The document discusses emerging trends and applications for reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) and wavelength selective switches (WSS). It notes that higher port count WSS are the fastest growing area to support applications like data centers, wireless backhaul, and utilities networks. The document summarizes the evolution of ROADM technology over generations from 1998 to present. It then outlines various ROADM architectures including multi-degree colorless and directionless designs using dual WSS or high port count WSS. These emerging technologies allow more flexible and efficient optical networking to support bandwidths from 10G to 400G and beyond for 5G, SDN/NFV applications and network virtualization.

1. © Finisar Corporation Confidential 1
Ken Garrett
Emerging Trends and Applications for Cost
Effective ROADMs

2. © Finisar Corporation Confidential 2
Increasing Network Agility ROADM Network Applications
ROADM implementation
• Wireline
• MSO
Data Centers
Wireless
Backhaul
• Utilities

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WSS/ROADM Demand Continues to Grow
Higher Port Count WSS fastest growing area in the next 3 years
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CY05 CY06 CY07 CY08 CY09 CY10 CY11 CY12 CY13 CY14 CY15 CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19
PercentofWSSComponentUnits
Units(Thousands)
WSS (1x4 or less) WSS (1x5 to 1x9) WSS (1x10 or larger) 1x5 or larger + 1x10 or larger (%)
Source: Infonetics Research May 2015

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 1998 COADM
 2X2 switches and 8-16 channel mux/demux
 Colored Add/Drop
 High Cost
 Limited Add/Drop
 1999 - 2001 Wavelength Blocker
 LC Array Technology
 Colored Add Drop
 Gain Equalization
 High Cost
 2003-2012 WSS & PLC ROADMs
 100 GHz & 50GHz
 Colored and Colorless ADD/Drop
 Fixed Grid 50 GHz &100GHz Network Deployments
 MEMS- LC- LCoS-PLC
 1X2-1X9-1X16-1X20
 Colorless and Directionless Applications
 Cost Reduced 70% since 2005
 Multiple Suppliers
 The Next Generation
ROADM Evolution – 4 Generations in 17 years
WSS Price/Port
2000 2014

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 Colorless and Directionless Multiplexing / Demultiplexing
 Enables critical wavelength and route flexibility
 Contentionless as an “optional” enhancement
 High Performance for 100G and Beyond
 High wavelength isolation for higher modulation formats
 High bandwidth cascadability
 Flexgrid Channel Transmission
 WSS, OCM, flexgrid multiplexing / demultiplexing
 Intra-channel power measurement and equalization
 Scalability for Large and Small Nodes
 High Port Count and Dual WSS
 8 – 16 node degrees
 4 – 8 node degrees
 Low Cost
 Vertical Integration (Dual WSS- 2 in one)
 Functional Integration (ROADM on a single slot card)
 Lower Cost Add/Drop for CD (MXN WSS)
Next Generation ROADM Network Features

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 Reconfigurable Optical Add
Drop Multiplexer
 Enables all-optical routing of
individual wavelength channels
through a node
 Express routing
 Add/drop
 Wavelength channel power
leveling
 All-optical:
 Avoid cost and power
consumption of O-E-O on express
paths
 Remote configurability:
 Rapid circuit provisioning
 Reconfigure network in response
to link or node failures
 Lower maintenance and
operations costs
Functionality Benefits
ROADMs: Basic functionality
To
Node B
To
Node C
Local add/drop ports

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Regional / Long Hall
 Mesh
 DWDM 50 GHz, Flexgrid™
 100G/400G transmission
 4 to 20-degree ROADM
 CD/CDC
 Restoration/40G-100G Overlay
 40/100G Overlay
 High power amps / Raman
Metro/Regional
 Ring or mesh
 10G/100G/400G transmission
 2-20 degree ROADM
 Restoration
 Multiple Coherent Modulations
 40G/100G Overlay
 Wireless Backhaul
Metro Access
 CWDM or DWDM 50/100 GHz
 1G/2.5G/10G/100G transmission
 Fixed OADM / ROADM
 MESH + RING
 Wireless Backhaul
High Speed
and Packet
Business
Services
Triple
Play
3G and LTE
ROADM Application

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RECONFIGURABLE CDC ROADM Wavelength Routing
Apollo
OPT9624
9D-ROADM
(100 and 50Ghz spacing)
2D-ROADM
(100 and 50Ghz spacing)
Transmit any wavelength
from any local port
Colorless
Transmit the same
wavelength
simultaneously to more
than one directions
Contentionless
Transmit any wavelength
to any direction
Directionless
• Most efficient use of
spectrum
• Ready for 400Gbps
and 1Tbps
Moving to “Gridless”
Flexible Spectrum
Uncompromised ability to route any wavelength anywhere in the
network, with most efficient spectrum use
ROADMS serve as a transport solution for SDN and NFV implementation

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Data Center Interconnect-
Example of an agile SDN –NFV type network application
DC Site1
DC Site2
DC1/DC2 Interconnect provisioned path
Content consumption provisioned path
Alternate path for a temporary period
Control
Content
Consumer
(e.g. University)
Connect DC1 to DC2 in
highest priority
Resume to “normal”
configuration
“OK”
Data Center
Manager

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Broadcast and Select ROADM
 Passive split on Drop-side
 WSS on Add-side
 AWG for wavelength
mux/demux
 Fixed Grid
 Colored Add/Drop
 100% Add/Drop of up to
96 channels
 2x100 GHz AWGs on
add side for lost cost
 Fixed-grid OCM
 Can make colorless by
replacing AWG with High-
Port Count WSS
Classic (B&S) ROADMOCM
44 ch AWG
88 ch AWG44 ch AWG
1x9WSS
8x8 Span
Crossconnect
8x8 Span
Crossconnect
1x8splitter
88 ADD 88 DROP

