Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a transport method that uses magnetic levitation to move vehicles without touching the ground. With maglev, a vehicle travels along a guideway using magnets to create both lift and propulsion, thereby reducing friction and allowing higher speeds.Maglev trains move more smoothly and more quietly than
wheeled mass transit systems. They are relatively unaffected by
weather. The power needed for levitation is typically not a large percentage of its overall energy consumption;most goes to overcome air resistance (drag), as with other highspeed transport. Maglev trains hold the speed record for rail transportation
Maglev Trains- Train That Fly on the AirOnkar Pawar
Maglev is short for Magnetic Levitation in which trains float on a guide way using the principle of magnetic repulsion. Each magnet has two poles. Now if you play with two magnets, you'll realize that opposite poles attract, whereas similar poles repel. This repulsive property of magnets is used in Maglev trains. However, instead of using permanent magnets, the principle of electromagnetism is used to create strong and large temporary magnets. When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, magnetic field is generated around the coil according to Faraday's laws.
Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a transport method that uses magnetic levitation to move vehicles without touching the ground. With maglev, a vehicle travels along a guideway using magnets to create both lift and propulsion, thereby reducing friction and allowing higher speeds.Maglev trains move more smoothly and more quietly than
wheeled mass transit systems. They are relatively unaffected by
weather. The power needed for levitation is typically not a large percentage of its overall energy consumption;most goes to overcome air resistance (drag), as with other highspeed transport. Maglev trains hold the speed record for rail transportation
Maglev Trains- Train That Fly on the AirOnkar Pawar
Maglev is short for Magnetic Levitation in which trains float on a guide way using the principle of magnetic repulsion. Each magnet has two poles. Now if you play with two magnets, you'll realize that opposite poles attract, whereas similar poles repel. This repulsive property of magnets is used in Maglev trains. However, instead of using permanent magnets, the principle of electromagnetism is used to create strong and large temporary magnets. When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, magnetic field is generated around the coil according to Faraday's laws.
Introduction electrical field of a long straight conductor potential differen...vishalgohel12195
INTRODUCTION ELECTRICAL FIELD OF A LONG STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO CONDUCTOR OF A GROUP OF PARALLEL CONDUCTOR CAPACITANCE OF A TWO WIRE LINE
Introduction
Electric field & potential difference
Potential at a charged conductor in a group of charged conductor
Capacitance of single phase 2 wire transmission line
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel.
Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor.
Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Motors are the "work horses" of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drive systems. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. The motor also has low noise and high efficiency. Other characteristics include excellent "off the line" acceleration, good drive control, good fault tolerance and flexibility in relation to voltage fluctuations.
The front-running motor technologies for HEV applications include PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDC (brushless DC motor), SRM (switched reluctance motor) and AC induction motor.
A main advantage of an electromotor is the possibility to function as generator. In all HEV systems, mechanical braking energy is regenerated.
The maximum operational braking torque is less than the maximum traction torque; there is always a mechanical braking system integrated in a car.
The battery pack in a HEV has a much higher voltage than the SIL automotive 12 Volts battery, in order to reduce the currents and the I2R losses.
Accessories such as power steering and air conditioning are powered by electric motors instead of being attached to the combustion engine. This allows efficiency gains as the accessories can run at a constant speed or can be switched off, regardless of how fast the combustion engine is running. Especially in long haul trucks, electrical power steering saves a lot of energy.
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
Magnetic Levitation is a method by which we can levitated an object with no support, other than magnetic field.
since it is a old theory but there still research is going on in this topic.now it is used in maglev train,maglev bearing and product display purpose.
Introduction to Maglev.
History
Types of Maglev suspension.
EMS
EDS
Concept of superconductivity.
Basic principle of Maglev.
Concept of super conducting magnet.
Gap sensor, Speed ,Noise pollution.
Advantages and Disadvantages.
Application
Future Projects in India.
Conclusion
types of the hybrid vehicle are discussed, series, parallel, complex, series-parallel, micro-hybrid, mild hybrid, full hybrid, and complex hybrid is discussed
Introduction electrical field of a long straight conductor potential differen...vishalgohel12195
INTRODUCTION ELECTRICAL FIELD OF A LONG STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO CONDUCTOR OF A GROUP OF PARALLEL CONDUCTOR CAPACITANCE OF A TWO WIRE LINE
Introduction
Electric field & potential difference
Potential at a charged conductor in a group of charged conductor
Capacitance of single phase 2 wire transmission line
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel.
Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor.
Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Motors are the "work horses" of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drive systems. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. The motor also has low noise and high efficiency. Other characteristics include excellent "off the line" acceleration, good drive control, good fault tolerance and flexibility in relation to voltage fluctuations.
The front-running motor technologies for HEV applications include PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDC (brushless DC motor), SRM (switched reluctance motor) and AC induction motor.
A main advantage of an electromotor is the possibility to function as generator. In all HEV systems, mechanical braking energy is regenerated.
The maximum operational braking torque is less than the maximum traction torque; there is always a mechanical braking system integrated in a car.
The battery pack in a HEV has a much higher voltage than the SIL automotive 12 Volts battery, in order to reduce the currents and the I2R losses.
Accessories such as power steering and air conditioning are powered by electric motors instead of being attached to the combustion engine. This allows efficiency gains as the accessories can run at a constant speed or can be switched off, regardless of how fast the combustion engine is running. Especially in long haul trucks, electrical power steering saves a lot of energy.
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
Magnetic Levitation is a method by which we can levitated an object with no support, other than magnetic field.
since it is a old theory but there still research is going on in this topic.now it is used in maglev train,maglev bearing and product display purpose.
Introduction to Maglev.
History
Types of Maglev suspension.
EMS
EDS
Concept of superconductivity.
Basic principle of Maglev.
