Logistic management and supply chain management are critical for businesses. Logistics involves planning, implementing, and controlling the flow of materials and finished goods from suppliers to customers. It has become more important with globalization, a focus on integrated supply chain management, and the outsourcing of non-core functions. Effective logistics can provide both cost leadership and differentiated products and services by optimizing activities across the value chain.

1. Logistic Management An Supply Chain Imperative By Rajeev Sharma Asstt. Prof. Center of Business Management Bimtech [email_address]

2. LOGISTICS Defined Planning implementing and controlling the physical flow of material and finished goods from point of origin to point of use to meet customer`s need at a profit By “Philip Kotler” It is essentially a planning process and an information activity So A integrative process that optimizes the flow of material and supplies through the organization and its operations to the customer

3. The word logistic has originated from Greek word ‘Logistikos’ and the Latin word ‘Logisticus’ which means science of computing & calculating In ancient times it was used more in connection with moving armies, the supplies of food & armaments to the war front. During World War II logistics gained importance in army operations covering the movement of supplies , men & equipment across the border Today It has acquired the wider meaning and is used in the business for the movement of material from suppliers to the manufacturer and finally the finished goods to the consumers

4. Scope of Logistic It is of critical importance to the organization how it delivers products & services to the customer , whether the product is tangible or intangible. Effective & efficient Physical movement of the tangible product will speak of intangible services associated with the product and the organization which is delivering it. In Case of intangible product , the delivery of tangibles at the right place & right time will speak about its quality. On the macro level infrastructure such as Various modes of transport , transportation equip., storage facilities, connectivity & information processing are contributing to a larg3e extent in the physical movement of goods produced in manufacturing , mining & agriculture Sectors.

5. Scope of logistics This speed & reliability in distribution of products & services contribute to a great extent in the growth of a country`s domestic & international trade . Logistic cost as a percentage of GDP across the world is shown in the following table Country Logistic cost as a percentage of GDP Korea 16 China 15 Japan 14 India 13 France 12 UK 11 USA 10

6. Scope of logistics India spent nearly $ 50 billion to move material from one use to another. So the “ Public distribution system in the country needs logistical support for delivering goods at right place on time and the lowest cost. At Micro Level logistic plays a critical role in the value delivery system of business organization to provide superior customer service i.e. to achieve a desired level of delivered services and quality at the lowest possible cost. In a nutshell any productivity improvement that could be achieved in any part of logistic system,at the micro or macro level would help in cost reduction and proper deployment of scare national resources to the productive purposes .

7. Fact In a manufacturing org. the business process starts with the flow of material from the suppliers, progress to the plant, then to the customer through the distribution channel the department may excel in their respective function but org. as a whole their performance may be dismal. Reason Lack of Co ordination in their activities They have different goal to cherish There is no single agency that coordinates their functions and homogenizes them. How to overcome ? Use of Logistic as a system

8. Logistic –A system approach Logistic recognizes that all the activities of material movement across the business process are interdependent and needs close coordination and these are to be maintained as a system and not the functional Silos. System is shown as logistic Mix including following functional Areas Order Processing Information Flow Warehousing Inventory control Packaging Transportation

9. Order Processing Involve following activities Order checking for any deviation in agreed on negotiated term Technical details;price;delivery period;payment terms;taxes etc Checking the availability of material in stock (material requisition) Production & material scheduling for shortage Acknowledging the order, indicating deviation if any It is routine operation but require great deal of planning training of people involved and investment to bring about efficiency & accuracy In a large organization a system capable of handling thousands of voluminous orders with minimum human involvement or without human involvement is a must involving shortened order fulfillment cycle to have edge over rivals

10. Information Flow It is basically information based activity of inventory movement across the supply chain. Hence role of information system plays a vital role in delivering superior customer service This function is required to facilitate the following information needs Order Registration Order checking & editing Order processing Coordination means to integrate the total supply chain of the company with informational needs as to time ,quantity, value e.g Lead time, rate of consumption , delivery schedule & price of the material , Transportation time & cost etc.

11. Warehousing A storage place wherein finished goods are stored till they are sold.Effectiveness of an organization`s marketing strategy depends on making the right decision regarding warehouse. Nowadays Warehouse are treated as switching facilities rather than storage place.It is a major cost center, many customer problem are the direct result of improper warehousing management. Major decision of ware house are as follows:- Location ,Size & Number of warehousing facilities Warehouse layout Design of building Ownership of the warehouse

12. Inventory management Point order problem That is How much to order When to order For this we require Dependable IMS Independent IMS Purchase Control Stores control Issue management ABC Analysis VED Analysis Level Management EOQ & EBQ Analysis MRP System Perpetual inventory system JIT System

13. Packaging It is also a critical element in physical distribution of the product , which influences the efficiency of the logistic system this is done with the view of following :- Foe handling and damage prevention For communications For inter modal transportation Storage space economy Thus to reduce packaging cost

