The document discusses broadband evolution and spectrum challenges. It provides an overview of du's broadband portfolio including fixed wireless broadband, HSPA+, and LTE technologies. Key points include du being the first in the UAE to deploy DC-HSPA+ nationwide. The document also discusses evolutions in fixed wireless broadband using OFDM technology, enhancements to HSPA+ through MIMO and dual carrier implementations, and du's LTE deployment strategy focusing on improved peak rates, coverage, and average throughput compared to HSPA.
In 2002, Liberty Technologies, then exclusively an infrastructure provider to ISPs in Panama, was assigned a portion of the 3.5-GHz spectrum by the Panamanian government. Liberty launched a residential network service based on Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) wireless networking technology. The company determined that deploying a wired or cable service would be prohibitively expensive and would not allow for a competitively priced broadband service. Instead, a wireless network could be deployed quickly and inexpensively and had a promising future as a WAN access technology.
This presentation is based on the book "Building the Mobile Internet", the central theme being that the lack of a true session layer in the TCP/IP stack causes problems with mobility. The presentation addresses different ways of dealing with that problem on the various layers of the TCP/IP stack.
In 2002, Liberty Technologies, then exclusively an infrastructure provider to ISPs in Panama, was assigned a portion of the 3.5-GHz spectrum by the Panamanian government. Liberty launched a residential network service based on Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) wireless networking technology. The company determined that deploying a wired or cable service would be prohibitively expensive and would not allow for a competitively priced broadband service. Instead, a wireless network could be deployed quickly and inexpensively and had a promising future as a WAN access technology.
This presentation is based on the book "Building the Mobile Internet", the central theme being that the lack of a true session layer in the TCP/IP stack causes problems with mobility. The presentation addresses different ways of dealing with that problem on the various layers of the TCP/IP stack.
A ‘Baseband’ Network is one in which the cable or other network medium can carry only a single signal at any one time.
A ‘Broadband’ network on the other hand can carry multiple signals simultaneously, (using a discrete part of the cables bandwidth for each signal.)
As an example of broadband network, consider the cable television service that you probably have in your home. Although only one cable runs at your TV, it supplies you with dozens of channels of programming at the same time.
The DA LTE & WiMAX Indoor modem is a part of Greenpacket’s
portfolio of a whole new vision of next generation 4G network
access device. It is the industry’s first complete 4G WiMAX and
LTE TDD Indoor Integrated Access Device (IAD) solution.
It focuses on features that matter most to operators with the
users in mind, equipped with the latest 4G ecosystem features,
engineered with state-of-the-art technologies and built with
Wi-Fi and VoIP functionality, the DA serves as a complete home
network access power house perfect for both wireless
broadband service providers transitioning from 4G WiMAX to
LTE TDD or converged carriers operating a 4G WiMAX and LTE
TDD network.
Network Configuration Example: Configuring Service Provider Wi-FiJuniper Networks
This document presents configuration examples for mobile and fixed-line service providers
to use wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) 802.11 to offload mobile data traffic from the macro cellular
network. It also presents step-by-step procedures for configuring the Juniper Networks’
service provider Wi-Fi solution and individual network elements to simultaneously deliver
both open Wi-Fi access (with a captive portal) as well as secure Wi-Fi access (with
EAP-based authentication).
The MP.11 series has enabled municipalities and service providers to bridge the digital divide, increase productivity, cut network costs, and create new business opportunities – all through advanced broadband wireless networking.
Overview presentation I gave back in Nov '03 summarizing some key broadband technologies and related investment strategies. Reflects much of my activity from 2001-2005 that generated 6 venture investment exits and 50%+ IRR.
Millimeter waves is considered as a key enabling technology for the future wireless networks, 5G network.
To that end, these simple slides go further in the motivation, characteristics, applications, and many others related to the mmWaves.
enjoy .. :)
The expanding role of LTE Advanced, delivering new, transformative technologies that go well beyond faster peak data rates. These new technologies include introducing LTE-M for efficient machine-type communications, expanding LTE Direct device-to-device capabilities and use cases, empowering new services-such as LTE Ultra-Low Latency, and also driving convergence of traditionally disparate networks, spectrum types, and deployment models-such as LTE and Wi-Fi Convergence. Realizing a new connectivity paradigm with LTE Advanced-trailblazing the path to 5G!
A ‘Baseband’ Network is one in which the cable or other network medium can carry only a single signal at any one time.