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20x1 WSS 1X20 WSS 20x1 WSS 1X20 WSS20x1 WSS 1X20 WSS
8x1 WSS
8x1 WSS
Passive
splitter
Degree8
Degree1
Core switch
Add/Drop D1’ D8’
8x1 WSS
Degree 2
D2’
Up to 8 directions
(only 3 shown)
20 add
ports
20 drop
ports
20 add
ports
20 drop
ports
20 add
ports
20 drop
ports
Multi-degree, Colorless and Directional
Broadcast and Select Architecture
 Interconnects multiple “degrees” or “directions”
 WSS (tunable mux/demux) used for add/drop => “Colorless”
 Add/drop ports tied to a particular direction => “Directional”

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Route and Select ROADM
High isolation and OSNR performance,
Flexgrid WSS and High Resolution Flexgrid OCM
Higher # of ports for degrees and CD/CDC add/drop scalability
Filtered ports for lower power OA and Noise management
Leverage coherent Rx self-filtering and low-cost splitter mux/demux
Lower cost per port
DROP ADD
Dual 1X9
or Dual1X20
Two WSS = 1
HRes –Flexgrid
OCM

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20x1 WSS
20x1 WSS
Degree8
Degree1
Up to 8 directions
(only 3 shown)
20x1 WSS
Degree 2
Core switch
Add/Drop
1x20 WSS
1x20 WSS
13 add
ports
13 drop
ports
13 add
ports
13 drop
ports
13 add
ports
13 drop
ports
1x20 WSS
Multi-degree, Colorless and Directional
Route and Select Architecture
 Tunable mux/demux WSS combined with core routing WSS
 “Broadcast and Select” -> “Route and select”

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Multi-degree, Colorless, Directionless and Contentionless
Architecture using Dual WSS
 M×N WSXC: Multi-input Multi-output Wavelength Selective Switch
 MC-SW: MultiCast Switch
8x13
WSXC
or
MC-SW
8x13
WSXC
or
MC-SW
20x1 WS
Or 1X9 WSSS
20x1 WSS
or 1X9 WSS
Degree8
Degree1
20x1 WSS
or 9X1 WSSS
Degree 2
Core switch
Add/Drop
1x20 WSS
0r 1X9 WSSS
1x20 WSS
1x20 WS
or 1X9 WSS
8x12
WSXC
or
MC-SW
8x13
WSXC
or
MC-SW
8x13
WSXC
or
MC-SW
8x13
WSXC
or
MC-SW
Up to 8 directions
(only 3 shown)
12 add ports 12 drop ports 12 add ports 12 drop ports
8x13 is only an
example.
It can scale to
other values.
Main advantage
is that it is a pay
as you grow
architecture

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Channel ADD/DROP Options
 Direct WSS Port Drop/Add
 Limited number of WSS ports
 May limit amount of degree connections
 Direct Detect and Coherent
 Mux/DeMux
 Colored versus Colorless
 Direct Detect
 WSS/Splitter
 Coherent
 May have high loss (dependent on size of splitter)
 Multicast Switch
 Colorless/Directionless/Contentionless
 High Loss
 Requires amplifier arrays
 MXN WSS-High Port Count WSS
 Colorless/Directionless
 Coherent or Direct Detect
WSS
??????
WSS
??????

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 One Dual MxN WSS
 No optical amplifier
 WSS Loss~7dB
 Scales to 96+ channels
 Flexgrid
 ~50% size & cost reduction
 Single Slot with low profile Dual
aSplitter aCoupler
1x8 WSS 1x8 SS
aSplitter aCoupler
8x13
WSS
aSplitter aCoupler aSplitter aCoupler
 Four 1xN WSS’s
 Two optical amplifiers
 Scales to 96+ channels
 WSS Loss~14dB
Prior CD Architecture Approach Dual MxN WSS CD Architecture
8X1 WSS 8X1 WSS
1X13 WSS 13X1 WSS
Why MXN WSS?
8X13 WSS 13X8 WSS
Amplifiers

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40x1 WSS
40x1 WSS
Degree8
Degree1
Up to 8 directions
(only 3 shown)
40x1 WSS
Degree 2
Core switch
Add/Drop
1x40 WSS
1x40 WSS
32 add
ports
32 drop
ports
32 add
ports
32 drop
ports
32 add
ports
32 drop
ports
1x40 WSS
Emerging Future Application:
Higher Port Count WSS Node
 Improving the add/drop port ratio with higher WSS port count-lower cost

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Emerging Application:
Intra-node Connection Verification
ADDDual MXN
WSS
or MCS
Dual MXN WSS
or MCS
Dual 2X1X9 or Dual 2X1X20 WSS allows
for additional input port that offers
loopback path for connection verification

19. © Finisar Corporation Confidential 19
Summary
Next Generation WSS and Architectures provide a capability
to upgrade and future proof service provider networks and
address emerging inter-building/remote site data center
applications.
Higher Bandwidth-flexibility to transport 10G-400G+
SDN/NFV- On Demand ability remotely reconfigure and restore networks
Colorless Directionless/Contentionless based upon cost and network requirements
Although there are many technology options, the MXN WSS is
the most cost effective colorless directionless solution
The introduction of LCoS based Dual and High Port Count
WSS continue to drive the cost/port down to provide new
Applications, Cost Savings, and Operational Efficiencies

20. © Finisar Corporation Confidential 20
Thank You

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