Here are some key lessons we can learn from Nokia's downfall: - Technological innovation moves fast. Companies must continuously invest in R&D to stay ahead of the curve and anticipate emerging trends. Nokia focused too much on its existing Symbian platform. - Open platforms can gain mass adoption faster. While Nokia's Symbian was proprietary, Android was open source so it was adopted more widely by other manufacturers. - User experience matters greatly. Early Android and iOS devices offered touchscreen interfaces that were more intuitive than Symbian. Nokia was slow to transition to touch. - It's risky to rely on any single partner. Nokia bet big on Windows Phone but Microsoft's platform never gained critical mass.

1. Knowing what a
computer is
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, 9000

2. Review?
• What did we talk about last meeting?

3. “Learners can confidently
identify what happens inside
the computer”
PRIMARY GOAL FOR THIS LESSON

4. OBJECTIVES FOR THIS DAY:
• At the end of the lesson, it is expected that 90% or more of the students should:
1. Define what is a computer.
2. Determine the following:
a) Different processes that happens inside the computer
b) Digital devices
c) Digital Representation of the computer
3. Know the different parts of a computer
4. Recognize the Operating Systems in the computer

5. “What exactly is a computer?”
QUESTION #1:

7. “How does a computer
manipulates the information or
data?”
QUESTION #2:
(GIVE ONE – GET ONE) & (STAND-UP GAME)

8. Ways:
- Accepts the data
- Processes the data
- Stores the data
- Produces output

9. “What is a data?”
QUESTION:

10. Data refers to the symbols
that represent facts, ideas and
objects

11. “How does a computer accepts
the data?”
QUESTION:

12. BY INPUTTING THE DATA
Using input devices (keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc)

13. “How does a computer process
the data?”
QUESTION:

14. BY MANIPULATING THE
DATA
Performing calculations, sorting lists and numbers, and
drawing graphs, etc

15. “Which device that processes
the data?”
QUESTION:

16. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

17. “How does the computer stores
the data?”
QUESTION:

18. Saving it to storage

19. “How does the computer
produces the data?”
QUESTION:

20. By OUTPUTTING it through
different devices

21. “How does a computer
manipulates the information or
data?”
QUESTION #2:

22. INPUT PROCESS STORAGE
OUTPUT

23. “What are examples of the
Digital Devices?”
QUESTION:

24. GENERATION:
OLD GENERATION NEW GENERATION

25. OLD and NEW GENERATION
MAINFRAME COMPUTER

26. OLD GENERATION
MINICOMPUTER

27. OLD GENERATION
MICROCOMPUTER

28. NEW GENERATION
PERSONAL COMPUTER
• Microprocessor-based computing device
designed to meet the computing needs
of an individual
• Desktop computers
• Notebook (or “laptop”) computers

29. NEW GENERATION
Servers
• Main purpose is to serve other computers on a
network (LAN, internet) by supplying them with
data
• Any computer can be a server or a client
• Client
• any software or digital device that requests data from
server
• High performance servers are needed when there
is a need for lots of users and rapid response

30. NEW GENERATION
Supercomputer
• One of the fastest computers at the time of construction
• Tackle complex tasks and computer intensive problems
• massive amounts of data
• complex mathematical equations
• Examples:
• breaking codes
• modeling world-wide weather systems
• simulation of nuclear explosions

31. NEW GENERATION
Supercomputer
• Titan of Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
• Memory: 710TB (598TB CPU and 112
TB GPU)
• Storage: 10 PB (240 GB/s IO)
• For scientific research

32. NEW GENERATION
Video Game Consoles

33. NEW GENERATION
Mobile phones

34. “How do computers store
data?”
QUESTION:

35. BINARY VALUES
1’s & 0’s

36. “How do computers represents
data?”
QUESTION:

37. Digital & Analog

38. •Digital data
• two discrete digits such as 0s or 1s,
on or off, true or false, yes or no
•Analog data
• scale of values
•Example: standard light switch
and dimmer switch

39. •Digital data
• Is represented using BITS
A Bit – binary digit (1 or 0)
Uses sequences of Bits

40. Computer Organization
• Six Logical Units
• Input unit
• Output unit
• Memory unit
• Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
• Central processing unit (CPU)
• Secondary storage unit
40

41. “What are the basic parts of the
computer?”
QUESTION:

42. Hardware and Software

43. “What are the tangible parts of
the computer?”
QUESTION:

44. Hardware

46. Analysis
• How important are the parts of the computer?
• Relate what you’ve seen in the video to a real life
situation.
• Cite some examples
(Stand Up Game)
46

47. Hardware
monitor
system
unit
mouse
keyboard
speakers

48. Hardware
monitor
system
unit
mouse
keyboard
speakers
Case that holds the
circuit boards,
microprocessor,
memory, power supply
and storage devices

50. Analysis
• What is your observation from the video before?
• Relate what you’ve seen in the video to a real life
situation.
• Cite some examples
(Stand Up Game)
50