A ‘Broadband’ network on the other hand can carry multiple signals simultaneously, (using a discrete part of the cables bandwidth for each signal.)
As an example of broadband network, consider the cable television service that you probably have in your home. Although only one cable runs at your TV, it supplies you with dozens of channels of programming at the same time.
The DA LTE & WiMAX Indoor modem is a part of Greenpacket’s
portfolio of a whole new vision of next generation 4G network
access device. It is the industry’s first complete 4G WiMAX and
LTE TDD Indoor Integrated Access Device (IAD) solution.
It focuses on features that matter most to operators with the
users in mind, equipped with the latest 4G ecosystem features,
engineered with state-of-the-art technologies and built with
Wi-Fi and VoIP functionality, the DA serves as a complete home
network access power house perfect for both wireless
broadband service providers transitioning from 4G WiMAX to
LTE TDD or converged carriers operating a 4G WiMAX and LTE
TDD network.
Network Configuration Example: Configuring Service Provider Wi-FiJuniper Networks
This document presents configuration examples for mobile and fixed-line service providers
to use wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) 802.11 to offload mobile data traffic from the macro cellular
network. It also presents step-by-step procedures for configuring the Juniper Networks’
service provider Wi-Fi solution and individual network elements to simultaneously deliver
both open Wi-Fi access (with a captive portal) as well as secure Wi-Fi access (with
EAP-based authentication).
The MP.11 series has enabled municipalities and service providers to bridge the digital divide, increase productivity, cut network costs, and create new business opportunities – all through advanced broadband wireless networking.
Overview presentation I gave back in Nov '03 summarizing some key broadband technologies and related investment strategies. Reflects much of my activity from 2001-2005 that generated 6 venture investment exits and 50%+ IRR.
Millimeter waves is considered as a key enabling technology for the future wireless networks, 5G network.
To that end, these simple slides go further in the motivation, characteristics, applications, and many others related to the mmWaves.
enjoy .. :)
The expanding role of LTE Advanced, delivering new, transformative technologies that go well beyond faster peak data rates. These new technologies include introducing LTE-M for efficient machine-type communications, expanding LTE Direct device-to-device capabilities and use cases, empowering new services-such as LTE Ultra-Low Latency, and also driving convergence of traditionally disparate networks, spectrum types, and deployment models-such as LTE and Wi-Fi Convergence. Realizing a new connectivity paradigm with LTE Advanced-trailblazing the path to 5G!
This second webinar discusses LTE Air Interface, the link between a mobile device and the network, and a fundamental driver of the quality of the network.
GSM will continue to play a vital role beyond 2020 given its advantages in coverage, number of subscribers, low-cost terminals, roaming and M2M.
Read more:
http://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/telecom-operators/gsm-thin-layer
In this video, I will explain what is QAM modulation and what is 16QAM.
QAM Stands for Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. QAM is both an analog and a digital modulation method. But here, we are only talking about QAM as a digital modulation.
Quadrature means that two carrier waves are being used, one sine wave and one cosine wave. These two waves are out of phase with each other by 90°, this is called quadrature.
At the receiving end, the sine and cosine wave can be decoded independently, this means that by using both a sine wave and a cosine wave, the communication channel's capacity is doubled comparing to using only one sine or one cosine wave. That is why quadrature is such a popular technique for digital modulation.
QAM modulation is a combination of Amplitude Shift Keying and Phase Shift Keying, both carrier wave is modulated by changing both its amplitude and phase. As shown in this 8QAM waveform, the top is the sine wave carrier, for bit 000, the sin wave has a phase shift of 0°, and an amplitude of 2. While for bit 110, the phase shift is 180°, and the amplitude now is 1. So both phase and amplitude are changed.
In 16QAM, the input binary data is combined into groups of 4 bits called QUADBITS.
As shown in this picture, the I and I' bits are sent to the sine wave modulation path, and the Q and Q' bits are sent to the cosine wave path. Since the bits are split and sent in parallel, so the symbol rate has been reduced to a quarter of the input binary bit rate. If the input binary data rate is 100 Gbps, then the symbol rate is reduced to only 25 Gbaud/second. This is the reason why 16QAM is under hot research for 100Gbps fiber optic communication.
The I and Q bits control the carrier wave's phase shift, if the bit is 0, then the phase shift is 180°, if the bit is 1, then the phase shift is 0°.
