This document provides design guidelines for a boost DC/DC converter circuit using the NJM2377 controller IC. It describes:
1) The basic operation and equations for determining output voltage, switching times, inductor selection, peak inductor current, and output capacitor selection.
2) The application circuit configuration using the NJM2377, including settings for soft start time, oscillation frequency, and feedback loop.
3) Expected performance characteristics like output voltage, ripple voltage, efficiency and response to load changes. Simulation waveforms verify the circuit design meets specifications.
APEC 2010 ACDC Live Demo Tech SessionPresentation_Feb 19 2010Steve Mappus
The document describes a 300W AC-DC power supply design using Fairchild semiconductor components. It uses an interleaved boost PFC converter with the FAN9612 controller to regulate the output to 390VDC with over 90% efficiency. A 300W asymmetrical half-bridge DC-DC converter with the FSFA2100 controller then converts the 390VDC to a 12VDC output with over 92% total efficiency. Design waveforms and performance data are provided to show the operation and benefits of the interleaved PFC and DC-DC converter topology.
(1) Current shaping strategies for buck power factor correction converters are discussed. (2) Sine-squared modulation is analyzed where the average inductor current is shaped to follow a sine-squared waveform to improve the power factor. (3) The K-value, which determines the conduction angle and power factor, is analyzed and its impact on the harmonic content of the input current is shown, with various harmonics either meeting or violating Class C and Class D emission standards based on the K-value.
Ls catalog thiet bi tu dong dpr 1000-e_dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
Original N-Channel Mosfet FMV12N50E 12N50E 500V 12A TO-220F New Fuji ElectricAUTHELECTRONIC
This document summarizes the specifications and characteristics of the FMV12N50E power MOSFET from Fuji Electric. Key details include:
- It is an N-channel silicon power MOSFET with features like low power loss, controllable switching, and high avalanche durability.
- It can be used in applications such as switching regulators, UPS systems, and DC-DC converters.
- Electrical characteristics are provided like breakdown voltage, threshold voltage, on-resistance, capacitance and switching times.
- Graphs illustrate characteristics like output, transfer and safe operating area.
- Maximum ratings include drain-source voltage, current and power dissipation.
Sinusoidal PWM has been a very popular technique used in AC motor control. This is a method that employs a triangular carrier wave modulated by a sine wave and the points of intersection determining the switching points of the power devices in the inverter.
Torque Systems specializes in high performance brush servo motors like the TORQUEMASTER 4100 series. These motors provide smooth operation, accurate control, high torque-to-inertia ratios, and long service life. The 4100 series delivers superior low and high speed performance with maximum power ratings. It is available in different torque and speed configurations to meet various industrial automation and machinery applications.
Dynamic Analysis and Testing of on-load tap changerLeonardo Nicolini
The dynamic resistance measurement (DRM) was developed to analyze the switching process of on-load tap changers (OLTCs), which have a high failure rate of around 30%. DRM allows detection of issues like arcing contacts or switching interruptions by measuring the fast switching process. To properly analyze DRM results, it is important to know the OLTC type and construction. DRM analysis focuses on features of the current curve during switching, like amplitude, which indicates contact resistance, and timing, which may show mechanical problems. Proper test currents around 3-5A provide a stable measurement. Shorting the secondary side increases sensitivity. Switching direction and tap position can impact results due to differences in winding configuration.
APEC 2010 ACDC Live Demo Tech SessionPresentation_Feb 19 2010Steve Mappus
The document describes a 300W AC-DC power supply design using Fairchild semiconductor components. It uses an interleaved boost PFC converter with the FAN9612 controller to regulate the output to 390VDC with over 90% efficiency. A 300W asymmetrical half-bridge DC-DC converter with the FSFA2100 controller then converts the 390VDC to a 12VDC output with over 92% total efficiency. Design waveforms and performance data are provided to show the operation and benefits of the interleaved PFC and DC-DC converter topology.
(1) Current shaping strategies for buck power factor correction converters are discussed. (2) Sine-squared modulation is analyzed where the average inductor current is shaped to follow a sine-squared waveform to improve the power factor. (3) The K-value, which determines the conduction angle and power factor, is analyzed and its impact on the harmonic content of the input current is shown, with various harmonics either meeting or violating Class C and Class D emission standards based on the K-value.
Ls catalog thiet bi tu dong dpr 1000-e_dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
Original N-Channel Mosfet FMV12N50E 12N50E 500V 12A TO-220F New Fuji ElectricAUTHELECTRONIC
This document summarizes the specifications and characteristics of the FMV12N50E power MOSFET from Fuji Electric. Key details include:
- It is an N-channel silicon power MOSFET with features like low power loss, controllable switching, and high avalanche durability.
- It can be used in applications such as switching regulators, UPS systems, and DC-DC converters.
- Electrical characteristics are provided like breakdown voltage, threshold voltage, on-resistance, capacitance and switching times.
- Graphs illustrate characteristics like output, transfer and safe operating area.
- Maximum ratings include drain-source voltage, current and power dissipation.
Sinusoidal PWM has been a very popular technique used in AC motor control. This is a method that employs a triangular carrier wave modulated by a sine wave and the points of intersection determining the switching points of the power devices in the inverter.
Torque Systems specializes in high performance brush servo motors like the TORQUEMASTER 4100 series. These motors provide smooth operation, accurate control, high torque-to-inertia ratios, and long service life. The 4100 series delivers superior low and high speed performance with maximum power ratings. It is available in different torque and speed configurations to meet various industrial automation and machinery applications.
