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Jainul
1

13-FEB-2014

Thursday

Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

Topic:

Domain
Name
Server

(Introduction, Installation, Configure DNS)
Jainul
2

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a
hierarchical distributed naming system
for computers, services, or any resource
connected to the Internet or a private
network.

The Internet, and many larger private
Internet Protocol (IP) networks, rely on
the Domain Name System (DNS) to help
direct traffic.
Jainul
3

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

The DNS maintains a distributed
database of network names and
addresses.

It provides methods for computers to
remotely query the database.
Some people call DNS the "phone book
of the Internet."
Jainul
4

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

Domain Name Service (DNS) is an
Internet service that maps IP
addresses and fully qualified domain
names (FQDN) to one another
In this way, DNS alleviates/relieves
the need to remember IP addresses.
Jainul
5

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

DNS Servers and Name Hierarchy

• DNS uses client/server network
architecture.
• DNS servers are the computers
designated to store DNS database
records (names and addresses),
while clients of the DNS include
PCs, phones and other devices of
end users.
Jainul
6

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

DNS Servers and Name Hierarchy

• DNS servers also interface with
each other, acting as clients to each
other when needed.
• The DNS organizes its servers into
a hierarchy.
Jainul
7

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux
Jainul
8

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

• For the Internet, so-called root name
servers reside at the top of the DNS
hierarchy
• The Internet root name servers manage
DNS server information for the Web's
top-level domains (TLD) (like ".com"
and ".uk"), specifically the names and IP
addresses of the original (called
authoritative) DNS servers responsible
for answering queries about each TLD
individually.
Jainul
9

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

• Servers at the next lower level of the DNS
hierarchy track second-level domain names
and addresses (like "about.com"), and
additional levels manage Web domains (like
"compnetworking.about.com").
Jainul
10

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux
Jainul
11

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

The domain name is a component of a
Uniform/universal Resource Locator (URL)
used to access web sites…
for example:

URL: http://www.w3schools.net/index.html
Top-level domain name: net
Second-level domain name: w3schools.net
Host name: www.w3schools.net
Jainul
12

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

• Computers that run DNS are
called name servers.

• Ubuntu ships with BIND (Berkley
Internet Naming Daemon), the most
common program used for maintaining
a name server on Linux.
Jainul
13

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

Installation

• At a terminal prompt, enter the following
command to install dns:
$ sudo apt-get install bind9
Jainul
14

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

Implementation of BIND

• BIND is an acronym for the Berkeley
Internet Name Domain project, which is a
group that maintains the DNS-related
software suite that runs under Linux.
• The most well known program in BIND is
named, the daemon that responds to DNS
queries from remote machines.
Jainul
15

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

Implementation of BIND

• A DNS server does not know all the IP
addresses in the world, but networks with
other DNS servers which it can query to
find an unknown address.
• Most UNIX systems can run named, which
is part of the bind (Berkeley Internet
Name Domain) package distributed by the
Internet Software Consortium.
Jainul
16

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

Implementation of BIND

• It can run as a stand-alone caching
nameserver, which is often done on Linux
systems in order to speed up network
access.
• Your main client configuration file is
/etc/resolv.conf , which determines the
order in which Domain Name Servers are
contacted:
Jainul
17

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

Implementation of BIND

• search somewhere.org
• nameserver 192.168.42.1
• nameserver 193.74.208.137
bind9 name server installation for DNS
-On Ubuntu Linux server
apt-get install bind9 dnsutils
-Fedora alternative:
yum install bind dnsutils
Jainul

Domain Name Server [DNS]

18

•

Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux
In computer networking, reverse DNS lookup

or reverse DNS resolution (rDNS) is the
determination of a domain name that is
associated with a given IP address using the
Domain Name Service (DNS) of the Internet.
• Computer networks use the Domain Name
System to determine the IP address associated
with a domain name. This process is also known
as forward DNS resolution. Reverse DNS
lookup is the inverse process, the resolution of
an IP address to its designated domain name.
Jainul
19

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

• A DNS server, or name server, is used to
resolve an IP address to a hostname or
vice versa.
Jainul
20

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

You can set up four different types of DNS servers:
1. A master DNS server for your domain(s),

Which stores authoritative records for your domain.

2. A slave DNS server,
Which relies on a master DNS server for data.

3. A caching-only DNS server,
Which stores recent requests like a proxy server. It
otherwise refers to other DNS servers.

4. A forwarding-only DNS server,
Which refers all requests to other DNS servers.
Jainul
21

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

The entire hostname with its domain such as
server.example.com is called a fully
qualified domain name (FQDN).

