This document provides information on first aid, including definitions, principles, assessment of emergencies, wound treatment, transporting victims, and first aid for common injuries. It defines first aid, outlines the roles and objectives of first aid providers. It describes how to assess emergency situations, treat wounds through dressing and bandaging, safely transport victims using various carries, and provides steps for treating fractures, dislocations, heat exhaustion, choking, drowning, and other injuries.

1. Unintentional
Injury
Prevention
Safety
First Aid
Ms. Joana Marie M. Bernasol
Bro. Andrew Gonzalez Technical High School

2. First Aid
is an immediate and temporary care given to
a person who suddenly gets ill or injured.
It includes self-help and home care if medical
assistance is not available or delayed.
It can mean the difference between life and
death in extreme cases.

3. Roles of First Aid
1. It is a bridge that feels the gap between the
victim and the physician
2. It is not intended to compete with or to take
place of the services of the physician
3. It ends when the services of the physician
begins.

4. Objectives of First Aid
1. To save lives
2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering
4. To prevent further injury

5. Characteristics of a Good
First Aider
1. Gentle- does not cause pain and panic
2. Observant- notices all signs
3. Resourceful- makes the best use of things at
hand
4. Tactful- does not frighten the victim
5. Sympathetic- comforts and reassures the
victim

6. Principles of First Aid
Do’s
1. Stay calm
2. Reassure and comfort the
victim
3. Check for medical bracelet
4. Loosen any tight clothing
5. Keep the victim covered to
reduce shock
Don’ts
1. Don’t give food and
drink to an unconscious
person
2. Don’t move an injured
person unless you need
to place him/her in the
recovery position

7. Steps in Assessing
Emergency Situations

8. Is anyone in danger?
If yes, can the
danger be easily
managed?
If it cannot, call
for emergency
help and protect
the scene.
Move to the quietest victim
Gently shake the
shoulders and ask
question
If the victim
responds, treat any
life-threatening
conditions
If there is no
response, check
the airway
Open the air way
Do the
“Head Tilt-
Chin Lift
Method”
Check for breathing
If breathing,
check for any
life-threatening
conditions
If not breathing,
rescue breaths
If rescuer is
alone, call for
ambulance
Look for signs
of circulation
If the victim is a
child or an adult
who has suffered
from a drowning or
accident, proceed
directly to CPR.
Otherwise, look for
signs of life such as
movement and
normal skin color

9. Dressing and
Bandaging

10. Wounds
is a break in the continuity of a
tissue in the body.
It may be closed in which there is
no break or damage in the skin. It is
also called hematoma or contusions.

11. Kinds of Open Wounds
1. Puncture is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles and
other pointed objects
2. Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin
against a rough surface.
3. Incision is a cut caused by knife, broken glass or any
sharp object.
4. Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues
usually resulting from mishandling tools and other
accidents.
5. Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of
tissues.

12. Dressing
•A piece of sterile cloth that
covers a wound to prevent
infection and/or to stop
bleeding

13. Bandages
• have three key uses:
1. applying pressure to bleeding wounds;
2. covering wounds and burns;
3. and providing support and immobilization for broken bones,
sprains, and strains.
• These includes gauze, triangular, Elastic, and
tubular bandage.

14. Two Phases of Bandaging
Open Phase Bandaging
Cravat Phase bandaging

15. Bandaging for head injuries Chest Bandage

16. Hand Bandage Underarm Sling

17. Head Cravat BandageArm Sling

18. Cravat Bandage for NeckCravat Bandage for Temple

19. Cravat Bandage for ElbowCravat Bandage for Temple

20. Cravat Bandage for ElbowCravat Bandage for Knee

21. Cravat Bandage for ForearmCravat Bandage for Leg

22. Cravat Bandage for PalmCravat Bandage for Foot

23. Shoulder/Armpit Cravat

24. Carrying and
Transporting

25. Factors to consider:
• Weight and height of the victim
• Status of the victim (conscious or unconscious)
• Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow or
wide)
• Special need considerations (injuries of the
victims)

26. Kinds of
Transport
One Man Transport
Three or More Man Transport

27. One Man Transport
Fireman’s Carry
• the easiest way to
transport a light
and smaller victim

28. One Man Transport
Pack Strap Carry
• when the victim is
smaller than the
first aider

29. One Man Transport
Shoulder Drag
• used when the floor
is smooth, short
distance transport

30. One Man Transport
Fireman’s Drag or
Tied-Hands Crawl
• used when first
aider and victim
must crawl
underneath a low
structure

31. One Man Transport
Blanket Drag
• used when the
victim is seriously
injured and should
not be lifted.

32. Three or more-Man Transport
Hammock Carry
• used when there
are three first
aiders

33. Three or more-Man Transport
Chair or Seat Carry
• when there are two
first aiders and a
chair is available

34. Three or more-Man Transport
Bearer Along Side
Carry
• carriers will stay
on the uninjured
side of the victim

35. Three or more-Man Transport
Six-Man Lift or
Carry
• When there are six
first aiders

36. First Aid for Common
Unintentional Injuries
Fracture Dislocation Heat exhaustion
Sprain Food Poisoning Choking
Drowning Heart Attack Chemical Burns
Burns Heat Stroke Stroke

37. Fracture
1. Check vital Signs
2. Do not move the injured part
3. Stop bleeding if there is any
4. If you have to move the person, immobilize
the broken part by splinting
5. Seek medical help immediately

38. Dislocation
1. Call for help immediately
2. Splint the affected part
3. Do not try to move the dislocated part or
force it back into place
4. Apply ice on the injured part to induce
swelling

39. Sprain/Strain
1. Rest the injured part
2. Apply ice
3. Compress the injured part
4. Elevate

40. Heat Exhaustion
1. Transport the victim to a cool place
2. Give him plenty of water
3. Check for vital signs
4. Seek for medical help

41. Food Poisoning
1. Help the person to lie down and rest
2. Give him plenty of flavorless fluid and a
bowl to use if he vomits
3. Call for medical help if the condition
worsens

42. Choking
1. Ask the person if he is choking
2. Encourage him to cough
3. Give him 5 back blows if he cannot speak
or stops coughing
4. If it fails, try abdominal thrusts
5. Check his mouth for obstructions
6. If not clear, call for ambulance

43. Drowning
1. Lay the person down
2. Check breathing and open the airway
3. Give CPR if necessary
4. If he is breathing, place him in recovery
position
5. Treat for hypothermia by removing wet
clothes and cover with dry blanket

44. Heart Attack
1. Help the person sit or lie down with head
elevated
2. Call for medical help
3. If he is conscious, give full-dose aspirin
and advise to chew slowly
4. Monitor vital signs
5. Give rescue breaths and chest
compression if necessary

45. Chemical Burns
1. Make sure that contact with the
electrical source is broken
2. Flood with plenty of water
3. Wear gloves and place sterile dressing
or bandage
4. Call for medical help
5. Treat for possible shock

46. Burns
1. Flood with cold water and cover if minor
2. Fro severe, help the person to lie down
and douse the burn with cold liquid
3. Do not delay medical help
4. Wear gloves and gently remove
accessories/clothing then cover
5. Monitor vital signs and treat for shock

47. Heat Stroke
1. Move to a cool place and loosen clothing
2. Call for medical help
3. Wrap in cold wet sheet until it returns
to normal body temperature
4. Monitor vital signs

48. Stroke
1. If conscious, help the victim to lie down with head
and shoulders raised/supported
2. Place a towel on shoulder to absord any dribbling
3. Call for help
4. Loosen tight clothing
5. Monitor vital signs
6. Be ready to give rescue breaths and chest
compressions