Qualcomm is elevating its role as a market leader by bringing breakthrough concepts to LTE’s evolution. We believe that the next significant performance leap will come from heterogeneous networks, or HetNets, which bring the network closer to the user through low-power nodes such as pico and femto-cells. LTE Advanced uses adaptive interference management techniques to further improve the capacity and coverage of these HetNets. There by, ensuring fairness among users and an enhanced mobile experience, especially for those users at the cell edge. LTE Advanced also introduces multicarrier to leverage ultra wide bandwidths up to 100 MHz, supporting very high data rates.
Qualcomm is elevating its role as a market leader by bringing breakthrough concepts to LTE’s evolution. We believe that the next significant performance leap will come from heterogeneous networks, or HetNets, which bring the network closer to the user through low-power nodes such as pico and femto-cells. LTE Advanced uses adaptive interference management techniques to further improve the capacity and coverage of these HetNets. There by, ensuring fairness among users and an enhanced mobile experience, especially for those users at the cell edge. LTE Advanced also introduces multicarrier to leverage ultra wide bandwidths up to 100 MHz, supporting very high data rates.
LTE & Wi-Fi: Options for Uniting Them for a Better User ExperienceAricent
Most national governments consider the radio spectrum a valuable national resource and heavily regulate its commercial use. Governments typically auction off licenses for the right to transmit over a portion of the spectrum, which can be very expensive. The traditional business model for cellular
carriers is based on access to this licensed business has coalesced worldwide around a single 4th generation (4G) radio technology standard called Long Term Evolution, commonly referred to as LTE.
The evolution of mobile networks to 4G technologies, and primarily LTE, sets additional requirements and challenges for operator backhaul networks. The selection of flexible and future-proof microwave backhaul technologies is of paramount importance. Maravedis and Intracom wireless experts present critical trends in backhaul technologies and markets.
Convergence of digital information has been initiated a couple decades ago. Practically, almost all networks have now been utilising Internet Protocol. However, networks, applications, and contents managements vary by the nature of service types: IMS, SDP, IPTV, etc. Should another convergence be arranged to unify the management of the entire network for optimal results?
LTE & Wi-Fi: Options for Uniting Them for a Better User ExperienceAricent
Most national governments consider the radio spectrum a valuable national resource and heavily regulate its commercial use. Governments typically auction off licenses for the right to transmit over a portion of the spectrum, which can be very expensive. The traditional business model for cellular
carriers is based on access to this licensed business has coalesced worldwide around a single 4th generation (4G) radio technology standard called Long Term Evolution, commonly referred to as LTE.
The evolution of mobile networks to 4G technologies, and primarily LTE, sets additional requirements and challenges for operator backhaul networks. The selection of flexible and future-proof microwave backhaul technologies is of paramount importance. Maravedis and Intracom wireless experts present critical trends in backhaul technologies and markets.
Convergence of digital information has been initiated a couple decades ago. Practically, almost all networks have now been utilising Internet Protocol. However, networks, applications, and contents managements vary by the nature of service types: IMS, SDP, IPTV, etc. Should another convergence be arranged to unify the management of the entire network for optimal results?
This paper provides a high-level comparison
between LTE and WiMAX. The focus is on two primary areas: System Architecture and Physical Layer. The System Architecture describes the different functional elements in LTE and WiMAX and attempts to map similar functionality (such as mobility, security, access-gateway). We also compare and contrast the various aspects (such as transmission modes, duplexing types) of the physical layer.
A presentation made at A 2-day Annual Symposium, organized by Electrical/Electronic Engineering Department, FUTO, at School of Engineering and Engineering Technology (SEET) Complex Auditorium, FUTO, Imo State. (August 18, 2016)
An introduction to the 4th generation of mobile phone mobile communications standard and comparison with previous standards.
Prepared for Computer Network & Database Administration course.
Presented at Multimedia University, Malaysia by Ali Mohammad Hossein Zadeh, 2011.