Concept of super conducting magnet.
Gap sensor, Speed ,Noise pollution.
Advantages and Disadvantages.
Application
Future Projects in India.
Conclusion
types of the hybrid vehicle are discussed, series, parallel, complex, series-parallel, micro-hybrid, mild hybrid, full hybrid, and complex hybrid is discussed
Magnetic Levitation Train by Shaheen Galgali_seminar report finalshaheen galgali
Magnetic levitation is a highly advanced technology which uses the principle of Electromagnetic suspension & Electrodynamics suspension technology. It has various uses, The common point in all applications is the lack of contact and no friction. This increases efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and increases the useful life of the system. Magnetic levitation is a technique to suspend an object without any support other than that of a magnetic field. There are already many countries that are attracted to maglev system. Many system have been proposed in different parts of the worlds. Maglev can be conveniently considered as a solution for the future needs of the world. This contribution deals with magnetic levitation. An overview of types, principles and working of magnetic levitation is given with the example by train are presented.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
8. 1.Levitation:
In the EMS-attractive system, the electromagnets
which do the work of levitation are attached on the
top side of a casing that extends below and then
curves back up to the rail that is in the center of the
track.
9. The rail, which is in the shape of an inverted T, is aThe rail, which is in the shape of an inverted T, is a
ferromagnetic rail.ferromagnetic rail.
When a current is passed through it, and theWhen a current is passed through it, and the
electromagnet switched on, there is attraction, and theelectromagnet switched on, there is attraction, and the
levitation electromagnets, which are below the rail, raiselevitation electromagnets, which are below the rail, raise
up to meet the rail. The car levitates.up to meet the rail. The car levitates.
10.
11. 2.Propulsion.
A linear electric motor (LEM) is a mechanism which converts
electrical energy directly into linear motion without employing
any intervening rotary components.
Instead of producing rotary torque from a cylindrical machine it
produces linear force from a flat one.
12.
13. 3.3.Lateral guidanceLateral guidance
This is used to keep the train in theThis is used to keep the train in the
centre position.centre position.
The levitation magnets and rail both areThe levitation magnets and rail both are
U-shaped.U-shaped.
The mouths of U faceThe mouths of U face
one another.one another.
14. Types of MAGLeV TRAINsTypes of MAGLeV TRAINs
ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION-ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION-
ATTRACTIVE(EMS).ATTRACTIVE(EMS).
ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION-ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION-
REPULSIVE(EDS).REPULSIVE(EDS).
16. Electromagnets help the train to levitate andElectromagnets help the train to levitate and
they do not propel the train forward.they do not propel the train forward.
EMS system can levitate the train of aboutEMS system can levitate the train of about
1cm.1cm.
Elcetromagnets run along te lenth of theElcetromagnets run along te lenth of the
guideway.guideway.
Max.speed – 500km/hr.Max.speed – 500km/hr.
17. ELECTRODYNAMICELECTRODYNAMIC
SUSPENSIONSUSPENSION
Uses superconductors to levitate as wellUses superconductors to levitate as well
as to propel the train forward.as to propel the train forward.
Levitate about 10cm.Levitate about 10cm.
Max.speed-581km/hr.Max.speed-581km/hr.
RequiresRequires
Retractable wheels at low speed.Retractable wheels at low speed.
Levitates when speed reaches 100km/hr.Levitates when speed reaches 100km/hr.
18. MERITS AND DEMERITS OFMERITS AND DEMERITS OF
EMS & EDSEMS & EDS
SYSTEMSYSTEM
19. MERITS OF ems &eds systemsMERITS OF ems &eds systems
MeritsMerits DemeritsDemerits
EE
MM
SS
1.wheels or secondary propulsion1.wheels or secondary propulsion
required.required.
2.Attain speed-500km/hr.2.Attain speed-500km/hr.
3.Magnetic fields inside & outside3.Magnetic fields inside & outside
the vehicle are less than EDS.the vehicle are less than EDS.
1.Levitation is difficult.1.Levitation is difficult.
2.Vibration issues.2.Vibration issues.
EE
DD
SS
1.Onboard supply.1.Onboard supply.
2.speed-581km/hr.2.speed-581km/hr.
3.Natural stability.3.Natural stability.
1.More the passengers more the1.More the passengers more the
strong magnetic field is required.strong magnetic field is required.
2.Require wheels at low speeds.2.Require wheels at low speeds.
20. COMPARISON WITH AIRCRAFT
Airlines cannot run in all the weather conditions.
Very safe journey compared to Aircraft.
Less fare.
Many maglevs have lift-to-drag ratio that exceed
thatof aircraft.
22. ADVANTAGES OF MAGLEVADVANTAGES OF MAGLEV
TRAINSTRAINS
Maglev uses 30% less energy thanMaglev uses 30% less energy than
a high-speed train.a high-speed train.
The operating costs are reduced.The operating costs are reduced.
Maglev vehicles require no fuel.Maglev vehicles require no fuel.
20 times safer than airlines,20 times safer than airlines,
250 times safer than250 times safer than
conventional railroads,conventional railroads,
700 timessafer than automobile700 timessafer than automobile
travel.travel.
23. APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS............
NASA plans to use magneticlevitation forNASA plans to use magneticlevitation for
launching of space vehicles into low earthlaunching of space vehicles into low earth
orbit.orbit.
The mining industry will also benefit fromThe mining industry will also benefit from
Maglev.Maglev.
There are many more undiscovered apps.There are many more undiscovered apps.
24. ConClusionConClusion
• The Maglev offers a cheap,efficient alternative toThe Maglev offers a cheap,efficient alternative to
current rail system.current rail system.
• A country like INDIA could benefit more if thisA country like INDIA could benefit more if this
were implemented here.were implemented here.