FEATURING THE SUMMARY OF SCIENCE 10 UNIT 3 MODULE 3 GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE THEORIES OF EVOLUTION BIODIVERSITY FOSSILS RELATIVE DATING METHOD RADIOMETRIC DATING METHOD HOMOLOGOUS ANALOGOUS THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION

2. Five types of evidence for
evolution are discussed in this section:
ancient organism remains, fossil layers,
similarities among organisms alive
today, similarities in DNA, and
similarities of embryos. Another
important type of evidence that Darwin
studied and that is still studied and

3. The fossil record provides snapshots of the past that,
when assembled, illustrate a panorama of evolutionary change
over the past four billion years. The picture may be smudged in
places and may have bits missing, but fossil evidence clearly
shows that life is old and has changed over time.

5. Some examples of impressions are the
trace fossils such as footprints, traces, remains
of tunnels left by burrowing organisms,
fossilized excrement's, and the holes made in
shells by parasites. Impressions usually occur in
fine-grained sediment such as clay or silt.

6. A compression fossil is a fossil preserved in
sedimentary rock that has undergone physical
compression. ... Compression fossils are formed
most commonly in environments where fine
sediment is deposited, such as in river deltas,
lagoons, along rivers, and in ponds.

7. ❖An
invertebrate,
it lived in a
shallow
marine
environment
during
Ordovician
and Silurian

8. Crinoids look like
plants but are
actually animals
related to our
modern day
starfish.
They belong to
Phylum

9. Dinosaur
or giant
reptiles
ruled the
earth
during the
Jurassic
Period

10. This fossilized leaf is once
apart of an early vascular plant
during the Carboniferous
Period.

11. Scientists combine several well-
tested techniques to find out the ages of
fossils. The most important are:
Relative Dating, in which fossils and layers
of rock are placed in order from older to younger.
 Radiometric Dating, which allows the
actual ages of certain types of rock to be
calculated.

12.  The geologic
time scale (GTS)
is a system of
chronological
dating that
relates geologica
l strata
(stratigraphy)
to time. It is used
by geologists,
paleontologists,
and other Earth
scientists to

13.  Comparative anatomy is the study
of similarities and differences in
the anatomy of different species. It
is closely related to evolutionary
biology and phylogeny[1] (the evolu
tion of species).

15.  HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES may perform different
functions in the species living in the different
environment, or it may have same origin but different
functions.

16.  ANALOGOUS
STRUCTURES are
structures of
unrelated species
may evolve to look
alike. Analogous
Structure have
similar function but
different origin.

17.  Structures that look similar, but are derived
from convergent evolution, meaning that the two
organisms displaying homoplasy do not share a
common ancestor.
 Instead, they may have evolved in common
environments and the traits arose due to natural
selection.[4] This can be seen most prominently in
species that have camouflage capabilities, like an
insect that can look like a leaf, but has no
photosynthetic capability

18. The presence of homologous structure is a strong
indicator that the organism evolved from common
ancestor. This type of evolution is called DIVERGENT
EVOLUTION.
Convergence is an increase similarities among the
species derived from different ancestors as a result of
similar adaptation to similar environment.
In convergent evolution, analogous structures of
unrelated organisms from different ancestors develop
similar function such as butterfly wings and bird wings.

21.  An embryo is an early stage of development in
organisms.
The embryo of fishes, salamanders, lizards,
birds, cats, and humans are similar during the
first stage of their embryonic development; and
have several homologous structures that are not
present when the organisms are adults
Embryonic
development include stages such as blastula,
gastrula, and organogenesis.
Studies show that species that are closely
related exhibit similar embryonic development.
Even when in the adult stage, the organisms are

23. - was a French scientist who
developed an alternative theory at the
beginning of the 19th century. His
theory centred on two ideas: the law of
use and disuse. the law of inheritance of
acquired characteristics.

24. Lamarck incorporated two ideas into his theory
of evolution, in his day considered to be
generally true. The first was the idea
of use versus disuse; he theorized that
individuals lose characteristics they do not
require, or use, and develop characteristics that
are useful.

25. Lamarckism (or Lamarckian inheritance) is the idea
that an organism can pass on characteristics that it
has acquiredduring its lifetime to its offspring (also
known as heritability ofacquired characteristics or soft
inheritance.

26.  Charles Darwin is often cited as the greatest
biologist in history. His most famous work, On
the Origin of Species, explains the theory of
evolution by natural selection, providing
numerous supporting examples.

27. Darwin’s theory of evolution declared that species survived
through a process called "natural selection," where those
that successfully adapted, or evolved, to meet the changing
requirements of their natural habitat thrived, while those
that failed to evolve and reproduce died off. Through his
observations and studies of birds, plants and fossils, Darwin
noticed similarities among species all over the globe, along
with variations based on specific locations, leading him to
believe that the species we know today had gradually
evolved from common ancestors. Darwin’s theory of
evolution and the process of natural selection later became
known simply as “Darwinism.”