14. Transportation Foe the movement of goods from supplier to buyer , transportation is the most fundamental and important component of logistic. E.g. for low unit value products the transportation cost component is 20% of the product cost. In logistic cost its share varies up to 65-70% in case of mass consumed very low unit price products. Mode of transportation ( Cost & time factor) Own fleet or Outsourcing Route Planning Vehicle scheduling Are the few decision which are involved in transportation

15. Three Forces  Which have change the perspective of logistics Globalization Focus on Supply chain Management Outsourcing of Non Core Competency Functional Area

16. Globalization The entire world has become a global village for marketers because of the liberalization of economics of most countries and the emergence of WTO which is forcing business organizations to supply products beyond the national boundaries wherever there is a market opportunity. In such conditions the role of LOGISTICS Will be to provide time and place time and place utility of the product to the customer

17. Focus on Supply Chain Management Business the world over are striving for competitiveness. In their struggle for survival their focus has shifted to the supply chain I.e. Integrating the process of Procurement , processing & distributing to deliver value for money to the customer Two key roles logistics planning & support are Value delivery process success of supply chain management

18. Outsourcing of Non Core Competency functional Area Outsourcing is a acceptable trend in business. Corporation have realized that doing everything by themselves does not result in effective & efficient use of scare resources available to them. It is better to outsource functional area to experts who can do job at the lowest cost and that to efficiently & Effectively. LOGISTICS Is one such area where most of business org. do not have enough expertise thus needs to be outsourced Thus Logistics have shaped into different service industry offering complete & customized logistics solutions

19. Value Chain It is understood now that an organization`s competitive Success could only come through either cost leadership or offering differentiated product and services LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT Can provide both the benefits simultaneously Through its value chain activities Which can be categorized into different types Inbound logistics operations Out bound logistics Support activates e.g HR, Accounts & finace, IT & MIS etc.

20. Services In bound logistics Operations Out bond Logistics operations S & M Customer Value HR M&M Technology A&F Infrastructure

21. Supply Chain Procurement Stores Stores Vendor Operations Warehouse Customer Inbound Logistics Out Bound Logistics

22. Supply Chain Vendor Purchase Stores RM Customer Warehousing Stores FG Inbound Logistics Out bound logistics OPERATIONS Procurement PROCESSING Distribution Material flow Material flow Information flow

23. Logistics for Business Excellence For Business Excellence logistics operation need to be integrated on the following two fronts integration of logistic into business Integration of components of logistics To achieve the objective of making available right product at the right place and at a right time at low cost , every business is required to integrate logistics into the business process. For logistic operation to run smoothly, proper integration amongst the component of logistic process is a must.

24. Logistic HR A/Cs Finance Utilities Marketing PPC QC Mat. Mng. IT Others Organizational Functions Suppliers Procurement Processing Distribution Customer Logistic System Component Order Processing Inventory Mang. Warehousing Transportation Material Handling & Storage Logistical Packaging Information In Bound Log. Out Bound Logistic In process Log. LOGISTIC FUNCTION

25. Objectives of Logistic management  Inventory Reduction Reliable and consistent delivery performance Freight economy Minimum product damage quick Response

26. NOTE: Amongst most of the Indian companies logistics outsourcing Has now become an accepted trend for the following reasons: Cost Saving Focus on core Business Paucity of funds Reduction in liabilities Wider Geographical coverage Cross pollination of better available practice

27. Warehousing Nowadays warehousing is used as a switching facility rather than as a long term storage house. Attention is paid to Higher lower shorter inventory turnover operating cost cycle time And in light of these warehouse`s performance is judged by its productivity and cost performance while trying to achieve 2 polemic goals. Customer`s satisfaction lower cost of operation 1 2 3 1 2

28. We have to decide on 2 factors Whether to have Centralized decentralized warehouse warehouse It ensures tight control multiple distribution On inventories and can centers Operate on EOS location of sites

29. Objective Main better customer service low operating cost Ancillary objective Maximum utilization of storage space Higher labour productivity Maximum Asset utilization Reduction in material handling Increase in inventory turnover Reduce order filing time

30. Warehousing Function 3 Functions Material Storage Function Material Handling Function Information Handling Function

31. Material Storage function Due to non synchronization of Manufacturing cycle with that of the consumption cycle of the material , storage of the material remains a big hurdle So material storage is required to accommodate the following functions: Holding Consolidation Postponement Break Bulk packing Cross Docking Mixing

32. Material Handling function This involves three function Loading & unloading Material Movement Order filing

33. Information handling function For this following information is required Goods inward Inspection & auditing Goods outward Excess Stock Invoicing Warehouse expenses Transit damage & Breakage Consignment tracking This all information facilitate quick decision