Dynamic Analysis and Testing of on-load tap changerLeonardo Nicolini
The dynamic resistance measurement (DRM) was developed to analyze the switching process of on-load tap changers (OLTCs), which have a high failure rate of around 30%. DRM allows detection of issues like arcing contacts or switching interruptions by measuring the fast switching process. To properly analyze DRM results, it is important to know the OLTC type and construction. DRM analysis focuses on features of the current curve during switching, like amplitude, which indicates contact resistance, and timing, which may show mechanical problems. Proper test currents around 3-5A provide a stable measurement. Shorting the secondary side increases sensitivity. Switching direction and tap position can impact results due to differences in winding configuration.
Close Loop V/F Control of Voltage Source Inverter using Sinusoidal PWM, Third...IAES-IJPEDS
The aim of this paper to presents a comparative analysis of Voltage Source
Inverter using Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Method, Third Harmonic
Injection Pulse Width Modulation Method and Space Vector Pulse Width
Modulation Two level inverter for Induction Motor. In this paper we have
designed the Simulink model of Inverter for different technique. An above
technique is used to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on the AC
side of the Inverter. The Simulink model is close loop. Results are analyzed
using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) which is for analysis of the Total
Harmonic Distortion. All simulations are performed in the MATLAB
Simulink / Simulink environment of MATLAB.
ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING COURSE
Lect 2- Electric Machines
Please subscribe to my YouTube Channel for best training lectures:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRkUJFOsyZG1E1LDWzUr_hw
Tutorial on Distance and Over Current ProtectionSARAVANAN A
Contents
• Protection Philosophy of ERPC
• Computation of Distance Relay Setting
• System Study to Understand Distance Relay
Behaviour
• DOC and DEF for EHV system
This document provides a site test report for a transformer differential relay. It includes summaries of general data and information, mechanical checks, electrical tests including function tests and secondary injection tests to check pickup and dropout values of differential currents. Test results are provided to check the relay's response to differential currents, bias characteristics, and blocking of second and fifth harmonic currents, as specified in the testing standards. Signatures are included to verify completion of the on-site testing.
Wide Vin DC/DC Converters: Reliable Power for Demanding ApplicationsDesign World
The document discusses wide input voltage (wide Vin) DC-DC converters, highlighting their use in industrial, automotive, and communications systems where input voltages can vary widely and experience transients. It presents challenges faced in these applications and how Texas Instruments' wide Vin controllers and integrated modules address issues like reliability across voltage ranges, overload protection, and high power density with low EMI. Examples are given of wide Vin solutions for isolated bias supplies, boost converters, and automotive systems dealing with start-stop events and battery voltage variations.
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) techniques are used to control output voltages of power converters. There are three main PWM methods: Sine PWM uses a reference sine wave compared to a triangular carrier wave to generate PWM signals; Hysteresis PWM uses a feedback control loop with variable switching frequency to maintain output within a hysteresis band; Space Vector PWM approximates the reference voltage vector using combinations of the eight switching states and their durations to reduce harmonic distortion and improve voltage utilization.
Original N-Channel Mosfet FMH23N50E 23N50E 500V 23A TO-247 New FujiAUTHELECTRONIC
This document provides specifications and characteristics for the FMH23N50E N-channel silicon power MOSFET from Fuji Electric. Key points include:
- It maintains low power loss and low noise while having a lower RDS(on) characteristic for more controllable switching.
- Its applications include switching regulators, UPS systems, and DC-DC converters.
- It provides maximum ratings and typical electrical characteristics like breakdown voltage, threshold voltage, on-resistance, capacitance and switching times.
- Graphs illustrate characteristics like output, safe operating area, gate charge and thermal performance.
- It has high avalanche durability and capabilities for repetitive switching applications.
This document discusses short-circuit calculations, protective device coordination, and arc flash analysis. It covers topics such as short-circuit fault types and calculations, the purpose of short-circuit studies, system components involved, and protective device coordination principles. Methods to perform arc flash analysis and mitigate incident energy exposure are also examined, such as improving coordination settings, installing current limiting fuses or circuit breakers, and using Type 50 protective devices.
Original MOSFET P20NM60 20NM60 20N60C3 20N60 NewAUTHELECTRONIC
The document describes several power MOSFET devices. It provides key information on their electrical ratings and characteristics including:
- Maximum voltage, current, and power ratings.
- On-resistance, threshold voltage, capacitance values.
- Safe operating area curves and switching/recovery times.
- Package details for TO-220, D2PAK, TO-247, and TO-220FP packages.
Sinusoidal PWM compares a sinusoidal control signal to a triangular carrier signal. When the control signal is greater than the carrier signal, the output is high. This generates pulses whose width is proportional to the sinusoidal signal amplitude. The frequency of the triangular carrier wave determines the number of pulses per half cycle of the output waveform. Sinusoidal PWM provides better performance than other PWM techniques and improves input power factor independent of output voltage, though it increases switching losses in power devices.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The document provides information about oscillography analysis software and examples of its use in analyzing relay operations. It includes:
- Descriptions of software features for waveform capture, phasor and time domain displays, and interpreting relay data.
- An example of a differential relay tripping during commissioning due to incorrect CT and transformer configurations in the relay settings.
- Analysis of the oscillography data to determine the root cause and correct relay applications.
- Another example of loss of field operation where analysis determined the time delay setting was incorrect.
- A final example of a differential relay tripping during an external ground fault where analysis checked differential currents and identified a problem with a phase A CT.
The document describes the UCC3895 BiCMOS advanced phase-shift PWM controller. It has features such as programmable output turn-on delay, adaptive delay set, bidirectional oscillator synchronization, and voltage-mode or current-mode control. It can operate at frequencies up to 1 MHz with typical operating current of 5 mA at 500 kHz. The UCC3895 is a phase-shift PWM controller that implements full-bridge power stage control by phase shifting one half-bridge with respect to the other, allowing constant frequency pulse-width modulation with zero-voltage switching for high efficiency at high frequencies. It improves on previous controller families with additional features such as enhanced control logic and adaptive delay set.
