This document summarizes key aspects of robotics and a line following robot project. It discusses that robotics involves designing and building intelligent mechanical agents to perform tasks autonomously or with guidance. It then describes a line following robot that uses infrared sensors to detect and follow a black line on a white surface without human control. The robot is able to correct itself to stay on the track and uses different motor speeds to enable turns. Microcontrollers like the ATmega8L are used as the processing system to generate outputs from sensor inputs.

1. BY:
Anika Agarwal
124106

2.  Robotics is a branch of engineering that involves the
conception, design, manufacture, and operation of robot.
A robot is a mechanical intelligent agent which can
perform tasks on its own, or with guidance.

3.  Robotics technology is a growing industry which creates
high-tech jobs.
 Robotics technologies are helping to improve healthcare,
national defence, energy, manufacturing, logistics,
transportation, agriculture, education, consumer goods,
and many other sectors.
 Robotics provides an exciting, hands-on way for students
to learn Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math.

4.  The line follower is a self operating robot that detects and
follows a line that is drawn on the floor. The path
consists of a black line on a white surface .
 It continuously corrects itself to stay on the track.
 It is an automated robot which doesn't require any
human help to control it.

5.  Automated cars running on roads with embedded
magnets
 Guidance system for industrial robots moving on shop
floor etc.
 Industrial robot to pickup objects and transfer them to a
specific point.

6.  The IR sensor detects the light emitted by the transmitter,
if the receiver receives light, the wheel of that side will
keep on moving, as soon as the receiver stops receiving
the light (black colour absorbs the light and thus no light
is reflected so receiver cannot receive any light) the wheel
of that side will stop.
 For turning ,the robot stops 1 motor and runs the second
to make the turn possible.
 For eg:
If the robot has to turn right then the motor on right side
will stop and left motor will keep on running and thus
allowing the robot to turn.

7.  Processing system acts as
the Brain of robot, which
generates desired output
for corresponding inputs.
For that we use
microcontrollers. I used
ATmega8L microcontroller
in my robot. It is an
ATMEL product. It is also
called AVR.

8.  An infrared sensor is an electronic device that transmit
(white) and receive (black) infrared radiation in order to
sense some aspect of its surroundings. Infrared sensors
can measure the heat of an object, as well as detect
motion. The function of infrared sensor in the robot is
corrected move on the route when the routes are curved.

9. For moving a robot we have dc motor to attached to wheels
gears.
 why dc motors
DC motors are most easy to control. One dc motor
requires only two signals to perform operation . If we
want to change its direction just reverse the polarity of
power supply across it. We can vary the speed of motor
by varying the supply across it.
 Use of gears
The dc motor don’t have a enough torque to drive the
robot directly by connecting wheels in it. The gears used
to increase the torque of dc motor on expese of its speed.

10.  “DEFLECTION CONTROL STATEMENT”, helping the
robot to control the deflections to stay on the path.
 Four wheel drive (4WD) , the robot is using 4 wheels ,
each controlled separately by DC motors attached to
them.
 The robot has a “GRIPPER” which can lift light weight
objects.
 “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE” is used, so that the
robot can turn (after end of track) and return to its initial
point .

11. THANK YOU