This document provides guidance on APA referencing style, including in-text citations and formatting references. It addresses topics such as using a 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and including a title page, abstract, body, and references section. Examples are provided for citing sources with one, two, or more authors in both in-text citations and the reference list. The reference list is to be organized alphabetically by author's last name.

1. APA REFERENCING :
an introduction
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2. ◦APA formatting
◦In-text citations
◦ References
2

3. Typeface - Times New Roman Font size 12
Line spacing – Double space entire paper
Margins – one inch margin, all sides
paragraphs indented
left indented text
Headings - according to APA heading levels
Letter size paper - 8x11 inches
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4. Four sections of the paper:
Page 1. Title page
Page 2. Abstract
Page 3. Body of paper
New page. References
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5. Less than forty (40) words
Forty and more words
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6. Author’s name in text
Harris (1989) notes, “Children can also
imagine believing something that they
know to be false” (p. 77).
No author’s name in text :
“Children can also imagine believing
something that they know to be false”
(Harris, 1989, p. 77).
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7. Use a block quotation
Indent five spaces
No quotation marks
Double spacing
After block quotation, give citation
information in parentheses ( ) with no
punctuation
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8. Harris (1989) writes,
On the other hand if children really do find
it difficult to recognize ambivalent feelings
they should continue to do so even if all
difficulties of memory and invention are
removed. For example, if they are told about
ambivalent situations rather than asked to
or invent them they should still not recognize
that mixed or opposing feelings would be
provoked. (p. 112)
He then goes on to note….
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9. 9

10. 1. a
2. a
3. Title page, abstract, body, references
4. b
5. A. Mohammed, “, (), p.
6. e
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11. In-Text citations
◦ Author-date system - Within the
text of the paper eg (Surname,year)
References
◦ List of all sources that have been
cited in the paper
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12.  CAPITALS/lower case
 P,u.n;c:t,u:a&t(i)o’n”
 S p a c i n g
 Indentation
 Normal/Italic font
 Order of citation elements
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13. If the author's name is mentioned in the text
Bolter (2001) suggests that…
If the author's name is not mentioned in the text
A recent study (Bolter, 2001) suggests that…
Note: If you cite the same source a second time within a
paragraph, the year of publication may be omitted.
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14. ALWAYS CITE BOTH NAMES
Katzenbach and Smith (1993) define a team…
A team is defined by others (Katzenbach & Smith,
1993) as…
The ampersand (&) is used within parentheses
.
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15. Cite the Secondary Source (the source
you actually read) in the text:
Dunn, Kendrick, and MacNamee (as cited in
Harris, 1989) found that…
Other studies use mothers’ reports to assess
children’s comforting (Dunn, Kendrick, &
MacNamee as cited in Harris, 1989)
15

16. 16

17. 7. c
8. [ ], C. Price, : , .]
9. S. Jairam, Cooper K. , and,
Sooklal 2013
10.K. Smith, and, : , .)
17

18. 18
Only works that you have cited in the text
References on a new page
The References page at the end of your paper
Heading ‘References’ centered at the top of the
page. Do not bold, underline, or use quotation
marks.

19. The ‘References’ are listed in
alphabetical order
The second line is indented 5 spaces
If you have more than one entry by the
same author list by year of publication
with the earliest year first.
19

20. Levine, R.V. (2003). The power of
persuasion: How we’re bought
and sold. Hoboken, NJ: John
Wiley & Sons.
20
Author’s
last name
Initials
Year of
Publication
in
parenthesis
Title
(italicized, with only 1st
word of the title & subtitle
and any proper nouns
capitalized)
Place of
Publishing
or ambiguous
city) State
(to clarify
unfamiliar
Publisher

21. Giancoli, D. C. (2005). Physics: Principles with
applications (6th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey:
Pearson Education.
21

22. Separate two authors by comma and ampersand
Nalluri, C., & Featherstone, R. E. (2001).
Civil engineering hydraulics: Essential
theory with worked examples (4th ed.).
Oxford: Blackwell Science.
22

23. Separate authors by comma
Giesecke, F. E., Mitchell, A., Spencer, H. C., Hill, I.
L., & Novak, J. E. (2009). Technical
drawing. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
23

24. Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA
and the hiring process in organizations.
Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice
and Research, 45(2), 10-36.
24
1st Author’s
surname,
Initial.,
(Year of
Publication)
Article Title.
Page number-
page number.
Journal Title:
Journal
Subtitle,
Volume(number)
2nd
Author’s
surname, Initial.
Ampersand

25. Reference Citation:
Dickstein, R., & Mills, V. (2000). Usability
testing at the University of Arizona Library:
How to let the users in on the design.
Information Technology and Libraries, 19(3),
144 – 151.
25

26. Digital Object Identifier – a unique identifier for digital
intellectual property
Bub, K. L., McCartney, K., & Willett, J. B. (2007).
Behavior problem trajectories and first-grade
cognitive ability and achievement skills: A
latent growth curve analysis. Journal of
Psychology,99(3),
653-670.doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.53
26

27. Reference Citation:
Picon, A. (2004). Engineers and
engineering history: Problems and
perspectives, History and Technology
20 (4),421-436. Retrieved from
Ebscohost database.
27

28. Reference citation:
Trinidad and Tobago-music and
performing arts.(2007). Retrieved
January 14, 2013 from
http://www.smithsonianmag.com
28

29. 29

30. 11. a
12. a
13. e
14. Mills, G. E , a guide… , New Jersey
, Pearson Education
30

31. 31

32. 32

33. url: www.refworks.com
Group Code: RWUTrinidadTobago
Create your own account
Tutorials available on the Refworks website
33

34. -tutorial.aspx
34

35. Any questions?
See you at the library soon…
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