The document discusses myths around condition monitoring of wind turbine drive trains. It presents data on common failures in gearboxes from different inspection techniques and discusses sensor locations that can detect these failures. Charts show examples of vibration data from the high speed section, planetary section, and generator bearing that indicate developing faults. The document argues that condition monitoring can detect planet section issues, is cost justified, and helps avoid unexpected breakdowns through trend analysis of key components.
�The sample calculations shown here illustrate steps involved in calculating the relay settings for generator protection.
�Other methodologies and techniques may be applied to calculate relay settings based on specific applications.
This document provides an analysis of energy usage at a power plant and recommendations for improving energy efficiency. It analyzes key performance metrics like turbine heat rate and auxiliary power consumption. It then provides several recommendations in areas like standardizing maintenance practices, improving boiler efficiency, reducing steam leakages, adopting new technologies like VFDs, managing reactive power, and reducing lighting consumption. Specific examples estimate energy and cost savings from installing VFDs on fans and replacing lighting with more efficient bulbs. The goal is to standardize operations and maintenance to maximize the efficiency and output of existing equipment.
The document describes the design and operation of a boost DC/DC converter circuit using the NJM2377 control IC. Key aspects covered include:
1) The basic operation of a PWM boost converter and equations for determining output voltage, inductor selection, peak currents, and output capacitor selection.
2) The application circuit configuration using the NJM2377 IC, including settings for soft start time, oscillation frequency, and feedback loop parameters.
3) Simulation results verifying the circuit performance in terms of output voltage, ripple, efficiency and response to load changes.
Original IGBT N-CHANNEL STGP7NC60HD GP7NC60HD 7NC60 14A 600V TO-220 Newauthelectroniccom
This document provides product information and specifications for N-channel 14 A, 600 V, very fast IGBT devices with an ultrafast diode (STGB7NC60HD, STGF7NC60HD, STGP7NC60HD) including:
- Key features such as low on-voltage drop, off losses including tail current, and high frequency operation up to 70 kHz.
- Applications including high frequency inverters, SMPS/PFC, and motor drivers.
- Package and ordering information for the IGBT devices in various packages including TO-220, TO-220FP, and D2PAK.
- Electrical ratings and characteristics including voltage, current, thermal data
Close Loop V/F Control of Voltage Source Inverter using Sinusoidal PWM, Third...IAES-IJPEDS
The aim of this paper to presents a comparative analysis of Voltage Source
Inverter using Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Method, Third Harmonic
Injection Pulse Width Modulation Method and Space Vector Pulse Width
Modulation Two level inverter for Induction Motor. In this paper we have
designed the Simulink model of Inverter for different technique. An above
technique is used to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on the AC
side of the Inverter. The Simulink model is close loop. Results are analyzed
using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) which is for analysis of the Total
Harmonic Distortion. All simulations are performed in the MATLAB
Simulink / Simulink environment of MATLAB.
ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING COURSE
Lect 2- Electric Machines
Please subscribe to my YouTube Channel for best training lectures:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRkUJFOsyZG1E1LDWzUr_hw
Tutorial on Distance and Over Current ProtectionSARAVANAN A
Contents
• Protection Philosophy of ERPC
• Computation of Distance Relay Setting
• System Study to Understand Distance Relay
Behaviour
• DOC and DEF for EHV system
This document provides a site test report for a transformer differential relay. It includes summaries of general data and information, mechanical checks, electrical tests including function tests and secondary injection tests to check pickup and dropout values of differential currents. Test results are provided to check the relay's response to differential currents, bias characteristics, and blocking of second and fifth harmonic currents, as specified in the testing standards. Signatures are included to verify completion of the on-site testing.
Wide Vin DC/DC Converters: Reliable Power for Demanding ApplicationsDesign World
The document discusses wide input voltage (wide Vin) DC-DC converters, highlighting their use in industrial, automotive, and communications systems where input voltages can vary widely and experience transients. It presents challenges faced in these applications and how Texas Instruments' wide Vin controllers and integrated modules address issues like reliability across voltage ranges, overload protection, and high power density with low EMI. Examples are given of wide Vin solutions for isolated bias supplies, boost converters, and automotive systems dealing with start-stop events and battery voltage variations.
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) techniques are used to control output voltages of power converters. There are three main PWM methods: Sine PWM uses a reference sine wave compared to a triangular carrier wave to generate PWM signals; Hysteresis PWM uses a feedback control loop with variable switching frequency to maintain output within a hysteresis band; Space Vector PWM approximates the reference voltage vector using combinations of the eight switching states and their durations to reduce harmonic distortion and improve voltage utilization.
Original N-Channel Mosfet FMH23N50E 23N50E 500V 23A TO-247 New FujiAUTHELECTRONIC
This document provides specifications and characteristics for the FMH23N50E N-channel silicon power MOSFET from Fuji Electric. Key points include:
- It maintains low power loss and low noise while having a lower RDS(on) characteristic for more controllable switching.
- Its applications include switching regulators, UPS systems, and DC-DC converters.
- It provides maximum ratings and typical electrical characteristics like breakdown voltage, threshold voltage, on-resistance, capacitance and switching times.
- Graphs illustrate characteristics like output, safe operating area, gate charge and thermal performance.
- It has high avalanche durability and capabilities for repetitive switching applications.
This document discusses short-circuit calculations, protective device coordination, and arc flash analysis. It covers topics such as short-circuit fault types and calculations, the purpose of short-circuit studies, system components involved, and protective device coordination principles. Methods to perform arc flash analysis and mitigate incident energy exposure are also examined, such as improving coordination settings, installing current limiting fuses or circuit breakers, and using Type 50 protective devices.