5 G SYSTEMS IS THE FUTURE WILL BE FAST WITH UNIMAGINABLE SPEED AND WITH LOTS OF SERVICES.Though 5G is still in development stage it has lots of promising features that will definitely change our future. For this data hungry and speed loving generation 5G will definitely be the hottest technology and it will certainly make our future really exciting. In this article we will see how the mobile networks have evolved and what will be the future of mobile network and of course about 5G network.
The essential role of Gigabit LTE and LTE Advanced Pro in the 5G WorldQualcomm Research
As the next phase in the evolution of LTE (3GPP Release 13 and beyond), LTE Advanced Pro does more than just push LTE capabilities closer towards 5G. It will also become an integral part of the 5G mobile network, providing many services essential to the 5G experience starting day one. Learn more at: https://www.qualcomm.com/invention/technologies/lte/advanced-pro
A complete description of long term evolution including lte advanced. Study includes technical, services and strategic marketing information and gives a thorough overall picture of the technology and business.
1. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
UMTS vs. LTE: a comparison overview
Unik4230: Mobile Communications
Khai Vuong
May 16, 2011
2. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
Agenda
3GPP
Network Architecture
UMTS
LTE
Radio Access Technologies
WCDMA
OFDMA
Discussion
3. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
1
3GPP Standards (I)
3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership Project
Version Released Info
Release 98 1998 specified pre-3G GSM network
Release 99 2000 Q1 specified the first version of UMTS, in-
corporating a CDMA air interface
Release 4 2001 Q2 aka. Release 2000, added all-IP Core
Network
Release 5 2002 Q1 introduced IMS and HSDPA
Release 6 2004 Q4 integrated operation with Wireless LAN
networks and added HSUPA, MBMS,
enhancements to IMS
1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP
4. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
2
3GPP Standards (II)
Version Released Info
Release 7 2007 Q4 decreasing latency, improvements
to QoS and real-time applications,
HSPA+ , NFC, EDGE Evolution.
Release 8 2008 Q4 First LTE release. All-IP Network
(SAE), new OFDMA, FDE and MIMO
based radio interface.
Release 9 2009 Q4 SAES Enhancements, Wimax and
LTE/UMTS Interoperability
Release 10 2011 Q1 LTE advanced
2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP
5. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
3
3GPP data evolution
3
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009
6. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
User experience
Type of services UMTS LTE
Web surfing 8 seconds immediately
Download 5MB music 3 minutes 1 second
Download 750MB movie 6.5 hours 2.5 minutes
Download HD video ∼2-3 days ∼15 minutes
√ √
Video telephony
√ √
Corporate VPN, Intranet
√ √
Mobile TV
√
On-demand TV
√
Video-based mobile advertising
√
...
Table: Data services4
4
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009
7. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
Services for telecommunication systems
1. Teleservice: Information that transfered between end users,
e.g speech service, messaging, emergency calls.
2. Bearer service: Different QoS classes for various type of
traffic:
• Conversasional: voice, video, telephony, video gaming
• Streaming: multimedia, video on-demand, webcast
• Interactive: web browsing, network gaming, database access
• Background: email, SMS, downloading
8. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
UMTS objectives
1. improvement in data performance, multimedia services and
access to the Internet
2. new radio interface WCDMA
3. Core Network: connection function
9. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
Core Network for UMTS
• MSC:Mobile switching center, switch the CS transactions
• GMSC: Gateway MSC: a switch that connects the UMTS PLMN to the external
CS networks.
• SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node, similar to MSC/VLR but this is for PS
traffic.
• GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node, similar to GMSC but it serves for the PS
traffic.
10. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
5
LTE’s objectives
1. higher data rates in both downlink and uplink transmission
2. reduce packet latency, more responsive user experience
3. flat architecture: IP-based, open interfaces, simplified network
4. flexible radio planning and high spectral efficiency
5. reduce delivery costs for rich communications
6. long-term revenue stability and growth
7. coexistence alongside circuit switched networks
5
UMTS Forum 2008
11. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
Why LTE?6
GSM EDGE WCDMA HSPA LTE
Non-3GPP technologies
Figure: Flexible upgrade path
Figure: Reduce pris per MB to
remain profitable
6
Nokia Siemens Networks
12. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
UMTS vs. LTE Architecture
7
Figure: Network architecture, simplified
LTE: simplified IP flat architecture
• BSC/RNC disappeared, functions transfer to eNodeB
• All eNodeB connect directly through X2 interface
• PS service only, voice over IP.
