Lecture for Payap University General Science Course

1. Motion in Several Dimensions

2. Motion in Several Dimensions We live in three dimension, but very often it is possible to forget about one of the direction in physics problems. Generally, a vector in space has three components. But if motion of an object takes place in a plane, we can rotate our coordinate system so that one dimension is unimportant

3. Components of Motion An object in motion on a plane can be located using only two numbers – the x and y coordinates of its position. Similarly, its velocity can be described using components along the x - and y -axes. Ball rolling on pool table

4. Components of Motion in 2D The velocity components are: The magnitude of the velocity vector is:

5. Components of Motion in 2D The components of the displacement are then given by: The x and y components are calculated independently, they are completely separate .

6. Components of Motion in 2D The equations of motion in 2D are: When solving two-dimensional motion problems, each component is treated separately. The only thing the components have in common is time .

7. Components of Motion in 2D If the acceleration is not parallel to the velocity, the object will change direction and move in a curve

8. Vector components Review The components of C are given by: Equivalently,

9. Vector Components Review If you know A and B, here is how to find C:

10. Vector Addition and Subtraction Vectors can be resolved into components and the components added separately; then recombine to find the resultant vector.

11. Projectile Motion An object moving near the earths surface feels no acceleration in the horizontal direction (forgetting about air resistance) But it feels gravity in the downwards direction That is known as projectile motion

12. Projectile Motion A projectile launched in an arbitrary direction may have initial velocity components in both the horizontal and vertical directions, but its acceleration is always downward.

13. Projectile Motion The vertical motion is the same as if the object were thrown straight up or down with the same initial y velocity, and the horizontal velocity is constant.

14. Projectile Motion The range of a projectile on level ground is maximum (if there is no air resistance) for a launch angle of 45 °.

16. Example problem Man throws ball horizontally, with speed 10 m/s, from a balcony 10 meters high. How far from the building does the ball land?