Original MOSFET P20NM60 20NM60 20N60C3 20N60 NewAUTHELECTRONIC
The document describes several power MOSFET devices. It provides key information on their electrical ratings and characteristics including:
- Maximum voltage, current, and power ratings.
- On-resistance, threshold voltage, capacitance values.
- Safe operating area curves and switching/recovery times.
- Package details for TO-220, D2PAK, TO-247, and TO-220FP packages.
Sinusoidal PWM compares a sinusoidal control signal to a triangular carrier signal. When the control signal is greater than the carrier signal, the output is high. This generates pulses whose width is proportional to the sinusoidal signal amplitude. The frequency of the triangular carrier wave determines the number of pulses per half cycle of the output waveform. Sinusoidal PWM provides better performance than other PWM techniques and improves input power factor independent of output voltage, though it increases switching losses in power devices.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The document provides information about oscillography analysis software and examples of its use in analyzing relay operations. It includes:
- Descriptions of software features for waveform capture, phasor and time domain displays, and interpreting relay data.
- An example of a differential relay tripping during commissioning due to incorrect CT and transformer configurations in the relay settings.
- Analysis of the oscillography data to determine the root cause and correct relay applications.
- Another example of loss of field operation where analysis determined the time delay setting was incorrect.
- A final example of a differential relay tripping during an external ground fault where analysis checked differential currents and identified a problem with a phase A CT.
The document describes the UCC3895 BiCMOS advanced phase-shift PWM controller. It has features such as programmable output turn-on delay, adaptive delay set, bidirectional oscillator synchronization, and voltage-mode or current-mode control. It can operate at frequencies up to 1 MHz with typical operating current of 5 mA at 500 kHz. The UCC3895 is a phase-shift PWM controller that implements full-bridge power stage control by phase shifting one half-bridge with respect to the other, allowing constant frequency pulse-width modulation with zero-voltage switching for high efficiency at high frequencies. It improves on previous controller families with additional features such as enhanced control logic and adaptive delay set.
The document discusses myths around condition monitoring of wind turbine drive trains. It presents data on common failures in gearboxes from different inspection techniques and discusses sensor locations that can detect these failures. Charts show examples of vibration data from the high speed section, planetary section, and generator bearing that indicate developing faults. The document argues that condition monitoring can detect planet section issues, is cost justified, and helps avoid unexpected breakdowns through trend analysis of key components.
�The sample calculations shown here illustrate steps involved in calculating the relay settings for generator protection.
�Other methodologies and techniques may be applied to calculate relay settings based on specific applications.
This document provides an analysis of energy usage at a power plant and recommendations for improving energy efficiency. It analyzes key performance metrics like turbine heat rate and auxiliary power consumption. It then provides several recommendations in areas like standardizing maintenance practices, improving boiler efficiency, reducing steam leakages, adopting new technologies like VFDs, managing reactive power, and reducing lighting consumption. Specific examples estimate energy and cost savings from installing VFDs on fans and replacing lighting with more efficient bulbs. The goal is to standardize operations and maintenance to maximize the efficiency and output of existing equipment.
The document describes the design and operation of a boost DC/DC converter circuit using the NJM2377 control IC. Key aspects covered include:
1) The basic operation of a PWM boost converter and equations for determining output voltage, inductor selection, peak currents, and output capacitor selection.
2) The application circuit configuration using the NJM2377 IC, including settings for soft start time, oscillation frequency, and feedback loop parameters.
3) Simulation results verifying the circuit performance in terms of output voltage, ripple, efficiency and response to load changes.
Original IGBT N-CHANNEL STGP7NC60HD GP7NC60HD 7NC60 14A 600V TO-220 Newauthelectroniccom
This document provides product information and specifications for N-channel 14 A, 600 V, very fast IGBT devices with an ultrafast diode (STGB7NC60HD, STGF7NC60HD, STGP7NC60HD) including:
- Key features such as low on-voltage drop, off losses including tail current, and high frequency operation up to 70 kHz.
- Applications including high frequency inverters, SMPS/PFC, and motor drivers.
- Package and ordering information for the IGBT devices in various packages including TO-220, TO-220FP, and D2PAK.
- Electrical ratings and characteristics including voltage, current, thermal data
This document provides specifications for the HGTG30N60A4D, a 600V, SMPS series N-channel IGBT with an anti-parallel hyperfast diode. The IGBT combines the high input impedance of a MOSFET and the low on-state conduction loss of a bipolar transistor. It is optimized for high frequency switch mode power supplies up to 200kHz and has low conduction losses, making it suitable for applications requiring efficient high voltage switching. The document includes maximum ratings, electrical specifications, and typical performance curves characterizing the device.
The NTE2361 and NTE2362 are complementary silicon transistors designed for high speed switching and general amplifier applications. They have a very high gain allowing them to be driven directly from integrated circuits. Key specifications include a breakdown voltage of 50V, continuous collector current of 500mA, and operating temperature range of -55°C to +150°C.
Original PNP Transistors PZT2907A PZT2907 2907 P2F SOT22-3 New On Semiconductorauthelectroniccom
This document provides information on three general purpose transistors - the PN2907A, MMBT2907A, and PZT2907A. It describes their key electrical and thermal characteristics such as current gain range, maximum ratings, and package options. Diagrams of their physical dimensions and typical performance curves are also included. The transistors are designed for use as amplifiers or switches in applications requiring up to 500mA of current.
