Advanced SQL covers selecting columns, aggregate functions like MIN() and MAX(), the CASE WHEN statement, JOINs, the WHERE clause, GROUP BY, declaring variables, and subqueries
This presentation gives a clear and concise description of joins in sql and several types of sql joins.
These slides also contains the pictorial representation as well as syntax for each type of joins.
Advanced SQL covers selecting columns, aggregate functions like MIN() and MAX(), the CASE WHEN statement, JOINs, the WHERE clause, GROUP BY, declaring variables, and subqueries
This presentation gives a clear and concise description of joins in sql and several types of sql joins.
These slides also contains the pictorial representation as well as syntax for each type of joins.
Relational databases were conceived to digitize paper forms and automate well-structured business processes, and still have their uses. But RDBMS cannot model or store data and its relationships without complexity, which means performance degrades with the increasing number and levels of data relationships and data size. Additionally, new types of data and data relationships require schema redesign that increases time to market.
A native graph database like Neo4j naturally stores, manages, analyzes, and uses data within the context of connections meaning Neo4j provides faster query performance and vastly improved flexibility in handling complex hierarchies than SQL.
This webinar explains why companies are shifting away from RDBMS towards graphs to unlock the business value in their data relationships.
Find Top SQL Developers today. Toptal can match you with the best engineers to finish your project. Or, match you with the best companies that need your SQL skills today!
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. 2
Where we are now
• Database environment
– Introduction to database
• Database development process
– steps to develop a database
• Conceptual data modeling
– entity-relationship (ER) diagram; enhanced ER
• Logical database design
– transforming ER diagram into relations; normalization
• Physical database design
– technical specifications of the database
• Database implementation
– Structured Query Language (SQL), Advanced SQL
• Advanced topics
– data and database administration
5. 5
Processing Multiple Tables – Joins
• Join
– a relational operation that causes two or more tables with a common domain
to be combined into a single table or view
– the common columns in joined tables are usually the primary key of the
dominant table and the foreign key of the dependent table
• Equi-join
– a join in which the joining condition is based on equality between values in
the common columns; common columns appear redundantly in the result
table
• Natural join
– an equi-join in which one of the duplicate columns is eliminated in the result
table
• Outer join
– a join in which rows that do not have matching values in common columns
are nevertheless included in the result table (as opposed to inner join, in
which rows must have matching values in order to appear in the result table)
• Union join
– includes all columns from each table in the join, and an instance for each row
of each table
6. 6
Figure 7-1: Sample Pine Valley Furniture data
Customer_T Order_T
Order_Line_T
Product_T
7. 7
Example: Equi-join
• based on equality between values in the common columns
If WHERE clause is omitted, the query will return all combinations of customers
and orders (10 orders * 15 customers=150 rows).
8. 8
• same as equi-join except that one of the duplicate columns is
eliminated in the result table
• most commonly used form of join operation
• For each customer who has placed an order, what is the customer’s
name and order number?
SELECT Customer_T.Customer_ID, Customer_Name, Order_ID
FROM Customer_T, Order_T
WHERE Customer_T.Customer_ID = Order_T.Customer_ID
Join involves multiple tables in
FROM clause
Example: Natural Join
WHERE clause performs the equality check
for common columns of the two tables
It must be specified from which table the
DBMS should pick Customer_ID
9. 9
• Different syntax with same outcome
SELECT Customer_T.Customer_ID,Customer_Name,Order_ID
FROM Customer_T INNER JOIN Order_T
ON Customer_T.Customer_ID = Order_T.Customer_ID;
SELECT Customer_T.Customer_ID,Customer_Name,Order_ID
FROM Customer_T NATURAL JOIN Order_T
ON Customer_T.Customer_ID = Order_T.Customer_ID;
Example: Natural Join
10. 10
• row in one table does not have a matching row in the other table
• null values appear in columns where there is no match between tables
• List customer name, ID number, and order number for all customers.
Include customer information even for customers that do not have an
order.
SELECT Customer_T.Customer_ID, Customer_Name, Order_ID
FROM Customer_T LEFT OUTER JOIN Order_T
ON Customer_T.Customer_ID = Order_T.Customer_ID;
Example: Outer Join
LEFT OUTER JOIN syntax will cause customer data
to appear even if there is no corresponding order data
12. 12
• The results table will contain all of the columns from each table and
will contain an instance for each row of data included from each table.