The right-most part of the FQDN such as .com
or .net is called the top level domain, with the
remaining parts of the FQDN, which are
separated by periods, being sub-domains.
Jainul
22

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

• These sub-domains are used to divide
FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name)s into
zones, with the DNS information for each
zone being maintained by at least one
authoritative name server.
• The authoritative server that contains the
master zone file, which can be modified to
update DNS information about the zone, is
called the primary master server, or just
master server.
Jainul
23

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

• The additional name servers for the zone
are called secondary servers or slave
servers.
• Secondary servers retrieve information
about the zone through a zone transfer
from the master server or from another
secondary server.
• DNS information about a zone is never
modified directly on the secondary
server.
Jainul
24

Domain Name Server [DNS]
Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux

• NEXT ….
• Configuring DNS…

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Linux03_DNS

  • 2. Jainul 2 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. The Internet, and many larger private Internet Protocol (IP) networks, rely on the Domain Name System (DNS) to help direct traffic.
  • 3. Jainul 3 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux The DNS maintains a distributed database of network names and addresses. It provides methods for computers to remotely query the database. Some people call DNS the "phone book of the Internet."
  • 4. Jainul 4 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux Domain Name Service (DNS) is an Internet service that maps IP addresses and fully qualified domain names (FQDN) to one another In this way, DNS alleviates/relieves the need to remember IP addresses.
  • 5. Jainul 5 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux DNS Servers and Name Hierarchy • DNS uses client/server network architecture. • DNS servers are the computers designated to store DNS database records (names and addresses), while clients of the DNS include PCs, phones and other devices of end users.
  • 6. Jainul 6 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux DNS Servers and Name Hierarchy • DNS servers also interface with each other, acting as clients to each other when needed. • The DNS organizes its servers into a hierarchy.
  • 7. Jainul 7 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux
  • 8. Jainul 8 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux • For the Internet, so-called root name servers reside at the top of the DNS hierarchy • The Internet root name servers manage DNS server information for the Web's top-level domains (TLD) (like ".com" and ".uk"), specifically the names and IP addresses of the original (called authoritative) DNS servers responsible for answering queries about each TLD individually.
  • 9. Jainul 9 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux • Servers at the next lower level of the DNS hierarchy track second-level domain names and addresses (like "about.com"), and additional levels manage Web domains (like "compnetworking.about.com").
  • 10. Jainul 10 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux
  • 11. Jainul 11 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux The domain name is a component of a Uniform/universal Resource Locator (URL) used to access web sites… for example: URL: http://www.w3schools.net/index.html Top-level domain name: net Second-level domain name: w3schools.net Host name: www.w3schools.net
  • 12. Jainul 12 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux • Computers that run DNS are called name servers. • Ubuntu ships with BIND (Berkley Internet Naming Daemon), the most common program used for maintaining a name server on Linux.
  • 13. Jainul 13 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux Installation • At a terminal prompt, enter the following command to install dns: $ sudo apt-get install bind9
  • 14. Jainul 14 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux Implementation of BIND • BIND is an acronym for the Berkeley Internet Name Domain project, which is a group that maintains the DNS-related software suite that runs under Linux. • The most well known program in BIND is named, the daemon that responds to DNS queries from remote machines.
  • 15. Jainul 15 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux Implementation of BIND • A DNS server does not know all the IP addresses in the world, but networks with other DNS servers which it can query to find an unknown address. • Most UNIX systems can run named, which is part of the bind (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) package distributed by the Internet Software Consortium.
  • 16. Jainul 16 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux Implementation of BIND • It can run as a stand-alone caching nameserver, which is often done on Linux systems in order to speed up network access. • Your main client configuration file is /etc/resolv.conf , which determines the order in which Domain Name Servers are contacted:
  • 17. Jainul 17 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux Implementation of BIND • search somewhere.org • nameserver 192.168.42.1 • nameserver 193.74.208.137 bind9 name server installation for DNS -On Ubuntu Linux server apt-get install bind9 dnsutils -Fedora alternative: yum install bind dnsutils
  • 18. Jainul Domain Name Server [DNS] 18 • Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux In computer networking, reverse DNS lookup or reverse DNS resolution (rDNS) is the determination of a domain name that is associated with a given IP address using the Domain Name Service (DNS) of the Internet. • Computer networks use the Domain Name System to determine the IP address associated with a domain name. This process is also known as forward DNS resolution. Reverse DNS lookup is the inverse process, the resolution of an IP address to its designated domain name.
  • 19. Jainul 19 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux • A DNS server, or name server, is used to resolve an IP address to a hostname or vice versa.
  • 20. Jainul 20 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux You can set up four different types of DNS servers: 1. A master DNS server for your domain(s), Which stores authoritative records for your domain. 2. A slave DNS server, Which relies on a master DNS server for data. 3. A caching-only DNS server, Which stores recent requests like a proxy server. It otherwise refers to other DNS servers. 4. A forwarding-only DNS server, Which refers all requests to other DNS servers.
  • 21. Jainul 21 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux The entire hostname with its domain such as server.example.com is called a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). The right-most part of the FQDN such as .com or .net is called the top level domain, with the remaining parts of the FQDN, which are separated by periods, being sub-domains.
  • 22. Jainul 22 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux • These sub-domains are used to divide FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name)s into zones, with the DNS information for each zone being maintained by at least one authoritative name server. • The authoritative server that contains the master zone file, which can be modified to update DNS information about the zone, is called the primary master server, or just master server.
  • 23. Jainul 23 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux • The additional name servers for the zone are called secondary servers or slave servers. • Secondary servers retrieve information about the zone through a zone transfer from the master server or from another secondary server. • DNS information about a zone is never modified directly on the secondary server.
  • 24. Jainul 24 Domain Name Server [DNS] Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-Linux-LinuxLinux-Linux-Linux-Linux • NEXT …. • Configuring DNS…