Original MOSFET N-Channel STGF10NC60KD GF10NC60KD 10NC60 10N60 10A 600V NewAUTHELECTRONIC
This document provides information on N-channel 600V-10A IGBTs from STMicroelectronics' PowerMESH product family. The IGBTs feature low saturation voltage, low CRES/CIES ratio to prevent cross-conduction, and a soft recovery diode. They are optimized for high frequency motor control applications and can withstand short circuits up to 10 microseconds. Electrical characteristics, switching performance curves, package details, and test circuits are included for the D2PAK, TO-220, and TO-220FP packaged devices.
The LM555 is an integrated circuit used for generating accurate time delays or oscillations. It can be used in monostable or astable configuration. In monostable mode, the time delay is controlled by one resistor and capacitor. In astable mode, the frequency and duty cycle are controlled by two resistors and one capacitor. The circuit can be triggered and reset. The output can source or sink up to 200mA. It has applications in precision timing, pulse generation, and sequential timing.
This document provides information on the MJE13003 NPN silicon transistor from Unisonic Technologies Co., Ltd. It describes the transistor as being designed for high-voltage, high-speed power switching in inductive circuits. Key features include a reverse biased safe operating area with inductive loads up to 1.5 amps and a typical fall time of 290ns at 1 amp and 100°C. The transistor has applications in switching regulators, inverters, motor controls, solenoid drivers, and deflection circuits. Electrical characteristics and maximum ratings are provided in tables and graphs.
This document describes the design of a low dropout voltage regulator (LDO) circuit. It includes the goals of providing a 3.3V output voltage from a 5V input. The key components of an LDO - pass transistor, error amplifier, and voltage reference - are discussed. Calculations are shown for efficiency, transistor sizes, setting the bias voltage, and sizing additional transistors. A block diagram and final schematic are presented. Post-layout simulations demonstrate the line regulation as the input voltage is changed.
Original IGBT STGP6NC60HD 6N60 600V 15A TO-220 New STMicroelectronicsauthelectroniccom
The document provides information on STMicroelectronics' PowerMESH IGBT product family including the STGB6NC60HDT4, STGF6NC60HD, and STGP6NC60HD devices. The devices are 600V, 7A IGBTs optimized for high-frequency applications with very fast switching times and low conduction losses. Electrical characteristics, switching performance data, package details, and application information are provided.
Original IGBT STGP6NC60HD GP6NC60 6N60 600V 15A TO-220 New STMicroelectronicsAUTHELECTRONIC
The document provides information on STMicroelectronics' PowerMESH IGBT product family including the STGB6NC60HDT4, STGF6NC60HD, and STGP6NC60HD devices. The devices are 600V, 7A very fast IGBTs optimized for high-frequency applications with low switching times and low voltage drop. Electrical characteristics, switching performance curves, package details, and application information are included.
Ruben EscaleraG00092506Lab 5 Series and Pa.docxjoellemurphey
Ruben Escalera
G00092506
Lab 5 Series and Parallel Inductive Reactive Circuits
Grantham University
2/18/2016
Introduction
The main aim of this lab exercise is to perform single frequency AC analysis on series and parallel R-L circuits. The simulation results are to be compared with the calculation results. In an inductor the voltage across the inductor leads the current through it by an angle of 90°, however for a circuit containing a resistor and an inductor the angle is less than 90°.
Equipment/components used
· Resistors
· Inductors
· 15V AC Voltage source at a frequency of 1000Hz
Problem statement
In this lab exercise the circuits shown in the figure below are to be constructed in MULTISIM :
The circuits are to be simulated for single frequency analysis to determine currents and voltages in the circuit. The simulation results are to be compared with calculations and the differences noted.
Calculated solution
Parallel R-L circuit
The various parameters of the parallel circuit were done as follows:
L1 = 80mH, XL1 = (6.28 * 1 kHz * 80mH) = 6.28 *(1*103) * (80*10-3) = 502.4Ω∠90ᵒ
L2= 150mH, XL2 = (6.28 * 1 kHz * 150mH) = 6.28 * (1*103) * (150*10-3) = 942Ω∠90ᵒ
ZEQ= 1/ + + = 1/ + + = =
(91.479 +27.92j) = 95.64∠16.97ᵒ
Zeq = 95.64Ω∠16.97ᵒ
IT = = .156A∠-16.97ᵒ
XL2= 942Ω∠90ᵒ
XL1= 502.4Ω∠90ᵒ
IR1 = = 0 .1A
IR2= = .05A
IL1 = = 29.85mA∠-90ᵒ
IL2 = = 15.92mA∠-90ᵒ
Series R-L circuit
For the series R-L circuit the calculation of the various parameters were done as follows:
L2= 150mH, XL2 = (6.28 * 1 kHz * 150mH) = 6.28 * (1*103) * (150*10-3) = 942Ω∠90ᵒ
L1 = 80mH, XL1 = (6.28 * 1 kHz * 80mH) = 6.28 *(1*103) * (80*10-3) = 502.4Ω∠90ᵒ
Zeq =
Zeq = = =
= 450Ω + 1446.4Ω =1.514kΩ
tan θz = = = tan-1 (3.214) = 72.72ᵒ
IT = VT / ZT= 15V/1.514kΩ= 9.9mA∠72.72ᵒ
V = I * R VR1 = 9.9mA * 150Ω = 1.49VVR2 = 9.9mA * 300Ω = 2.97V
VL2 = 9.9mA * 942Ω = 9.32VVL1 = 9.9mA * 502.4Ω = 4.97V
Zeq = 1.514kΩ∠72.72ᵒ
IT= 9.9mA∠-72.72ᵒ
XL2 = 942Ω∠90ᵒ
XL1= 502.4Ω∠90ᵒ
VR1= 1.49V∠-72.72ᵒ
VR2= 2.97V∠-72.72ᵒ
VL1= 4.97V∠17.28ᵒ
VL2= 9.32V∠17.28ᵒ
Experimental procedure
1. The parallel R-L circuit was constructed in MULTISIM software
2. The circuit was simulated for single frequency AC analysis to determine the currents and voltages in the circuit
3. The series R-L circuit was constructed in MULTISIM software
4. The circuit was simulated for single frequency AC analysis to determine the current and the voltages in the circuit.
Circuit design
Parallel R-L circuit
Series R-L circuit
Simulation results
Discussion of results
The results were summarized as shown in the table below.
