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FORCES WITHIN EARTH Plate	Tectonics Earthquakes & Igneous Activities
California Standardsfor Earth Science Dynamic Earth Processes  3. Plate tectonics operating over geologic time has changed the patterns of land, sea, and mountains on Earth’s surface. As the basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know features of the ocean floor (magnetic patterns, age, and sea-floor topography) provide evidence of plate tectonics. b. Students know the principal structures that form at the three different kinds of plate boundaries. c. Students know how to explain the properties of rocks based on the physical and chemical conditions in which they formed, including plate tectonic processes. d. Students know why and how earthquakes occur and the scales used to measure their intensity and magnitude.  e. Students know there are two kinds of volcanoes: one kind with violent eruptions producing steep slopes and the other kind with voluminous lava flows producing gentle slopes.  f.* Students know the explanation for the location and properties of volcanoes that are due to hot spots and the explanation for those that are due to subduction
Plate Tectonic Theory Eventually  led to: plate tectonic theory        Evidence includes: ,[object Object]
   Igneous activity
   Earthquakes
PaleomagnetismContinental Drift    Hypothesis
PLATE TECTONICS Earth’s Lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) is divided into seven major plates and many small ones Very few scientists agreed with wegener until: Alfred Wegener first proposed his hypothesis in 1915 that all of the continents were once joined together – called Pangea. His only problem was explaining the mechanism for the movement of continents. New technology came along to map the deep seafloor. Better technology was available to study earthquake patterns. Drill and take samples from the seafloor. New theory emerges in 1960’s.
Plate Boundaries When Plates interact (come together), they do one of three things: ,[object Object]
  Pull apart – Diverging  Plate Boundary

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Forces within earth

  • 1. FORCES WITHIN EARTH Plate Tectonics Earthquakes & Igneous Activities
  • 2. California Standardsfor Earth Science Dynamic Earth Processes 3. Plate tectonics operating over geologic time has changed the patterns of land, sea, and mountains on Earth’s surface. As the basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know features of the ocean floor (magnetic patterns, age, and sea-floor topography) provide evidence of plate tectonics. b. Students know the principal structures that form at the three different kinds of plate boundaries. c. Students know how to explain the properties of rocks based on the physical and chemical conditions in which they formed, including plate tectonic processes. d. Students know why and how earthquakes occur and the scales used to measure their intensity and magnitude. e. Students know there are two kinds of volcanoes: one kind with violent eruptions producing steep slopes and the other kind with voluminous lava flows producing gentle slopes. f.* Students know the explanation for the location and properties of volcanoes that are due to hot spots and the explanation for those that are due to subduction
  • 3.
  • 4. Igneous activity
  • 5. Earthquakes
  • 7. PLATE TECTONICS Earth’s Lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) is divided into seven major plates and many small ones Very few scientists agreed with wegener until: Alfred Wegener first proposed his hypothesis in 1915 that all of the continents were once joined together – called Pangea. His only problem was explaining the mechanism for the movement of continents. New technology came along to map the deep seafloor. Better technology was available to study earthquake patterns. Drill and take samples from the seafloor. New theory emerges in 1960’s.
  • 8.
  • 9. Pull apart – Diverging Plate Boundary
  • 10.
  • 11. Usually caused by slippage where two plates meet.
  • 12. The 1906 San Francisco quake was studied carefully and led to current hypothesis about cause of earthquakes.
  • 13. Much of what we know about composition and structure of earth is from studying earthquakes.
  • 14.
  • 15. Waves move energy – not water.
  • 16. Moving across the ocean, they are very low and long until they reach land.
  • 17. These waves can travel at 500 – 950 km/hr.
  • 18. Often called tidal waves but they are not caused by tides or ocean currents.
  • 19.
  • 20. temperature of the magma
  • 21.