Projectile motion by umakant bhaskar gohatre
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A projectile is any object projected by some means that continues to move due to its own inertia. Projectiles move in two dimensions with both horizontal and vertical velocity components. The horizontal velocity is constant, while the vertical velocity changes due to gravity. Together the components produce the trajectory path, which is parabolic. For horizontally launched projectiles with no initial vertical velocity, the horizontal velocity remains constant while the vertical acceleration is due to gravity. For vertically launched projectiles, the total velocity must be broken into horizontal and vertical components using trigonometry. The kinematic equations can then be applied to each component to solve for time, displacement, or other variables.
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Projectile motion 1
Projectile motion is the motion of an object under the influence of gravity. It can be broken down into two components: horizontal motion and vertical motion. Horizontal motion is unaffected by gravity and follows the regular kinematic equations of straight line motion. Vertical motion is affected by the downward acceleration due to gravity and also follows straight line kinematic equations using the acceleration due to gravity. Understanding projectile motion requires analyzing the horizontal and vertical components separately using the appropriate kinematic equations for each direction.
Projectile motion
1) Projectile motion involves objects moving through the air without propulsion, following a parabolic trajectory under constant acceleration due to gravity.
2) The horizontal and vertical components of motion are independent, with horizontal motion uniform and vertical motion accelerated.
3) Key equations given relate the total time, horizontal range, and maximum height of a projectile to its initial velocity and launch angle.
Lecture 05 Kinematics in Two Dimensions
1) Kinematics in two dimensions involves calculating displacement, velocity, and acceleration based on an object's initial position, velocity, acceleration, and time. Projectile motion can be analyzed by separating the horizontal and vertical motions.
2) For projectile motion, the horizontal velocity remains constant while the vertical velocity is affected by gravity. Objects thrown at an angle will hit the ground at the same time due to their downward acceleration.
3) The maximum range of a projectile is achieved at a launch angle of 45 degrees. Range can be calculated using the initial velocity, launch angle, and gravitational acceleration.
Projectile motion of a particle
This PPT covers projectile motion of an object in a very systematic and lucid manner. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as students.
Physics -vectors-projectile motion
Projectile motion refers to the two-dimensional motion of an object under the influence of gravity. A projectile has both horizontal and vertical motion, with the horizontal motion being constant and the vertical motion accelerating due to gravity. The path of a projectile through the air is a parabolic curve. Examples of projectile motion include throwing a ball, kicking a field goal, or launching a rocket.
Projectiles
The document discusses projectile motion, including that:
1) A projectile's horizontal and vertical motion are independent, with gravity only affecting vertical motion.
2) The path of a projectile is a combination of its horizontal and vertical components - horizontal motion is constant while vertical motion is affected by gravity.
3) Changing the projection angle affects the projectile's altitude and range, with the maximum range occurring at a 45 degree angle.
Free fall
This document discusses free fall motion and how to calculate velocity and distance using the equations of motion. It provides examples of calculating the speed and distance of objects in free fall after set times. It also works through examples of objects thrown vertically into the air, calculating the height reached, time to reach the top, and final velocity just before being caught on the way back down. The key points are that gravity causes acceleration of 9.8 m/s2 downward, and the equations v=gt, d=1/2gt2, and kinematic equations can be used to solve free fall problems.
Projectile motion 2
This document provides an overview of projectile motion concepts including:
- A projectile is any object upon which the only force acting is gravity and it moves in a parabolic trajectory.
- The horizontal motion of a projectile is independent of its vertical motion, with the horizontal velocity remaining constant and no horizontal acceleration. Vertically, gravity causes acceleration of -9.8 m/s2.
- Key equations presented include those relating the horizontal and vertical displacement and velocity as functions of time, as well as resolving initial velocity into horizontal and vertical components using trigonometry.