Parallel circuit
Measured results
Variable
Magnitude
Phase
VR1
15V
0
VR2
15V
0
VL1
15V
0
VL2
15V
0
IR1
100mA
0
IR2
50mA
0
IL1
29.84155mA ...
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3. 1. NJM2377 – Boost DC/DC Converter Circuit
3
CLP
100pF
Rf
560k
ESR
0.103
Cin
220uF
L
150u
1 2
Rload
180
R1
9.1k
R2
150k
Q1
Q2SD2623
OUT
R3
0.8
U1
NJM2377
-IN
FB
GND
OUTV+
CS
CT
REF
Rt
24k
Ct
470pF
IC = 0
D1
HRU0302A
0
V+
5V
0
IN
Cout
220uF
Rsf
160k
CS
4.7uF
IC = 0
0
Rsr
180k
0
5V to 9V at 50mA Boost DC/DC Converter (fOSC=150kHz, Vripple=30mVp-p)
U1: New Japan Radio NJM2377 Control IC
Q1: Panasonic 2SD2623 NPN
D1: Renesas HRU0302A Schottky Barrier Diode
4. 2. PWM – Boost DC/DC Converter Basic Operation and Design
ESR
IN
L
1 2
Rload
OUT
R1
R2
Q1
QN_SW
V+
0
Cout
D1
PWM Control
Circuit
4
PWM output
pulse
VOUT=9V
tON tOFF
VIN=5V L: IL
• VOUT is monitored by R1 and R2 then compared to reference voltage VB in NJM2377.
• Error voltage is pulse width modulated with sawtooth waveform.
• PWM output pulse width is proportional to the error level. This signal will control the
switch ON/OFF(tON /tOFF).
• Therefore VOUT, which is proportional to tON /tOFF, is controlled to the desired voltage.
2.1)
2.5)
2.2)
2.3),
2.4)
5. 2.1 Boost DC/DC Converter – VOUT
• VOUT is determined by R1 and R2, without considering I(IN-) of NJM2377 VOUT is calculated as
below.
• For VOUT=9V, R1=9.1kΩ, R2=150kΩ are selected.
5
9.09V0.521
9.1k
150k
1
1
2
REFOUT V
R
R
V
6. 2.2 Boost DC/DC Converter – tON /tOFF
• If the circuit works in continuous conduction mode (CCM), output voltage (VOUT) and ON/OFF
time (tON /tOFF) follow the equation below.
then
• From VIN =5V, VOUT =9V and fOSC =150kHz, these result as tON /tOFF are tON=2.96μs, tOFF=3.71μs,
and duty=45%.
6
IN
OFF
OFFON
OUT V
t
tt
V
OSCOUT
INOUT
ON
fV
VV
t
7. 2.3 Boost DC/DC Converter – Inductor Selection
• LMIN value for the convertor to work in continuous conduction mode (CCM), is calculated as
below.
• From VIN =5V, VOUT =9V, IOUT =50mA and tON=2.96μs, these result as LMIN=82.2μH.
• A larger value will be used to increase the available output current, but limit it to around
twice the LMIN value. L =150μH is selected.
7
ON
OUTOUT
IN
MIN t
IV
V
L
2
2
MINMIN LLL 2
8. Time
86.810ms 86.816ms 86.822ms 86.828ms
I(L)
0A
50mA
100mA
150mA
200mA
(86.818m,140.985m)
(86.821m,40.531m)
• PSpice is used to verify the circuit design.
• IL, PK=140.985mA and IL,PK=140.985m-
40.531m=100.454mA
2.4 Boost DC/DC Converter – Inductor
Peak Current• IL, PK is calculated as below.
• And the current ripple - IL, PK is calculated
as below
8
140mA2.96μ
150μ2
5
5
0.059
2
ON
IN
IN
OUTOUT
L,PK t
L
V
V
IV
I
mA992.96μ
150μ
5
ON
IN
L,PK t
L
V
ΔI
• Add trace I(L)
• Zoom to check the peak value.
IL, PK
9. • PSpice is used to verify the circuit design.
• IL,PK=101.168mA, ton=3μs.
• Vripple =14.8mVp-p
• Irms
*=53.856mArms.
Irms is larger than calculated value due to feedback loop
response ripple current.
Time
87.5484ms 87.5684ms
V(OUT)
9.06V
9.07V
9.08V
9.09V
SEL>>
(87.556m,9.0792)
(87.553m,9.0644)
I(L) rms(I(Cout))
0A
100mA
200mA
(87.556m,141.564m)
(87.553m,40.396m)
• COUT is determined from the Vripple Spec
(30mVp-p).
• If COUT >> IOUTton/Vripple
(50m2.96μ/30m=4.933μF), Vripple will
mainly caused by ESR.
• Select the capacitor that can handle the
ripple current Irms.
• COUT=220μF, ESR=103m is selected.
m103
99m
30m
)(
L
ppripple
I
V
ESR
2.5 Boost DC/DC Converter – COUT
Selection
9
IL, PK
13mArms
6.67μ
2.96μ
32
99m
32
t
tonI
I
L
rms
Irms
Vripple
11. • First, caculate Rsr by
Rsr>VTHLA(max.)/ICHG(min.)
