The document introduces WiMAX technology, outlining its evolution from Release 1.0 to Release 2.0 and discussing key features such as OFDMA, adaptive modulation and coding, quality of service categories, and handover capabilities. It also reviews WiMAX standardization bodies and commercial deployments, highlighting drivers for mobile WiMAX including bridging the global digital divide and enabling high-speed mobile broadband.

1. Introduction to WiMAX
BP Tiwari
beyond4g.org
1

2. Presentation outline
 Drivers of Mobile broadband
 Overview of WiMAX
– WiMAX technology
– WiMAX Performance
– WiMAX Evolution
 WiMAX Ecosystem and Devices
 WiMAX Commercial Deployments
Beyond 4G
2 Introduction to WiMAX

3. Global broadband divide
Source : ITU, 2009, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/papers/2009/Press%20briefing_Telecom09.pdf Beyond 4G
3 Introduction to WiMAX

4. The rise of mobile broadband
1800
1600
Mobile Broadband
1400
1200
1000
800
600 Fixed Broadband
400
200
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Beyond 4G
4 Introduction to WiMAX

5. Drivers for Mobile WiMAX
Bridging the digital
divide
High wire line deployment
cost
lack of competition in
local loop
Need for nomadic
broadband services
Source: CISCO VNI Beyond 4G
5 Introduction to WiMAX

6. WiMAX Standardization history
Release 1.0 Release 1.5
Beyond 4G
6 Introduction to WiMAX

7. WiMAX Release 1.0 Key Features
 High spectral efficiency
– OFDM in Downlink
– Robust against multipath interference
– High affinity to advanced techniques
– MIMO ( MIMO + BF)
– Advanced Scheduling
– Frequency diversity gains
– OFDMA
– User orthogonality in frequency domain
– Multi-antenna application
 Improved latency
– Short setup time & Short transfer delay
– Short HO latency and interruption time
 Support of variable bandwidth
– 5, 10 20 (optional, 1.5 Release) MHz
Beyond 4G
7 Introduction to WiMAX

8. WiMAX Release 1.0 Key Features
cont.
 Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) with higher order
modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
 HARQ for coverage/capacity enhancement
 Advanced channel coding: CC, CTC2)
 Connection-based MAC for QoS management
 5 QoS categories: UGS, rtPS, ertPS, nrtPS, and BE3)
 Dynamic resource allocation
 Power management: sleep mode and idle mode
 Handover: hard handover and optimized hard handover4)
 Multicast broadcast service (MBS)
 Simple Architecture
– BTS with profile C
– Smaller number of RAN interfaces
– BTS  ASN-GW ( control and data)
Beyond 4G
8 Introduction to WiMAX

9. Standardization bodies for WiMAX
MSS ASN CSN ASP
HA
ASN-GW
Internet
IEEE 802.16 & WiMAX Forum NWG, OMA IETF
WiMAX Forum NWG
Technical WG
Beyond 4G
9 Introduction to WiMAX

10. Understanding WiMAX Releases
WiMAX 1 WiMAX 2
Release 1.0 PHY Features Release 1.5 PHY Features Release 2 PHY Features
● Scalable-OFDMA ● TDD, FDD, HD-FDD ● Channel BW
● TDD ● 700 MHz/2 GHz, ● 5 to 20 MHz, 40 MHz (optional)
● 2.3/2.5/3.4/3.8 GHz ● Chan BW: 3.5 to 20 MHz (optional) ● Up 100 MHz with channel
● Chan BW: 5 to10 MHz ● DL Chan Data Rate aggregation
● Peak 144 Mbps ● DL Chan Data Rate
DL Chan Data Rate
● Avg SE: 1.6 bps/Hz ● Peak: 160 Mbps for 20 MHz BW, 2x2
● Peak: 46 Mbps (2x2) MIMO MIMO, Up to 1000 Mbps with
● UL Chan Data Rate
● Avg SE: 1.3 bps/Hz channel aggregation
● Peak: 138 Mbps
UL Chan Data Rate ● Avg SE: >2.6 bps/Hz (2x2) MIMO
● Avg SE: 1.0 bps/Hz
● Peak: 14 Mbps (1x2) SIMO ● UL Chan Data Rate
● VoIP: >35 sessions/MHz
● Avg SE: 0.7 bps/Hz ● Avg SE: >1.3 bps/Hz
● AAS
VoIP Efficiency (DL/UL=1) ● AAS
● DL Closed & Open Loop MIMO with AMC
● 25 simultaneous sessions/MHz ● DL: (4x4), (8x8)
● UL Open Loop STC/SM MIMO with AMC
AAS & PUSC ● UL: (1x4), (2x4), (4x4)
● Flexible Frequency Re-use
● DL: (1x2),(2x2),(4x2)
● Increased VoIP capacity
● UL: (1x2)
Beyond 4G
Source: WiMAX Forum
10
10 Introduction to WiMAX