- Examples are provided of solving projectile motion problems by identifying knowns and unknowns, selecting appropriate equations, and applying a
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Projectile motion 1
Projectile motion is the motion of an object under the influence of gravity. It can be broken down into two components: horizontal motion and vertical motion. Horizontal motion is unaffected by gravity and follows the regular kinematic equations of straight line motion. Vertical motion is affected by the downward acceleration due to gravity and also follows straight line kinematic equations using the acceleration due to gravity. Understanding projectile motion requires analyzing the horizontal and vertical components separately using the appropriate kinematic equations for each direction.
Projectile motion
1) Projectile motion involves objects moving through the air without propulsion, following a parabolic trajectory under constant acceleration due to gravity.
2) The horizontal and vertical components of motion are independent, with horizontal motion uniform and vertical motion accelerated.
3) Key equations given relate the total time, horizontal range, and maximum height of a projectile to its initial velocity and launch angle.
Lecture 05 Kinematics in Two Dimensions
1) Kinematics in two dimensions involves calculating displacement, velocity, and acceleration based on an object's initial position, velocity, acceleration, and time. Projectile motion can be analyzed by separating the horizontal and vertical motions.
2) For projectile motion, the horizontal velocity remains constant while the vertical velocity is affected by gravity. Objects thrown at an angle will hit the ground at the same time due to their downward acceleration.
3) The maximum range of a projectile is achieved at a launch angle of 45 degrees. Range can be calculated using the initial velocity, launch angle, and gravitational acceleration.
Projectile motion of a particle
This PPT covers projectile motion of an object in a very systematic and lucid manner. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as students.
Physics -vectors-projectile motion
Projectile motion refers to the two-dimensional motion of an object under the influence of gravity. A projectile has both horizontal and vertical motion, with the horizontal motion being constant and the vertical motion accelerating due to gravity. The path of a projectile through the air is a parabolic curve. Examples of projectile motion include throwing a ball, kicking a field goal, or launching a rocket.
Projectiles
The document discusses projectile motion, including that:
1) A projectile's horizontal and vertical motion are independent, with gravity only affecting vertical motion.
2) The path of a projectile is a combination of its horizontal and vertical components - horizontal motion is constant while vertical motion is affected by gravity.
3) Changing the projection angle affects the projectile's altitude and range, with the maximum range occurring at a 45 degree angle.
Free fall
This document discusses free fall motion and how to calculate velocity and distance using the equations of motion. It provides examples of calculating the speed and distance of objects in free fall after set times. It also works through examples of objects thrown vertically into the air, calculating the height reached, time to reach the top, and final velocity just before being caught on the way back down. The key points are that gravity causes acceleration of 9.8 m/s2 downward, and the equations v=gt, d=1/2gt2, and kinematic equations can be used to solve free fall problems.
Projectile motion 2
This document provides an overview of projectile motion concepts including:
- A projectile is any object upon which the only force acting is gravity and it moves in a parabolic trajectory.
- The horizontal motion of a projectile is independent of its vertical motion, with the horizontal velocity remaining constant and no horizontal acceleration. Vertically, gravity causes acceleration of -9.8 m/s2.
- Key equations presented include those relating the horizontal and vertical displacement and velocity as functions of time, as well as resolving initial velocity into horizontal and vertical components using trigonometry.
- Examples are provided of solving projectile motion problems by identifying knowns and unknowns, selecting appropriate equations, and applying a
projectile motion
this is all about projectile motion......first few slides are only for presentation ....if needed u can ignore them.....
Projectile
Students conducted an experiment to study projectile motion. They built a launch pad with an adjustable angle and elastic band to launch projectiles at varying angles and velocities. Observations of the projectile's range and maximum height were recorded. The experiment demonstrated that a projectile's horizontal velocity remains constant while its vertical velocity changes, and that range is greatest at an angle of 45 degrees.
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The document discusses circular motion and centripetal acceleration. It defines that while an object in circular motion has a constant speed, its velocity is constantly changing direction. Therefore, the object is accelerating towards the center of the circular path. This centripetal acceleration is provided by an unbalancing centripetal force directed towards the center. The document also provides equations for calculating centripetal acceleration, force, speed, and period for objects in uniform circular motion.