(1.8V/10μA=180k)
• During steady state operation,
I(CS)=IBCS=250ns. Maximum duty cycle is
determined by V(CS). Set
V(CS)=VTHCS(max.)=0.8V, Rsf is calculated by
160k ΩRsf
1.5
Rsf180k
180k
0.8
.)(max
REFTHCS V
RsfRsr
Rsr
V
• Soft-start time or tduty(max.) is time needed for
V(CS) to reach VTHCS(max.) by charging capacitor
Cs.
• CS is charged by current Ics, calculated by:
then
3.1 NJM2377 – Soft Start Time Setting
11
NJM2377 soft-start time is determined by Rsr, CS and Rsf
4.41uA
160k180k
1.5
RsfRsr
V
I
REF
CS
109ms
30μ4.41μ
4.7μ0.8
.)(max
.)(max
CHGCS
THCS
duty
II
CsV
t
12. 3.1 NJM2377 – Soft Start Time Setting
(Simulation)
12
NJM2377 soft-start time is determined by Rsr, Rsf and CS
• Select Rsr, Rsf, and CS then check tduty(max.) by
simulation.
• tduty(max.)=109.170ms. for CS=4.7uF
• tduty(max.)=76.653ms for CS=3.3uF and
tduty(max.)=157.953ms for CS=6.8uF.
CS
{CS}
IC = 0
PARAMETERS:
CS = 4.7u
CLP
100pF
Rf
560k
Cin
220uF
U1
NJM2377
-IN
FB
GND
OUTV+
CS
CT
REF
Rt
10MEG
Ct
10nF
IC = 0
0 CS
V+
5V
IN
REF
0
Rsf
160k
0
Rsr
180k
0
R1
1MEG
.TRAN 0 500ms 0 Time
0s 250ms 500ms
V(CS)
0V
0.5V
1.0V
1.5V
(109.170m,800.000m)
(76.653m,800.000m)
(157.953m,800.000m)
13. 3.2 NJM2377 – Oscillation Frequency
Setting
• CT = 470pF and RT = 24kΩ to set an oscillation frequency to be 150kHz.
13
V
CLP
100pF
Rf
560k
Cin
220uF
U1
NJM2377
-IN
FB
GND
OUTV+
CS
CT
REF
Rt
24k
Ct
470pF
IC = 0
0
V+
5V
IN
0
Rsf
160k
CS
4.7uF
IC = 0
0
Rsr
180k
0
R1
1MEG
NJM2377 oscillation frequency fOSC is determined by CT and RT
fosc=150kHz
RT=24k
14. 3.3 Error Amp Feed Back Loop Setting
• For F.B loop gain G > 100, Rf is calculated
as:
• CLP is suggested to use value between
100pF~1,000pF
• Inappropriate F.B loop design can cause an
oscillation. PSpice is used to verify the
ripple voltage vs. Rf and CLP values.
• Simulation result shows Vripple of the circuit with
RF=1000k compare to the circuit with
RF=560k.
• Changing RF to be 560k can reduce Vripple from
34mVp-p to less than 20mVp-p.
14
1000kRf
177
150k//9.1k
1,000k
2//1
RR
Rf
G
Error Amp Feed Back Loop is determined by R1, R2, Rf and CLP
Time
79.00ms 79.25ms 79.50ms 79.75ms 80.00ms
V(OUT)
9.04V
9.06V
9.08V
9.10V
9.12V
RF=1000k, CLP=100pF
RF=560k, CLP=100pF
15. 4. Performance Characteristics
CLP
100pF
Rf
560k
ESR
0.103
Cin
220uF
L
150u
1 2
Rload
180
R1
9.1k
R2
150k
Q1
Q2SD2623
OUT
R3
0.8
U1
NJM2377
-IN
FB
GND
OUTV+
CS
CT
REF
Rt
24k
Ct
470pF
IC = 0
D1
HRU0302A
0
V+
5V
0
IN
Cout
220uF
Rsf
160k
CS
4.7uF
IC = 0
0
Rsr
180k
0
15
• VIN=5V
• VOUT=9V
• IOUT=50mA
• Vripple(P-P)= less than 30mV
• Efficiency= 75% at IOUT=50mA
U1: New Japan Radio NJM2377 Control IC
Q1: Panasonic 2SD2623 NPN
D1: Renesas HRU0302A Schottky Barrier Diode
16. 4.1 Output Start-Up Voltage and Current
• Simulation result shows output start-up time of the circuit. This circuit needs
55ms to reach steady state.
16
Time
0s 20ms 40ms 60ms 80ms 90ms
V(OUT)
4V
5V
6V
7V
8V
9V
10V
I(Rload)
20mA
30mA
40mA
50mA
SEL>>
V(OUT)
I(Rload)
17. Time
60ms 65ms 70ms 75ms 80ms 85ms 90ms
V(OUT)
9.05V
9.06V
9.07V
9.08V
9.09V
9.10V
SEL>>
Time
89.90ms 89.91ms 89.92ms 89.93ms 89.94ms 89.95ms 89.96ms 89.97ms 89.98ms 89.99ms
V(OUT)
9.060V
9.065V
9.070V
9.075V
9.080V
4.2 Output Ripple Voltage
• Simulation result shows output ripple voltage caused by switching(18mVP-P) and
F.B loop oscillation(25mVP-P).
17
V(OUT)
V(OUT)
[ZOOM] 18mVP-P
25mVP-P
18. 4.3 Efficiency
• Efficiency of the converter at load IOUT=50mA is 75.5%.
18
Time
70ms 75ms 80ms 85ms 90ms
100*W(Rload)/rms(-W(V+))
0
25
50
75
100
(90.000m,75.500)
Efficiency
19. 4.4 Step-Load Response
• Simulation result shows the transient response of the circuit, when load currents are 50mA to
10mA to 50mA steps .