11. Evolution of MAC/Network Features in
WiMAX
MobileWiMAX 1
WiMAX Release 1 WiMAX 2
Network R1.0 Features Network R1.5 Features Network R1.6 Features (to be Network Release 2
(Completed) completed by 1Q2 010) Features
(Completed) ● IPv6
● ASN anchored mobility, ● Persistent scheduling for ● Femtocell
(to be completed by
3ASN profiles reduced MAC OH 1Q2011)
● CSN anchored mobility ● ETS
● Seamless handover ● Reduced Latency
● (CMIP, PMIP) ● Load Balancing ● Multi-hop relays
● IPv4 & optional IPv6 ● Services ● Self-organizing capability
Connectivity ● GPS & non-GPS Location (SON)
● Idle mode and paging based services ● Services
● EAP-based authentication ● Enhanced Multicast & ● Enhanced VoIP support
● DSL, 3GPP and 3GPP2 Broadcast services ● Enhanced MBS (both static
Interworking ● WiMAX-WiFi-Bluetooth and dynamic multicasting)
● Services coexistence ● Enhancements to LBS
● Mobile, portable, nomadic, ● Ethernet services ● Mobility: up to 500 km/hr
fixed ● Public Safety & emergency
● Pre-provisioned/static QoS services
● Pre- and Post-paid RADIUS O & M Features
Accounting
● OTA pre-provisioning & device
● Roaming (RADIUS only) management
● O&M Features
● Network discovery/selection
Source: WiMAX Forum Beyond 4G
11
11 Introduction to WiMAX

12. General IMT Advanced
Requirement
 16m is an evolution of 16e
 16m will meet or exceed IMT-Advanced
requirements within the ITU-R time plan
 IEEE candidate for IMT advanced was
submitted
Rel 2.0
Performance
IMT-Advanced
System
requirements and time plan
Rel1.0
Time
Beyond 4G
12 Introduction to WiMAX

13. Parameter Release-1 Release 1.5 Release 2 IMT Advanced
Peak spectral efficiency 6.2(2X2) 6.5(2X2) DL: 8.0/15.0 DL: 15.0
(b /s/ Hz/ sector) 1.3(1X2) 1.3(1X2, Without (2x2/4x4) UL: 6.75
(Mixed Mobility) 64 QAM) UL: 2.8/6.75
(1x2/2x4)
Average spectral 1.3 (2x2) 1.6 (2x2) DL (4x2) = 2.41 DL (4x2) = 2.2
efficiency 0.7(1X2) 0.9(1X2) UL (2x4) = 2.0 UL (2x4) = 1.4
(b /s/ Hz/ sector)
2 Times
Cell Edge Spectral DL (2x2) = 0.09 DL (2x2) = 0.09 DL (2x2) = 0.09 DL (4x2) = 0.06
(b /s/ Hz/ sector) UL (1x2) = 0.05 UL (1x2) = 0.05 UL (1x2) = 0.05 UL (2x4) = 0.03
Latency C-plane: 100 ms C-plane: 100 ms C-plane: 100 ms C-plane: 100 ms (idle
(idle to active) (idle to active) (idle to active) to active)
U-plane: 40-50 U-plane: 40-50 ms U-plane: 10 ma U-plane: 10 ms
ms
Mobility Support up to 120 Support up to 350 Support up to 350 0.55 at 120 km/h
Kmph Kmph Kmph 0.25 at 350 km/h
Handover Interruption time < 60 ms <60ms Intra frequency: 27.5 Intra frequency: 27.5
Inter frequency: 40 (in a Inter frequency: 40
band) (in a band)
60 (between bands) 60 (between band)
Voip Capacity 12,5 (MHz) TDD 31.6 FDD 60 (DL 2x2 and UL 1x2) 40 (4x2 and 2x4)
(Base coverage urban)
Beyond 4G
13 Introduction to WiMAX

