 years ago.
Biological science
The document discusses several key topics related to biology:
1. It outlines various divisions and subfields of biology including cytology, histology, anatomy, physiology, morphology, genetics, embryology, paleontology, evolution, ecology, and taxonomy.
2. It also discusses subfields related to zoology like carcinology, conchology, entomology, and others focused on specific animal groups.
3. Theories on the origin of life are presented, including divine creation, spontaneous generation, marine life, panspermia, and Oparin's physico-chemical theory of chemical evolution from natural reactions on the early Earth.
Importance of the Study of the Biological Aspects of the Individual Related t...
Importance of the Study of the Biological Aspects of the Individual Related to the Capacity of Adaptation of the Human Species
document-part- (9).doc
Life is distinguished from non-living things by biological processes like metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, and response to stimuli. It first appeared on Earth over 3.8 billion years ago in the form of microorganisms. While there is no consensus on a definition, life is generally characterized as open systems that maintain homeostasis, are made of cells, undergo metabolism and reproduction, and evolve over time. Biology studies the diverse forms of life including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.
Chapter%201.1 copy.pptx
This document provides an overview of biology and cells. It discusses that biology is the study of life and living things. It explains that organisms can be unicellular, consisting of only one cell, or multicellular, consisting of many cells. The document also summarizes the cell theory, which states that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells arise from preexisting cells.
An Introduction To Zoology
The document provides an introduction to zoology, discussing several key topics:
- Theories of evolution from scientists like Lamarck and Cuvier are summarized, with Darwin's theory of natural selection identified as the most accurate.
- The complex life cycle of the monarch butterfly is used as an example to illustrate different life cycle stages like egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
- Adaptation strategies animals use to survive harsh environments like the desert and polar regions are outlined.
- The process of mitosis and key differences in replication between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are summarized.
- Homeostatic mechanisms that allow animals to maintain stable body conditions are briefly
Biology 11th-ncert
The document provides an overview of the contents of a biology textbook organized into 5 units covering various topics in biology. Unit 1 discusses diversity in the living world, including chapters on the living world, biological classification, plant kingdom, and animal kingdom. The summary provides the high-level structure and scope of the textbook without extensive detail on the document contents.
document-part- (7).doc
Life is defined as organic processes that distinguish living things from non-living things. There are many forms of life including plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. Biology is the study of life. The earliest life forms on Earth are believed to be bacteria that emerged between 4.28-4.54 billion years ago. Cells are considered the basic structural and functional units of all living things.
Zoology introduction (1)
This document provides information about various topics in zoology including:
1) It outlines four main branches of life science - botany, zoology, genetics, and ecology. Zoology is defined as the science dealing with animals and animal life.
2) It then discusses seven key properties of living systems - chemical uniqueness, complexity/hierarchy, reproduction, genetic programs, metabolism, growth/development, and environmental interaction.
3) It provides an overview of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, including its five major concepts of perpetual change, common descent, multiplication of species, gradualism, and natural selection.
4) It describes several types of zoological research including structural, physiological,
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AP BIO Evolution and Natural Selection speciation 2.ppt
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Importance of the Study of the Biological Aspects of the Individual Related t...
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- 1. Maharaja agarsain public school Biology,Assignment Class-XII 1. Which period is called “Age of Reptiles”. [1] 2. Name the speciesof humanbeingswhichismostcloselyrelatedtomodernman.[1] 3. What is “Founder’seffect”?[1] 4. A chimpanzee canholdobjectsbyitshand& an elephantbytrunk.Are these organsAnalogousor homologous?[2] 5. Differentiate betweenconvergent&divergentevolution?[2] 6 Bringout differencesbetweenDe Vrie’smutationsandDarwinianVariations?[2] 7. State inwhat waysStanleymillersimulatedthe conditionof :- i) Primitive atmosphere onearth.ii) Energysource at the time of originof life .iii) Formationof organicmolecule of life.[3] 8. What is Biogeography?HowDarwin’sfinchesprovide biogeographical evidenceinfavourof evolution.[3] 9. Howdid louispasteursuccessfullydemolishthe populartheoryof spontaneousgeneration?[3] 1 0. Studythe figuresgivenbelow&answerthe followingquestion . i) Under the influenceof whichtype of natural selectionwouldgraph(a) become like graph(b).ii ) What couldbe the likelyreasonof newvariationsarisinginapopulation.iii) Whosuggestednatural selectionasmechanismof evolution?[3]
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