19
V(OUT)
I(L)
I(Load)
Time
60ms 65ms 70ms 75ms 80ms 85ms 90ms
V(OUT)
9.050V
9.075V
9.100V
9.125V
I(L)
0A
100mA
200mA
I(I1)
0A
20mA
30mA
40mA
50mA
SEL>>
20. 5. Voltage and Current Simulation Result
• Simulation result shows voltage and current of the devices.
• Select L and Cout that can handle their Irms value.
• The absolute maximum value of Q1 and D1 are compared to simulation result for stress analysis.
20
Time
0s 20ms 40ms 60ms 80ms 90ms
1 V(Cout:1) 2 rms(I(Cout))
0V
5V
10V
1
0A
50mA
100mA
2
SEL>>SEL>>
1 V(D1:2)- V(D1:1) 2 I(D1) avg(I(D1))
0V
10V
20V
1
100mA
200mA
300mA
2
>>
1 V(Q1:c) 2 I(Q1:c)
0V
5V
10V
15V
20V
1
250mA
500mA
2
>>
I(L) rms(I(L))
0A
200mAI(L) peak,
rms
I(L) = 261.054mA(peak) , 94.1399mA(rms)
V(Q1:C),
I(Q1:C)
Q1 2SD2623: VCEO=20V, ICMAX=0.5A
V(D1:K,D1:A),
IF(D1)
D1 HRU0302A: VRRM=20V, IO=0.3A(avg), IFSM=3A
V(Cout),
I(Cout) rms
I(Cout) = 50.255mA(rms)
100% of Rated Value
100% of Rated Value
21. Time
89.964ms 89.966ms 89.968ms 89.970ms 89.972ms 89.974ms
1 V(Q1:c) 2 I(Q1:c)
0V
5V
10V
15V
20V
1
>>
0A
100mA
200mA
300mA
2
1 V(Q1:c)*I(Q1:c) 2 avg(W(Q1))
0W
200mW
400mW
600mW
1
SEL>>
0W
50mW
100mW
150mW
2
SEL>>
6.1 Bipolar Junction Transistor Losses
• Simulation result shows waveforms of IC and VCE of transistor Q1.Loss in peak and
average values are also shown.
21
100% of Rated Value (PC, max.=150mW)
PC, avg.=17.254mW
turn-on loss
Conduction loss
turn-off loss
V(Q1:C),
I(Q1:C)
P(Q1)
peak, avg
22. Time
89.964ms 89.965ms 89.966ms 89.967ms 89.968ms 89.969ms 89.970ms 89.971ms 89.972ms 89.973ms
1 V(D1:1,D1:2) 2 I(D1)
-10V
-5V
0V
5V
10V
1
-200mA
-100mA
0A
100mA
200mA
2
SEL>>SEL>>
W(D1) avg(W(D1))
-100mW
-50mW
0W
50mW
100mW
6.2 Schottky Barrier Diode Losses
• Simulation result shows waveforms of IF and VAK of diode D1.Loss in peak and
average values are also shown.
22
PD, avg.=18.45mW
Reverse
recovery loss
Conduction loss
V(D1:A,D1:K),
I(D1
P(D1)
peak, avg
Reverse
leakage loss
Reverse recovery
characteristic
23. 7.1 Start-Up Sequencing Waveforms
• Simulation result shows start-up sequencing waveforms, including V(OUT) and control signal
(VRAMP, VOSC, and VFB).
23
V(OUT)
V(FB)
VOSC: V(CT)
VRAMP: V(CS)
Time
0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms 70ms 80ms 90ms
V(OUT)
5.0V
6.0V
7.0V
8.0V
9.0V
V(U1:CT) V(U1:CS) V(U1:FB)
0V
0.5V
1.0V
1.5V
2.0V
2.5V
SEL>>
24. 7.2 Switching Waveforms at Load 50 mA (RL=180)
• Simulation result shows boost converter switching waveforms at load 50mA, including IL,
VC(Q1), IC(Q1), I(D1) and V(OUT)
24
I(D1)
I(L)
VC(Q1)
IC(Q1)
V(OUT)
Time
89.950ms 89.960ms 89.970ms 89.980ms89.944ms
V(OUT)
9.050V
9.075V
9.100V
SEL>>
I(D1)
-50mA
0A
50mA
100mA
150mA
1 V(Q1:c) 2 I(Q1:c)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
10.0V
1
0A
100mA
150mA
200mA
2
>>
I(L)
0A
50mA
100mA
150mA
200mA
25. 7.3 Switching Waveforms at Load 10 mA (RL=900)
• Simulation result shows boost converter switching waveforms at load 10mA, including IL,
VC(Q1), IC(Q1), I(D1) and V(OUT)
25
I(D1)
I(L)
VC(Q1)
IC(Q1)
V(OUT)
Time
89.944ms 89.952ms 89.960ms 89.968ms 89.976ms 89.984ms
V(OUT)
9.075V
9.100V
9.125V
I(D1)
-25mA
25mA
50mA
75mA
SEL>>
1 V(Q1:c) 2 I(Q1:c)
-4V
4V
8V
12V
1
>>
-25mA
0A
25mA
50mA
75mA
2
I(L)
-25mA
0A
25mA
50mA
75mA
26. SIMULATION SETTINGS 1
• .TRAN 0 90ms 0.1ms 150n
• .OPTIONS ABSTOL= 10.0n
• .OPTIONS RELTOL= 0.01
• .OPTIONS VNTOL= 10.0u
26
These settings are for:
• Start-Up Transient Simulation (0~90ms.)
• Voltage and Current Simulation
• Step-Load Response