51. Hardware
• Sound system
• output of digital music, recorded speech and sound effects
51

52. Hardware
• Printer
• produces output on paper
52

53. Hardware
• Network and internet access
• most computers contain built-in circuitry for wired or wireless connections to
computer networks
53

54. “What are the intangible parts
of the computer?”
QUESTION:

55. Softwares

56. Software
• Program that a computer uses in order to function
• Kept on some hardware device like a hard disk, but it itself
is intangible
• Programs act like instructions for the processor
• Application Programs
• programs that people use to get their work done
• perform specific task
56

57. Software
• Compilers
• Translates computer programs to machine language
• Machine language
• Language that your computer understands
57

58. Software
• Systems Programs
• Programs that are needed to keep all the hardware and
software systems running together smoothly
• Examples are operating systems
• Linux Ubuntu
• Windows 7
• Unix
• Mac OS X
58

59. Programming Languages
• A standardized communication technique for expressing instructions
to a computer
• Each language has its own syntax and grammar
• These instructions are translated into machine language that can be
understood by computers
• Example:
• C, C++, Java, PHP,Visual Basic 2010, Python
59

60. Software Licenses
• Proprietary
• purchased
• source code is not available
• cannot make copies for others
• Freeware
• free but source code is not available
• Open source
• free and source code is available
60

62. Analysis
• What is your observation from the video before?
• How deeply involved is applications to our lives?
• Cite some examples
(Stand Up Game)
62

63. “Is it good for us to be involved
with applications?”
QUESTION: (PHILOSOPHICAL CHAIRS)
AGREE – SIT ON THE LEFT SIDE
DISAGREE – SIT ON THE RIGHT SIDE

64. “What is the program that lets
you communicate with the
computer ?”
QUESTION:

65. Operating Systems

67. ANALYSIS:
• What are your reactions based on the video?
• How different is the Operating Systems for the Computer and for the
mobile devices?
• Cite examples
67

68. Operating Systems
• Most important software that runs on a computer
• Manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its software
and hardware
• Allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how
to speak the computer's “language”
• Without an OS, the computer is useless
68

69. Operating Systems - Personal Computers
• MicrosoftWindows - 2000, XP,Vista, 7, 8
• Mac OS X – Snow Leopard, Lion, Mountain Lion
• Linux distributions - Red-Hat, Ubuntu, Knoppix, SuSE, Fedora,
Debian
• Various BSD's - FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD
• Others like UNIX, Google Chrome OS, Chromium OS, OpenSolaris,
MS-DOS
69

70. Evolution of Windows OS
• 1982–1985:Windows 1.0
• 1987–1992:Windows 2.0–2.11—More windows, more speed
• 1990–1994:Windows 3.0–Windows NT—Getting the graphics
• 1995–2001:Windows 95—the PC comes of age
• 1998–2000: Windows 98,Windows 2000, Windows Me
70

71. Evolution of Windows OS
• 2001–2005:Windows XP—Stable, usable, and fast
• 2006–2008: WindowsVista—Smart on security
• 2009: Windows 7
• 2012:Windows 8
• Present: Windows 10
71

72. Windows 2.0
72

73. Windows NT (1990-1994)
73

74. Windows 98, Windows 2000,
Windows Me (1998-2000)
74

75. Windows XP (2001-2005)
75

76. Windows Vista (2006-2008)
76

77. Windows 7 (2009)
77

78. Windows 8 (2012)
78

79. Windows 10 (Present)
79

80. “Try to remember the very first computer
you have: ”
HOW FAST ISTHE COMPUTERS NOWADAYS?
Share your answer through telling us what type of computers have you
experienced using until to the present?
Share your observations

81. Operating Systems – Mobile Devices
• webOS
• developed for PDAs and
smartphones of Palm
• later acquired by HP, then LG
Electronics
81

82. Operating Systems – Mobile Devices
•Symbian
• used by Nokia and Ericson
smartphones
• became open source in
2010
• Home screen of Nokia
Belle
82

83. Operating Systems – Mobile Devices
• Windows Phone
• replacedWindows Mobile OS in 2010
• features a series of “tiles” that represent apps,
contacts, media
• latest stable release is version 8.0.10211.204
(Portico)
• HTC 8X
• Nokia Lumia 820
83

84. Operating Systems – Mobile Devices
• BlackBerry OS
• proprietary OS produced by RIM
• key feature is ability to work with corporate email systems produced by
Microsoft and IBM
84

85. Operating Systems – Mobile Devices
• Android OS
• open source OS developed by Google
• designed for smartphones and tablets
• based on Linux kernel
• runs on Samsung, Sony, HTC, LG,
Motorola phones
• Latest release is version 4.2.x (Jelly Bean)
85

86. Operating Systems – Mobile Devices
• iOS
• developed by Apple, Inc.
• designed for iPads, iPhones and devices
by Apple
• first handheld OS to offer routines that
manage gesture inputs
• iOS6 on iPhone 5
86

87. “Nokia CEO cries: we didn’t do
anything wrong, but somehow,
we lost?”
QUESTION: GIVE YOUR REACTIONS ABOUT THIS STATEMENT
WHAT LESSONS CAN YOU LEARNED FROM THIS?