14. Current global spectrum footprint
2.3-2.4GHz
2.5-2.69GHz
3.4-3.6GHz
Beyond 4G
Source : WiMAX Forum
14 Introduction to WiMAX

15. View of Mobile broadband
Technologies
Beyond 4G
Source : WiMAX Forum
15 Introduction to WiMAX

16. WiMAX vs HSPA
HSPA ( Rel6) HSPA+(Rel7,QAM64) WIMAX (Rel 1.0)
Sector Throughput Sector Throughput Sector Throughput
DL 3.2 DL 3.52 DL 6.9 ( 1X3X1)
20 %
23% 12 %
8%
23% 4%
WCDMA CELL BREATHING
> 1.2 Mbps > 7 Mbps > 20 Mbps 20+ Mbps
Source : NGMN simulaitons presented by Motorola, Paul Sten at LTE ASIA 09
WIMAX Rel 1.0 number is presented by simulation done by SAMSUNG
Beyond 4G
16 Introduction to WiMAX

17. Understanding Peak vs Average
throughput
Parameter HSPA HSPA + WiMAX Rel
(Rel6) (Rel 7, 1.0 ( 10 Mhz
,MIMO & TDD)
64QAM)
Peak DL/Sector 14.4 Mbps 28 Mbps 37 Mbps
Peak UL/Sector 5.76 Mbps 11.5 11 Mbps
Average DL Sector 3.2 Mbps 3.5 Mbps 6.9 Mbps
Average UL 1.5 Mbps 1.5 Mbps 1.8 Mbps
Sector
10 Subs/Full Buffer 320 kbps 350 kbps 690 kbps
Total BTS ( DL + UL ) 14.1 Mbps 15 Mbps 26.1 Mbps
Beyond 4G
17 Introduction to WiMAX

18. WiMAX Ecosystem
END
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Beyond 4G
18 Introduction to WiMAX

19. WiMAX Devices Roadmap
WiMAX Chipset Providers MID’s
• Beceem • Intel
• SeQuans • Samsung Consumer Devices
• GCT • Marvell
• Runcom • Mediatek
• Wavesat • Fujitsu
• Redpine • XRONet GSM+WIMAX
• AppaceWave • POSData
• Altair • AmpTech Single/Dual, Laptop
Single band
• Amicus Wireless • WiSpry Netbook’s, triband
• Mbit • Silicon Hive
• picoChip RF-Only
• RF Magic • Maxim
• SierraMonolithics • NXP
• Parmity • STMicro
• Comsys • Infineon
• Motorola • NEC WiMAX+WiFi
WiMAX Only WiMAX+WiFi+Voip
• PMC-Sierra
• TI
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Beyond 4G
19 Introduction to WiMAX

20. WiMAX Deployment update
2.3 GHz Deployments*** 29
2.5 GHz Deployments*** 68
3.3 GHz Deployments*** 9
3.5 GHz Deployments*** 24
5
5+ GHz Deployments*** 20
Clearwire 29 markets , 200 K subs
Yota , 200 K subs
KT , 150+ K subs
UQ , Nationwide rollout
Clearwire 29 markets , 200 K subs
Beyond 4G
20 Introduction to WiMAX

21. Thanks
Beyond 4G
21 Introduction to WiMAX