This presentation deals with the fundamentals of SQL, Installation and Database concepts. Presented by our team in Alphalogic Inc: https://www.alphalogicinc.com/
Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML) , Transaction Control Language (TCL) , Data Control Language (DCL) - , SQL Constraints
What is RDBMS?
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems like MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.
A Relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd.
Dbms architecture
Three level architecture is also called ANSI/SPARC architecture or three schema architecture
This framework is used for describing the structure of specific database systems (small systems may not support all aspects of the architecture)
In this architecture the database schemas can be defined at three levels explained in next slide
This presentation deals with the fundamentals of SQL, Installation and Database concepts. Presented by our team in Alphalogic Inc: https://www.alphalogicinc.com/
Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML) , Transaction Control Language (TCL) , Data Control Language (DCL) - , SQL Constraints
What is RDBMS?
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems like MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.
A Relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd.
Dbms architecture
Three level architecture is also called ANSI/SPARC architecture or three schema architecture
This framework is used for describing the structure of specific database systems (small systems may not support all aspects of the architecture)
In this architecture the database schemas can be defined at three levels explained in next slide
ADVANCE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CONCEPTS & ARCHITECTURE by vikas jagtapVikas Jagtap
The data that indicates the earth location (latitude & longitude, or height & depth ) of these rendered objects is known as spatial data.
When the map is rendered, objects of this spatial data are used to project the location of the objects on 2-Dimentional piece of paper.
The spatial data management systems are designed to make the storage, retrieval, & manipulation of spatial data (i.e points, lines and polygons) easier and natural to users, such as GIS.
While typical databases can understand various numeric and character types of data, additional functionality needs to be added for databases to process spatial data types.
These are typically called geometry or feature.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. Database Architecture and Basic
Concepts
What is Database?
Structured Query Language
Stored Procedures
2. What is Database?
A database is an object for storing complex, structured
information.
What make database unique is the fact that databases are
design to retrieve data quickly.
Database samples such as Access and SQL Server called
database management systems (DBMS).
To access the data stored in the database and to update the
database, you use a special language, Structure Query
Language (SQL).
5. Structure Query Language
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a universal language for
manipulating tables, and every database management system
(DBMS) supports it.
SQL is a nonprocedural language.
SQL statements are categorized into two major categories:
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Definition Language (DDL)
6. Continue…
Executing SQL Statements.
Opening Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio
Using New Query Windows.
7. Continue…
Selection Queries
The simplest form of the SELECT statement is
SELECT fields
FROM tables
where fields and tables are comma-separated lists of the fields you want
to retrieve from the database
and the tables they belong to.
8. WHERE Clause
To restrict the rows returned by the query, use the WHERE clause
of the SELECT statement. The most common form of the SELECT statement is
the following:
SELECT fields
FROM tables
WHERE condition
The fields and tables arguments are the same as before.
Sample:
SELECT ProductName, CategoryName
FROM Products
WHERE CategoryID In (2, 5,6,10)
9. TOP Keyword
Some queries may retrieve a large number of rows, while
you‟re interested in the top few rows only.
The TOP N keyword allows you to select the first N rows and
ignore the remaining ones.
DISTINCT Keyword
The DISTINCT keyword eliminates any duplicates from the
cursor retrieved by the SELECT statement.
SELECT DISTINCT Country
FROM Customers
10. ORDER Keyword
The rows of a query are not in any particular order. To request
that the rows be returned in a specific order, use the
ORDER BY clause, whose syntax is
ORDER BY col1, col2, . . .
SELECT CompanyName, ContactName
FROM Customers
ORDER BY Country, City
11. SQL Join
Joins specify how you connect multiple tables in a query, and there are four types
of joins:
Left outer, or left join
Right outer, or right join
Full outer, or full join
Inner join
Left Joins
This join displays all the records in the left table and only those records of the
table on the right that match certain user-supplied criteria. This join has the
following syntax:
FROM (primary table) LEFT JOIN (secondary table) ON (primary table).(field)
(comparison) (secondary table).(field)
SELECT title, pub_name
FROM titles LEFT JOIN publishers
ON titles.pub_id = publishers.pub_id
12. Right Joins
This join is similar to the left outer join, except that all rows in the table on the right
are displayed and only the matching rows from the left table are displayed. This join has
the following syntax:
FROM (secondary table) RIGHT JOIN (primary table) ON (secondary table).(field)
(comparison) (primary table).(field)
“SELECT title, pub_name
FROM titles RIGHT JOIN publishers
ON titles.pub_id = publishers.pub_id”
Full Joins
The full join returns all the rows of the two tables, regardless of whether there are
matching rows or not. In effect, it‟s a combination of left and right joins.
“SELECT title, pub_name
FROM titles FULL JOIN publishers
ON titles.pub_id = publishers.pub_id”
13. Inner Joins
This join returns the matching rows of both tables, similar to the WHERE clause, and has
the following syntax:
FROM (primary table) INNER JOIN (secondary table) ON (primary table).(field)
(comparison) (secondary table).(field)
“SELECT titles.title, publishers.pub_name FROM titles, publishers
WHERE titles.pub_id = publishers.pub_id”
Or
“SELECT titles.title, publishers.pub_name
FROM titles INNER JOIN publishers ON titles.pub_id =
publishers.pub_id”
14. Grouping Rows
Sometimes you need to group the results of a query, so that you
can calculate subtotals.
SELECT ProductID,
SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice *(1 - Discount))
AS [Total Revenues]
FROM [Order Details]
GROUP BY ProductID
ORDER BY ProductID
15. Action Queries
Execute queries that alter the data in the database‟s tables.
There are three types of actions you can perform against a database:
1. Insertions of new rows (INSERT)
2. Deletions of existing rows (DELETE)
3. Updates (edits) of existing rows (UPDATE)
Deleting Rows
The DELETE statement deletes one or more rows
from a table, and its syntax is:
DELETE table_name WHERE criteria
“DELETE Orders
WHERE OrderDate < „1/1/1998‟ ”
16. Inserting New Rows
The syntax of the INSERT statement is:
INSERT table_name (column_names) VALUES (values)
column_names and values are comma-separated lists of columns and their respective values.
“INSERT Customers (CustomerID, CompanyName) VALUES („FRYOG‟, „Fruit &
Yogurt‟)”
Or
“INSERT INTO SelectedProducts
SELECT * FROM Products WHERE CategoryID = 4”
17. Editing Existing Rows
The UPDATE statement edits a row‟s fields, and its syntax is
UPDATE table_name SET field1 = value1, field2 = value2,
… WHERE criteria
“UPDATE Customers SET Country=‟United Kingdom‟
WHERE Country = „UK‟ “
20. Stored Procedures
Stored procedures are short programs that are executed on the server and
perform very specific tasks.
Any action you perform against the database frequently should be coded
as a stored procedure, so that you can call it from within any application
or from different parts of the same application.
Benefit:
Stored procedures isolate programmers from the database and minimize the
risk of impairing the database‟s integrity.
You don‟t risk implementing the same operation in two different ways.
Using stored procedures is that they‟re compiled by SQL Server and they‟re
executed faster.
Stored procedures contain traditional programming statements that allow
you to validate arguments, use default argument values, and so on.
The language you use to write stored procedure is called T-SQL, and it‟s
a superset of SQL.
21. ALTER PROCEDURE dbo.SalesByCategory
@CategoryName nvarchar(15),
@OrdYear nvarchar(4) = „1998‟
AS
IF @OrdYear != „1996‟ AND @OrdYear != „1997‟ AND @OrdYear != „1998‟
BEGIN
SELECT @OrdYear = „1998‟
END
SELECT ProductName,
TotalPurchase = ROUND(SUM(CONVERT(decimal(14,2),
OD.Quantity * (1-OD.Discount) * OD.UnitPrice)), 0)
FROM [Order Details] OD, Orders O, Products P, Categories C
WHERE OD.OrderID = O.OrderID
AND OD.ProductID = P.ProductID
AND P.CategoryID = C.CategoryID
AND C.CategoryName = @CategoryName
AND SUBSTRING(CONVERT(nvarchar(22), O.OrderDate, 111), 1, 4) = @OrdYear
GROUP BY ProductName
ORDER BY ProductName