The I' and Q' bits control the carrier wave's amplitude, if bit is 0, then the amplitude is 0.22 volt, if the bit is 1, then the amplitude is 0.821 volt.
So each pair of bits has 4 different outputs. Then they are added up at the linear summer. 4X4 is 16, so there is a total of 16 different combinations at the output, that is why this is called 16QAM.
This illustration shows an example of how the QUADBIT 0000 is modulated onto the carrier waves.
Here I and I' is 00, so the output is -0.22 Volt at the 2-to-4-level converter, when timed with the sine wave carrier, we get -0.22sin(2πfct), here fc is the carrier wave's frequency. QQ' is also 00, so the other carrier wave output is -0.22cos(2πfct).
Here is the proof that quadbit 0000 is modulated as a sine wave with an amplitude of 0.311volt and a phase shift of -135°. You can now pause for a moment to study the proof.
This list shows the 16QAM modulation output with different amplitude and phase change for all 16 quadbits. On the right side is the constellation diagram which shows the positions of these quadbits on a I-Q diagram.
You can visit FO4SALE.com f
a collection of Green Packet's case studies for the modems used in various scenarios and countries, leading to the success of the wimax service providers there.
The DA LTE & WiMAX Indoor modem is a part of Greenpacket’s
portfolio of a whole new vision of next generation 4G network
access device. It is the industry’s first complete 4G WiMAX and
LTE TDD Indoor Integrated Access Device (IAD) solution.
It focuses on features that matter most to operators with the
users in mind, equipped with the latest 4G ecosystem features,
engineered with state-of-the-art technologies and built with
Wi-Fi and VoIP functionality, the DA serves as a complete home
network access power house perfect for both wireless
broadband service providers transitioning from 4G WiMAX to
LTE TDD or converged carriers operating a 4G WiMAX and LTE
TDD network.
Head to Head - The Battle between the Bellheads and the Netheads for control ...Pieter Geldenhuys
Part 1: When the infrastructure is ubiquitous and operates as a utility, like water or electricity, we will move beyond the current paradigm of cyberspace. What happens when information and knowledge are accessible to all who choose to look? What happens when eBusiness, eHealth and eLiteracy have become an invisible normality? What happens after the Ubiquitous Internet has irreparably changed our very understanding of the world we live in? A new Digital Value Chain will be required when the Netheads and Bellheads pit their business models against each other in an epic battle where the only winner is bound to be the consumer. Who will find the right balance between the investments required to support the infrastructure and the money that inevitably will flow to edge of the network where the intelligence and power resides?
THIS IS A PRESENTATION PREPARED BY ME AND MY PARTENER AS A CLASS PROJECT..DONT RATE IT VERY HIGH MYSELF COZ DID NOT SPENT MUCH TIME ON IT..BUT WIL WORK JUST FINE..DATA AVAILABLE WERE LATEST AND WE DID PUT AN EFFORT :)..
NO PDF BUT PPT FORMAT COZ DONT WANT TO TAKE CREDIT JUST HELP FELLOW STUDENTS...A THNX WUD DO....:)..IF U DONT LIKE THEN ALSO SAY..I'LL APPRECIATE IT
Sample-by-sample and block-adaptive robust constant modulus-based algorithmsDr. Ayman Elnashar, PhD
In this study, a robust sample-by-sample linearly constrained constant modulus algorithm (LCCMA) and a robust adaptive block-Shanno constant modulus algorithm (BSCMA) are developed. The well-established quadratic inequality constraint approach is exploited to add robustness to the developed algorithms. The LCCMA algorithm is implemented using a fast steepest descent adaptive algorithm, whereas the BSCMA algorithm is realised using a modified Newton’s algorithm without the inverse of Hessian matrix estimation. The developed algorithms are exercised to cancel the multiple access interference in a loaded direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) system. Simulations are presented in a rich multipath environment with a severe near-far effect to evaluate the robustness of the proposed DS/CDMA detectors. Finally, a comprehensive comparative analysis between the sample-by-sample and block-adaptive constant modulus-based detectors is presented. It has been demonstrated that the developed robust BSCMA detector offers rapid convergence speed and very low computational complexity, whereas the developed robust LCCMA detector engenders about 5 dB improvement in the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio over the BSCMA detector.