• Example:
– Customer_T has 15 customers and 6 attributes
– Order_T has 10 orders and 3 attributes
• Result Table
– 25 rows and 9 columns
– each customer row will contain 3 attributes with assigned null values
– each order row will contain 6 attributes with assigned null values
Example: Union Join
13. 13
• Query: Assemble all information necessary to create an
invoice for order number 1006.
SELECT Customer_T.Customer_ID, Customer_Name, Customer_Address,
City, State, Postal_Code, Order_T.Order_ID, Order_Date, Quantity,
Product_Name, Unit_Price, (Quantity * Unit_Prrice)
FROM Customer_T, Order_T, Order_Line_T, Product_T
WHERE Customer_T.Customer_ID = Order_T.Customer_ID
AND Order_T.Order_ID = Order_Line_T.Order_ID
AND Order_Line_T.Product_ID = Product_T.Product_ID
AND Order_T.Order_ID = 1006;
Four tables involved in this join
Example: Multiple Join of Four Tables
Each pair of tables requires an equality-check
condition in the WHERE clause, matching
primary keys against foreign keys
15. 15
Subqueries
• Subquery
– placing an inner query (SELECT statement) inside an outer
query
– result table display data from the table in the outer query only
• Options:
– In a condition of the WHERE clause
– As a “table” of the FROM clause
– Within the HAVING clause
• Subqueries can be:
– Noncorrelated
execute inner query once for the entire outer query
– Correlated
execute inner query once for each row returned by the outer query
17. 17
• Which customers have placed orders?
SELECT Customer_Name
FROM Customer_T
WHERE Customer_ID IN
(SELECT DISTINCT Customer_ID FROM Order_T);
Example 2: Subquery
Subquery is embedded in parentheses. In this case it returns a
list that will be used in the WHERE clause of the outer query
The IN operator will test to see
if the Customer_ID value of a
row is included in the list
returned from the subquery
19. 19
Example 3: Subquery
• The qualifier NOT may be used in front of IN; while ANY and
ALL with logical operators such as =, >, and <.
A join can be used
in an inner query
Note: Inner query return list of customers who had ordered computer desk.
Outer query list customers who were not in the list returned by inner query.
20. 20
Correlated vs. Noncorrelated
Subqueries
• Noncorrelated subqueries
– do not depend on data from the outer query
– execute once for the entire outer query
• Correlated subqueries
– do make use of data from the outer query
– execute once for each row of the outer query
– can make use of the EXISTS operator
21. 21
• What are the order numbers that include furniture finished
in natural ash?
SELECT DISTINCT Order_ID FROM Order_Line_T
WHERE EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM Product_T
WHERE Product_ID = Order_Line_T.Product_ID
AND Product_Finish = ‘Natural Ash’);
Example 4: Correlated Subquery
The subquery is testing for a value
that comes from the outer query .
The EXISTS operator will return a
TRUE value if the subquery resulted
in a non-empty set, otherwise it
returns a FALSE.
24. 24
• Which products have a standard price that is higher that the
average standard price?
SELECT Product_Description, Standard_Price, AVGPRICE
FROM
(SELECT AVG(Standard_Price) AVGPRICE FROM Product_T),
Product_T
WHERE Standard_Price > AVGPRICE;
Example 6: Subquery as Derived Table
The WHERE clause normally cannot include aggregate functions, but because the
aggregate is performed in the subquery, its result can be used in the outer query’s
WHERE clause
One column of the subquery is
an aggregate function that has an
alias name. That alias can then be
referred to in the outer query
Subquery forms the derived
table used in the FROM clause
of the outer query
25. 25
Ensuring Transaction Integrity
• Transaction
– a discrete unit of work that must be completely processed or
not processed at all
– may involve multiple DML commands
INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE
– if any command fails, then all other changes must be cancelled
• SQL commands for transactions
– BEGIN TRANSACTION/END TRANSACTION
marks boundaries of a transaction
– COMMIT
makes all changes permanent
– ROLLBACK
cancels changes since the last COMMIT
27. 27
Review Questions
• What are the 4 types of join?
• What are subqueries?
• What is a correlated subquery?
• What is a noncorrelated subquery?
• What is a transaction?