Lesson 4/5 - Natural Processes
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The document discusses various landforming processes including: 1. Tectonic processes such as plate tectonics involve convection currents that cause plates to move via diverging, converging, and transform boundaries, creating features like mountains, volcanoes, and faults. 2. Fluvial processes like erosion and deposition by rivers transport and deposit sediment to form landforms. 3. Volcanic processes involve magma rising from convection currents to erupt and form volcanic landforms.
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![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Level 2 Geography Image Definition - An area that is sheltered from rainfall Sentence using the word The rain shadow is on the eastern side of the mountain ranges in NZ. WORD: Rain shadow](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lesson-45-natural-processes-1204339663703282-4/85/Lesson-4-5-Natural-Processes-1-320.jpg)
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Earth's outer shell is divided into tectonic plates that slowly move over the mantle below. Plates interact at boundaries where they either converge and collide, causing volcanoes and earthquakes, diverge and form rift valleys and ocean ridges, or slide past each other along transform boundaries, also producing earthquakes. The movement of these plates over geological time scales shapes the earth's surface features and geography.
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The document describes the four main types of plate boundaries:
1) Divergent boundaries occur at spreading centers where new crust is created and plates move apart, such as at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
2) Convergent boundaries exist where plates collide and one is subducted under the other, forming deep ocean trenches.
3) Transform boundaries result from two plates sliding past each other horizontally, such as along the San Andreas Fault.
4) Continent-continent collisions buckle and uplift massive mountain ranges, as when India collided with Asia to form the Himalayas.
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Transform boundaries cause earthquakes and tsunamis when tectonic plates slide past one another. An earthquake in Japan in 2012 occurred when two continental plates slid along a transform boundary on land. An underwater earthquake at a transform boundary in Thailand generated a tsunami, as the sliding of two oceanic plates under the sea set off the massive waves. Transform boundaries can produce earthquakes both on land and under water, and the latter can then trigger destructive tsunamis.
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Transform boundaries cause earthquakes and tsunamis when tectonic plates slide past one another. An earthquake in Japan in 2012 occurred when two continental plates slid along a transform boundary on land. An underwater earthquake at a transform boundary in Thailand generated a tsunami, as the sliding of two oceanic plates under the sea set off the massive waves. Transform boundaries can produce earthquakes both on land and under water, and the latter can then trigger destructive tsunamis.
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3) There are three main types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they collide, and transform where they slide past each other. These boundaries give rise to geologic features through processes like seafloor spreading and subduction.
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Plate tectonics involves the large rigid plates that make up the Earth's crust and upper mantle. These plates constantly move and interact with each other at their boundaries. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates move apart and new crust is formed, convergent where plates collide and oceanic plates are subducted, and transform where plates slide past each other causing earthquakes. The movement of tectonic plates leads to volcanic activity and mountain building at convergent boundaries, and the formation of new seafloor at divergent boundaries.
Q1M6 POOSIBLE CAUSES of Plate movements.pptx
The document discusses the possible causes of plate tectonic movement, including convection currents, ridge push, and slab pull. Convection currents in the Earth's mantle are thought to be responsible for plate movements. Ridge push refers to the pushing force plates experience as they slide down the raised asthenosphere under mid-ocean ridges. Slab pull is the pulling force exerted as subducting plates sink into the mantle.
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Lesson 4/5 - Natural Processes
- 2. Skills – pg48 Due: Friday 29 th Feb No essay practice this week. Homework for Week 5:
- 3. Learning Intention: To be able to describe how different landforms are created Climatic Patterns and Processes
- 4. How are these natural features created?
- 5. Task: Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.
- 6. Tectonic Processes Earth’s crust covers the globe – even under the ocean.
- 7. The earth’s crust sits on top of the mantle which is full of hot liquid magma. The magma is heated when close to the core and then cools as it heads towards the surface. As the magma rises it cools and therefore heads towards the surface again. This is process is called convection currents.
- 8. The convection currents move the earth’s crust – and so the continents “float on top of the mantle”.
- 9. Permian 225 million yrs ago Triassic 200 million yrs ago Cretaceous 65 million yrs ago Jurassic 150 million yrs ago Present Day This enables continental drift
- 12. Task: Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.
- 13. Tectonic plate movement and landforms http:// pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/world_map.html - is a website that show a more detailed version of the plate movements
- 14. Diverging Plate Movement – when the plates are moving away from each other
- 15. - The land area of the mid-Atlantic Ridge Thingvellier Fissure Zone Diverging Plate in reality
- 16. Rift zone – essentially a fissure 3 plates moving away from each other. Some say this could create the next major ocean – in a few million years!
- 18. Task: Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.
- 19. Converging Plate movements – when the plates are moving towards each other Oceanic meets continental - Oceanic is heavier – so it subducts under the continental plate - creates volcanoes Click here to see how an eruption is made through this process
- 20. Oceanic meets oceanic - buckles as they push together. The heavier eventually subducts. - Creates volcanoes
- 21. e Continental meets continental - plates collide and fight to push each other up - Creates mountain ranges
- 22. Two continents collide Plate boundary through the Himalyas
- 24. Task: Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.
- 25. Transform/Lateral movements – when the plates slide past each other (up or sideways) Massive fault lines that move past each other.
- 27. Hot spots New Zealand’s hot spot - Auckland
- 28. So tectonic processes create mountains, volcanoes, fautlines, fissures… What creates flat land?
- 29. Fluvial Processes Transportation – when sediment is transported to another place Erosion – when sediment is worn down and away Deposition – when sediment is deposited somewhere http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/erosion_deposition.html Processes to do with rivers Click on the links to take you to animations of these processes
- 34. Interaction Diagram Relief Climate Vegetation Soil Steep relief means less soil = less vegetation Steep relief = less soil The higher the elevation the colder the climate The colder the climate the less and the smaller the vegetation The more fertile the soil, the better the vegetation The more vegetation, the more soil there is Weather elements erode relief features Just some ideas…
- 35. - http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/dynamic.html - http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~donovan/geol101/animationindex-mh.htm This site is an absolute must see – the animations are awesome!!! Thanks to the following websites for these images: