1) The document discusses first aid for closed and open wounds. It defines first aid and provides guidelines for safely administering first aid. 2) It describes types of closed wounds like bruises, sprains, and strains, and their symptoms. The first aid treatment of RICE is outlined. 3) Open wounds discussed include abrasions, lacerations, punctures, and incisions. Do's and don'ts of first aid for open wounds are provided.

5. LESSON 1:
Learning Basic First Aid
SECOND QUARTER
HEALTH 5 & 6

6. Staying Safe
When your companion gets hurt, the first
thing that needs to be done is to check the
place for hazards.
Be observant. Use your senses to make sure
you are safe where you are.

7. What is FIRST AID?
First aid is the immediate, temporary care given to
a person who suddenly becomes ill or injured, and
medical assistance is unavailable or delayed.

8. Objectives of first aid:
prolong life until medical help arrives
prevent an injury or illness from
deteriorating or getting worse
ease pain from injury or illness

9. Guidelines in order to make sure you are
safe before starting first aid:
If the place is safe, stay where you are and begin first
aid until help arrives.
If you fee the place is unsafe and your companion can
move, vacate the place as soon as possible.
If only you or your companion are able to move, go and
find help.
If you are alone and cannot move or if neither you nor
your companion can move, shout for help or try to send a
signal so that someone can come and help you.

10. Contn. Guidelines…
If you encounter a person who is hurt, make sure it
is safe before you approach and offer your help.
Do not panic. Stay as calm as you can. It is easier to
think if you are calm.
Do not force yourself or your companion to move if
you feel a part of the body is broken.
Remember, always think safe.

12. Hazard (is a danger or risk) or NOT?

13. Activity: Health Notebook
What will you do in the following situations? Write it on the
line.
1. If the place is safe, __________________.
2. If the place is unsafe and I can move,
________________.
3. If the place is unsafe and neither I nor my companion can
move, __________________.
4. If I see a road accident and someone is injured,
________________.
5. If the place is unsafe and I can move but my companion
cannot, _________________.

14. Lesson 2: Types of Wounds
and What Can You Do

15. A. Closed Wound
Wounds that cause damage to soft tissue beneath
the skin but do not actually cause a break in the
skin’s outer layer.

16. Examples of Minor Closed Wounds
Minor Closed Wounds Symptoms Cause/s
1. Bruise or Hematoma -local pain and swelling
-black and blue
discoloration that changes
and lightens as it heals
-caused by impact of hard object
or surface on the body
2. Sprained ligament -pain at location of injury
that increase on contact
or movement
-swelling of affected area
-reduced normal
movement
-usually resulting from sudden
force causing a joint to move
beyond its normal range
3. Strained Muscle -pain at location of injury
-tenderness in affected
area
-results from overstretching of
muscles that has not been
sufficiently warmed up

17. SPRAIN vs STRAIN
A sprain is a stretch or tear in a ligament.
Ligaments are bands of fibrous tissue that connect
bones to bones at joints.
A strain is also a stretch or tear, but it happens in
a muscle or a tendon. Tendons link muscles to the
bones.

19. Sprained
Ligament

21. FIRST AID for CLOSED WOUNDS
RESTRICT – Restrict movement.
ICE – Apply ice on the affected area to reduce
swelling.
COMPRESS – Put an elastic bandage to prevent
further swelling but ensure the blood flow is not
restricted.
ELEVATE – Raise the injured part to a higher
position than actual if it does not cause pain.

22. B. Open Wounds
Those that cause a break or tear on the skin
Can cause disruption in the continuity of the skin,
thus the presence of blood
Bleeding

23. Examples of OPEN WOUNDS
Abrasion
-superficial wound caused by
rubbing or scraping resulting in
the partial loss of skin surface
Laceration
-is characterized by a jagged
incision through the skin’s
surface

24. Examples of OPEN WOUNDS
Puncture
-is a stab from a pointed object
such as an ice pick, nail, or knife
Incision
-a cut in the skin caused by a sharp
object like a blade or knife. It is
different from lacerated as the
wound is smooth

25. Examples of OPEN WOUNDS
Avulsion
-shows tearing of a patch of skin and other tissues
that are not totally torn off which leaves a hanging
flap or loose patch of skin

26. Examples of
OPEN
WOUNDS

27. First Aid
DOs and DONT‘s for Open Wounds
For minor cuts and scrapes, wash with soap and
water.
Put antiseptic cream or ointment to avoid infection.
Protect the wound from infection and
contamination by applying dressing and/or bandage.
Do not wash or apply ointment on a wound that is
large, deep, and profusely bleeding.

29. Assignment
Performance Task: First Aid for Closed Wounds
(RICE)
Criteria Points Score
Use of First Aid 10
Application 25
Knowledge of the
Steps
20
Behavior during the
performance of the
activity (relaxed,
panicked, or nervous)
5
TOTAL 60