Projectile motion
Projectile motion can be thought of as the combination of horizontal and vertical motion. The horizontal motion is unaffected by gravity and follows the equation x=u*cosθ*t, while the vertical motion is affected by gravity and follows the equation y=u*sinθ*t - 0.5*g*t^2. The path of a projectile forms a parabolic curve. Factors like the launch angle and initial velocity determine the time of flight, maximum height, and horizontal range of the projectile. Projectile motion has applications in various sports to calculate the optimal angle for maximum distance.
1.5 projectile motion
A projectile is an object moving under the influence of gravity with a parabolic path. Its motion can be analyzed by separating the horizontal and vertical components. In the horizontal direction, the velocity is constant, while in the vertical direction there is a constant acceleration due to gravity. Projectile motion is used to model many real-world scenarios like thrown objects, diving, and artillery fire. Solving projectile motion problems involves separating the horizontal and vertical motions and using kinematic equations with the initial velocities and gravitational acceleration.
1.3 velocity
1) Acceleration is a measure of how quickly velocity changes. It can represent a change in speed, direction, or both.
2) The slope of a velocity-time graph represents acceleration. The area under the graph represents displacement.
3) For objects experiencing uniform acceleration, displacement can be calculated using: s = ut + (1/2)at^2
Projectile motion
The document discusses projectile motion. Projectile motion involves both vertical and horizontal motion that are independent of each other. There are two cases of projectile motion: horizontal launch and angled launch. Factors like initial velocity and projection angle affect the motion of a projectile by influencing its trajectory, range, and height. While a projectile experiences free fall due to gravity, projectile motion and free fall involve different types of motion.
Projectile motion
A projectile is an object upon which the only force acting is gravity. There are many examples of projectiles. An object dropped from rest is a projectile as long as that the influence of air resistance is negligible. An object that is thrown vertically upward is also a projectile provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible. And an object which is thrown upward at an angle to the horizontal is also a projectile as long as that the influence of air resistance is negligible. A projectile is any object that once projected or dropped continues in motion by its own inertia and is influenced only by the downward force of gravity.
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This document discusses projectile motion, beginning with an overview of the objectives and definitions. It explains that a projectile experiences only gravity and air resistance, and its motion can be analyzed as independent vertical and horizontal components. Horizontal projectiles follow the simplest case where velocity is constant horizontally but follows parabolic free fall vertically. Non-horizontal projectiles require calculating initial velocity components and analyzing changes in vertical velocity over time. Solving projectile motion problems generally involves drawing diagrams, choosing a coordinate system, and applying the independent kinematic equations along each axis. Air resistance decreases a projectile's range from the ideal parabolic trajectory.
Kinematics
This document discusses kinematics, which is the analysis of motion along a straight line without considering forces. It defines key concepts like position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and how to calculate these values using basic equations. Position is measured relative to a reference point and displacement is the change in position. Velocity is the rate of change of position and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Under constant acceleration, the average and instantaneous values are equal and basic equations can be used to calculate values like displacement, velocity, and acceleration given time and initial conditions.
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The document describes projectile motion and the key concepts involved. It defines a projectile as a particle thrown obliquely near the earth's surface that moves along a curved path. It discusses the trajectory, components of velocity and acceleration, equations of motion, time of flight, range, maximum height, and velocity of a projectile at any instant. Examples of projectile motion calculations are provided to illustrate how to determine initial velocities, maximum height, range, and the time and distance required for a bomb to hit a target from an airplane.
Free fall
Free fall is the motion of an object under the influence of gravitational force only. During free fall, the acceleration due to gravity (g) is about 9.8 m/s2, causing the object's speed to increase by 9.8 m/s every second and its position to change according to the kinematic equations of motion. In a vacuum, where there is no air resistance, all objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate due to gravity regardless of their mass or shape.
