The document discusses various types of weathering that break down rocks into smaller pieces without moving them, including chemical, mechanical, and biological weathering. It also describes different agents that shape landscapes such as water, wind, ice, and gravity, causing geological processes like erosion, transportation, and deposition. These agents create landforms through weathering and moving rock materials.

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2. WEATHERING
Weathering takes place as rocks are broken down
into progressively smaller pieces by the effects of
atmospheric agents (water, ice, wind) and living
beings.
These pieces do not move to a
new location, they simply break down.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.

3. There are three types of weathering:
Chemical Weathering: is the descomposition of rocks
through chemical reactions that change its mineral
composition. It is caused by water, mainly.
For example: Oxidation.
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4. Mechanical Weathering: it takes place when rocks are
broken down without any change in its chemical nature.
The rocks are essentially torn apart by physical forces
(of water, wind or living things).
For ex: Freeze-thaw weathering: when water in rocks
freezes, it expands, breaking down materials.
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5. Biological Weathering: it is caused by living
organisms.
http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearn
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6. AGENTS THAT SHAPE LANDSCAPE
The agents that shape landscape are water, wind, ice,
gravity and ocean movements. They are responsible for
these geological processes:
1. Erosion: it moves small pieces of weathering rocks to
another place.
2. Transportation: it moves the eroded roch material.
3. Deposition: rock materials are deposited. It occurs
when the transporting agent looses energy.
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7. Which geological process…?
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9. Wind may erode, transport and deposit rock
materials. It is only effective in dry regions with
not much vegetation.
It erodes in two ways:
- Deflation: wind picks up small particles and
leaves bigger ones. This produces the Desert
Pavement.
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10. Abrasion: Small particles carried by the wind erode the
rocks. The results are Mushroom-shaped Rocks and
Arches.
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11. The wind can create landforms when it deposits
its sediments. These forms are called Dunes.
Large areas of Dunes are called Ergs.
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13. Glaciers are masses of moving ice.
We can find them in alpine and polar regions.
The move from high areas to low areas by the
force of gravity.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm43zJz6SWI&feature=related
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14. Glaciars erode landscape creating:
 Striations: grooves in the bedrock.
Galcial Valleys: U-shaped valleys.
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15.  Glacial Cirques: rounded depressions where snows
accumulate.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/glaciers/
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16. Ice forms Glacial Tongues which carry and deposite rock
material.
http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies
/elearning/module13swf.swf
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17. Main glacial deposits are called Moraines (ridges
of material).
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19. Rivers are masses of current water.
They erode, transport and deposit material. The
predominant process on each course depends on
the velocity of water:
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20. In the upper course, rivers flow fast. Erosion and
transportation are the dominant processes, creating:
 V – shaped Valleys (narrow and deep).
 Waterfalls.
 Gorges.
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21. In the middle course the velocity decreases and
transportation is dominant.
Valleys are wade.
Water forms deep bends called Meanders.
http://www.wwnorton.com/college
/geo/egeo/animations/ch14.htm
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22. In the lower course rivers are slow and deposition
is dominant. Here is the river’s mouth.
If deposited material is pushed into the sea, a Delta
will be formed.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/rivers/
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23. Estuaries and Marshes are coastal areas where fresh
water and salt water meet. They have a very special
biodiversity because of the their particular salt content.
http://iessuel.org/ccnn/flash/cuenca.swf
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25. Karst Landscapes
They are landscapes produced by the dissolving
action of water on soluble rocks (carbonate).
Water dissolves carbonates creating geological
structures on and under the ground surface.
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O  2 (HCO3)-
+ Ca2+
When water drips inside caves, the dissolved
calcium carbonate forms deposits.
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26. http://esp.brainpop.com/category_45/subcategory_445/subjects_3922/pr
eview.weml
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28. Find a definition for each term
Large underground cavities.
Depressions produced by the
collapse of underground cavities.
Natural resurgence of
groundwater.
Deposits which grow downward
from the cave ceiling.
Horizontal galery.
Deposits which grow upward
from the cave floor.
Vertical galery.
Spring
Stalactite
Doline
Cave
Stalagmite
Tunnel
Shaft
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29. http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module01swf.swf
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31. There are three types of water motion in oceans that
model coastal areas:
1. Waves: are mainly caused by the wind. They erode,
transport and deposit materials.
2. Tides: caused by the gravitational atraction of the Moon
and the Sun. They transport materials.
3. Currents: caused by differences of temperature. They
transport materials.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/tides/
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32. Erosion Landforms:
Bays
http://www.brainpop.co
m/science/earthsystem/
oceancurrents/
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33. Cliffs.
Archs.
Stacks
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35. Deposition Landforms:
Beaches.
Spits.
Sandbars.
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37. Sedimentary rocks are usually formed through these three
processes:
1. Sedimentation: layers of
sediments (pieces of rocks) are
deposited.
2. Compaction: sediments on
top compresses sediments at
the bottom. Water is squeezed
out from between the
sediments, but the dissolved
salts stay.
3. Cementation: These salts
form a sort of glue that cements
the pieces of rock together.
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