A novel low computational complexity robust adaptive blind multiuser detector, based on the minimum output energy (MOE) detector with multiple constraints and a quadratic inequality (QI) constraint is developed in this paper. Quadratic constraint has been a widespread approach to improve robustness against mismatch errors, uncertainties in estimating the data covariance matrix, and random perturbations in detector parameters. A diagonal loading technique is compulsory to achieve the quadratic constraint where the diagonal loading level is adjusted to satisfy the constrained value. Integrating the quadratic constraint into recursive algorithms seems to be a moot point since there is no closed-form solution for the diagonal loading term. In this paper, the MOE detector of DS/CDMA system is implemented using a fast recursive steepest descent adaptive algorithm anchored in the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure with multiple constraints and a QI constraint on the adaptive portion of the GSC structure. The Lagrange multiplier method is exploited to solve the QI constraint. An optimal variable loading technique, which is capable of providing robustness against uncertainties and mismatch errors with low computational complexity is adopted. Simulations for several mismatch and random perturbations scenarios are conducted in a rich multipath environment with near–far effect to explore the robustness of the proposed detector.
3. du Broadband Portfolio
du Fixed network
Nationwide Mobile Broadband LTE Evolution
Services
HSPA+/DC-HSPA+ (42Mbps)*
Fixed xDSL & Fiber
‘Ultra Broadband’
Wide Area
Broadband
Mobile
2G 2.5G 3G 3.X G
everywhere
du WiMAX network for
Coverage/Mobility
FDD & TDD the Dubai Metro**
802.16e
Local Area Metro Area
du UAE Nationwide TDD
Fixed Wireless Nomadic
Mobile Network WiMAX du outdoor Mesh-
WiFi
802.16d
WiMax in 3.5GHz for Outdoor
small SME Mesh
WiFi
Fixed Wireless Broadband 802.11b/a/g/n
services using OFDM (PTP &
PTMP) high capacity Links with up
to 300Mbps for SME and
du WiFi
Enterprise customers
Hotspots
Data Speeds (Kbps) Fixed Wireless
* Du is the 1st in UAE to deploy the DC-HSPA+ nationwide and UAE is the 6th
nation globally to deploy this technology thanks to du.
**Winner of 2009 most innovative mobility project by Cisco Networkers
3
5. Fixed Wireless Broadband Evolution using state of the
art OFDM technology: New Features
Up to 300Mbps in 40MHz TDD channel using MIMO 2x2
with cross-polarization which means Spectral efficiency of
6+ bit/Hz/s.
Support of 4.9 – 6.0 GHz in one radio.
Dynamic TDD: Adjusts the uplink/ downlink ratio based on
traffic demand.
Low Latency (<2ms in PTP, <7ms in PMP)
Extended range up to 120 Km
Support of AES 128 and AES 256 encryption for reliable and
secure communications.
Self-synchronizing or time synchronization without GPS.
Autobitrate (Automatic Rate Control) Functionality or
Hitless ACM with error-free operation.
5
6. Point-to-Point with Double
Stream MIMO (near to the BTS)
Different data is sent separately over two polarizations
resulting in higher radio efficiency
Vertical Vertical
Polarization Polarization
Backhaul Backhaul
Horizontal Horizontal
Polarization Polarization
6
8. HSPA+ Evolution
84M
Single Carrier – 5MHz Dual Carrier – 10MHz
56M
42M 42M
28M 28M
21M
14.4M
HSDPA 64QAM MIMO 64QAM+MIMO DC DC+64QAM DC+MIMO DC+MIMO+64QAM
HSPA+ Improves Peak Rates while providing Higher QoS and Customer Loyalty
8
9. DC-HSPA+: Improve Data Rates
Use 2 adjacent carriers to
transmit simultaneously data to
the same user
Dual cells covers the same
geographical area
Anchor Carrier
5MHz 5MHz
Frequency 1
Supplementary Carrier
Frequency 2 frequencey1 frequencey2 f
Two frequencies are
Downlink peak rate adjacent
double 28.8M/42Mbps
Full use of the two cells resource by Joint Scheduling and Load Balance
9
10. HSPA+ Evolutions: MIMO vs. DC
Criteria/Evolution DC MIMO
Peak Rate 42Mbps in 10Mhz band 42Mbps in 5Mz band
Coverage Performance Better --
Throughput Performance -- Slightly Better
Latency Performance Better --
Service Type (Full Buffer) -- Better
Service Type (Burst) Better --
CAPEX Investment Low High
DC introduces high improvement at the user level;
while MIMO introduces little improve at the cell level;
10
14. Why OFDM/SC-FDMA
The main advantage of OFDM, as is for SC-FDMA, is its
robustness against multipath signal propagation, which makes
it suitable for broadband systems compared to TDMA/CDMA
techniques.
SC-FDMA brings additional benefit of low peak-to-average
power ratio (PAPR) compared to OFDM making it suitable for
uplink transmission by user-terminals to extend battery life.
OFDM can also be viewed as a multi-carrier system but each
subcarrier is usually narrow enough that multipath channel
response is flat over the individual subcarrier frequency range,
i.e. frequency non-selective (i.e., flat fading) and hence
receiver design is very simple.
In other words, OFDM symbol time is much larger than the
typical channel dispersion. Hence OFDM is inherently
susceptible to channel dispersion due to multipath propagation.
14
15. Interference Management in LTE
Site1
Sector 1 • Inter-site (UL)
Sector 2
ICIC in frequency domain: In the edge of the
Sector 3
site, the bandwidth is divided into 3 pieces,
and each site use a piece; In the center of
Site2
the site, the left bandwidth can be used;
Site3
• Intra-site (UL)
ICIC in time domain: adjacent cells use
Uplink different subframe; as show in the Figure,
yellow zone use odd subframe, while light
blue zone use even subframe.
• Inter/Intra-site (DL)
Cell edge: frequency division, separated by
transmit power
Cell central: all bandwidth are transmitted.
Control coverage to reduce interference
Downlink
15
16. MIMO: the Key to Improve Cell Throughput
1x2 SIMO
eNodeB UE 1
2x2 MIMO
eNodeB UE 1
In typical urban area:
15%~28% gain over SIMO @ Macro
~50% gain over SIMO @ Micro
16
17. LTE RAN Performance: Simulations Results
Peak Cell/User Throughput Average Cell throughput
Peak Throughput LTE FDD 20 MHz Average cell Throughput LTE FDD
Mbps
MBps/s 20 MHz Downlink
326 70
Downlink Average cell throughput
Spectral efficiency in Bps/s/Hz
300 60 57 3
Spectrum Efficiency
50
200 173 39
40 2
Uplink 33
86 30
100 58 20 1
10
0
1X2 UL 1X2 UL MIMO MIMO 0 0
16 QAM 64 QAM 2x2 DL 4x4 DL MIMO 2x2 MIMO 4x2 MIMO 4x4
Ultra-Low Latency
End-to-end RTT 13 ms
Handover interruption 12-19 ms
Connection Setup 52 - 82 ms
Delay to access a 60kByte
w eb page (from Idle)
300 ms
17
18. Antennas Separation and Guard Band
Requirement for Co-Existing System
Horizontal Distance: 0.5m 2/3G band x
Vertical Distance: 0.2m
LTE band x
2/3G band x LTE band x
Horizontal 0.5m or vertical 0.2m antennas separation is the minimum requirement
Guard band Requirement for Co-existing Systems ( MHz )
System Standards LTE Bandwidth
Co-existing Systems
LTE Other system 5MHz 10MHz 15MHz 20MHz
LTE1800 + GSM1800 protocol protocol 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
LTE2100 + UMTS2100 protocol protocol 0.33 0.08 0.17 0.42
LTE Band X + LTE Band Y protocol protocol 0 0 0 0
LTE FDD + LTE TDD protocol protocol 10 10 10 10
18
20. HSPA+ vs. LTE
HSPA+ LTE
172Mbps@20Mhz (2x2)
Peak Rate 84Mbps@10MHz
326.4Mbps@20MHz(4x4)
Spectrum Efficiency 8.4bps/Hz (Peak for DC+ MIMO
8.6bps/Hz (Peak for 2x2 MIMO)
(Peak) + 64QAM)
Spectrum Efficiency 1.717/0.99 (2x2 MIMO)
(Average cell 1.424/0.6 (MIMO+64QAM) 20% improvement in DL
throughput) (DL/UL) 65% improvement in the UL
Transmission
Full system bandwidth Variable up to full system bandwidth
bandwidth
Ideal for MIMO due to signal
Requires significant computing
representation in the frequency
power due to signal being
Suitability for MIMO domain and possibility of narrowband
defined in the time domain and
(i.e., MIMO Gain) allocation to follow real-time variations
on top of spreading (frequency
in the channel
selective channel)
(Frequency nonselective channel) 20