7
Image courtesy: UMTS Forum 2008
13. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
8
LTE’s interfaces: S1 and X2
• X2: connects eNodeB
• MME (Mobility
Management Entity):
distribution of paging
message to eNodeB
• UPE (User Plan Entity): IP
header compression,
encryption of user data
stream, termimating and
• S1: self-optimizing network switching of U-plane
8
Image courtesy: developer.att.com
15. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
CDMA: Principles
• each user is assigned a spreading code for encoding it’s data
• Receiver knows the code of user, it can decode the received
signal, recover the original data
• Bandwidth of coded data signal much larger than original
data signal due to the encoding process spreads the spectrum
of the origianl signal, based on spread-spectrum modulation
16. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
WCDMA in UMTS [4]
• Direct Sequence CDMA system, with chip-rate 3.84 Mc/s
• Combined with FDMA: every carrier is allocated 5 MHz
frequency band so that many operators can provide services
without interference each other.
• Codes: scrambling and channelization
Channelization: seperates Scrambling codes: not
traffic to and from different increase bandwidth, but is
users, called Orthogonal used for distinguishing
Variable Spreading Factor terminals in uplink and
(OVSF) which varies from 1 sectors (cells) in downlink
to 128
17. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
LTE’s downlink: OFDMA
OFDM: Multiple access scheme,
allows simultaneous connections
to/from multiple mobile
terminals
Users share different subcarriers,
either consecutive or distributed
manner.
18. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
LTE’s uplink: Single Carrier-FDMA
• SC-FDMA: hybrid modulation
scheme that combines the low
PAPR techniques of single-carrier
transmission systems, such as GSM
and CDMA, with the multi-path
resistance and flexible frequency
allocation of OFDMA
• Data symbols in the time domain
are converted to the frequency
domain using a discrete Fourier
transform (DFT)
• Cyclic Prefix (CP) is added, a serial Figure: Structure for UL and DL in
sequence of symbols is modulated LTE [5]
and transmitted instead of parallel
OFDM-scheme
• On receiver’s side, an extra N-point An advantage of SC-FDMA compares to
IDFT is applied to reconstruct the OFDMA is low Peak to Power Average
original symbols. Ratio (PAPR), that helps increasing
battery life.
19. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
References
Ville Eerola, LTE Network Architecture Evolution, Lecture
note in T-109.5410 Technology Management in the
Telecommunications Industry, Helsinski University of
Technology, 2010.
UMTS Forum, Toward Global Mobile Broadband, retreived
May 16, 2011from
www.umts-forum.org/component/option,com.../Itemid,12/
M. Neruda and R. Bestak, Evolution of 3GPP Core Network,
IWSSIP 2008.
Lecture notes in UniK 4230, UiO, Lecture9-10.pdf
OFDM(A) for wireless communications, Telenor R&I R 7/2008
20. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
10
A brief comparision
Requirements UMTS LTE
Spectral Efficiency 0.2bit/s/Hz 1.57bit/s/Hz
Peak Data Rate 2 Mbit/s 170 Mbit/s
Sector Capacity 1 Mbit/s 31.4 Mbit/s
No. of Tranceivers/Cell 30 1
RTT User Plane 50 ms 5 ms
Call setup time 2s 50 ms
Mobility 250 km/h 350 km/h
Bandwidth 5 MHz scalable up to 20 MHz
10
UMTS/HSPA to LTE Migration, Motorola Inc. 2009
21. 3GPP Network Architecture Radio Access Technologies Discussion
Discussion
Point to discuss, focus on this topic, futher questions?