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This document discusses projectile motion in physics. It defines a projectile as any object projected by some means that continues to move due to its own inertia. Projectiles move in two dimensions and have both horizontal and vertical velocity components. The horizontal component is constant, while the vertical component changes due to gravity. Together these components produce the parabolic trajectory of a projectile. Examples are provided of analyzing the motion of horizontally and vertically launched projectiles using kinematic equations and taking into account the initial velocity components.
projectile motion horizontal vertical -170213175803 (1).pdf
This document provides information about projectile motion. It defines a projectile as any object projected by some means. Projectiles move in two dimensions, with a horizontal velocity component that is constant and a vertical component that changes due to gravity. The path of a projectile is parabolic. There are two types of projectile motion: horizontally launched, where the initial vertical velocity is zero; and vertically launched, where the velocity must be broken into horizontal and vertical components using trigonometry. Kinematic equations are used to analyze the motion by treating the horizontal and vertical motions separately. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving problems for variables like time, displacement, velocity, and height using the appropriate kinematic equations.
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projectile motion
this is all about projectile motion......first few slides are only for presentation ....if needed u can ignore them.....
Projectile
Students conducted an experiment to study projectile motion. They built a launch pad with an adjustable angle and elastic band to launch projectiles at varying angles and velocities. Observations of the projectile's range and maximum height were recorded. The experiment demonstrated that a projectile's horizontal velocity remains constant while its vertical velocity changes, and that range is greatest at an angle of 45 degrees.
5 - Circular motion
The document discusses circular motion and centripetal acceleration. It defines that while an object in circular motion has a constant speed, its velocity is constantly changing direction. Therefore, the object is accelerating towards the center of the circular path. This centripetal acceleration is provided by an unbalancing centripetal force directed towards the center. The document also provides equations for calculating centripetal acceleration, force, speed, and period for objects in uniform circular motion.
Projectile motion
Projectile motion can be thought of as the combination of horizontal and vertical motion. The horizontal motion is unaffected by gravity and follows the equation x=u*cosθ*t, while the vertical motion is affected by gravity and follows the equation y=u*sinθ*t - 0.5*g*t^2. The path of a projectile forms a parabolic curve. Factors like the launch angle and initial velocity determine the time of flight, maximum height, and horizontal range of the projectile. Projectile motion has applications in various sports to calculate the optimal angle for maximum distance.
1.5 projectile motion
A projectile is an object moving under the influence of gravity with a parabolic path. Its motion can be analyzed by separating the horizontal and vertical components. In the horizontal direction, the velocity is constant, while in the vertical direction there is a constant acceleration due to gravity. Projectile motion is used to model many real-world scenarios like thrown objects, diving, and artillery fire. Solving projectile motion problems involves separating the horizontal and vertical motions and using kinematic equations with the initial velocities and gravitational acceleration.
1.3 velocity
1) Acceleration is a measure of how quickly velocity changes. It can represent a change in speed, direction, or both.
2) The slope of a velocity-time graph represents acceleration. The area under the graph represents displacement.
3) For objects experiencing uniform acceleration, displacement can be calculated using: s = ut + (1/2)at^2
Projectile motion
The document discusses projectile motion. Projectile motion involves both vertical and horizontal motion that are independent of each other. There are two cases of projectile motion: horizontal launch and angled launch. Factors like initial velocity and projection angle affect the motion of a projectile by influencing its trajectory, range, and height. While a projectile experiences free fall due to gravity, projectile motion and free fall involve different types of motion.
Projectile motion
A projectile is an object upon which the only force acting is gravity. There are many examples of projectiles. An object dropped from rest is a projectile as long as that the influence of air resistance is negligible. An object that is thrown vertically upward is also a projectile provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible. And an object which is thrown upward at an angle to the horizontal is also a projectile as long as that the influence of air resistance is negligible. A projectile is any object that once projected or dropped continues in motion by its own inertia and is influenced only by the downward force of gravity.
Projectile motion
This document discusses projectile motion, beginning with an overview of the objectives and definitions. It explains that a projectile experiences only gravity and air resistance, and its motion can be analyzed as independent vertical and horizontal components. Horizontal projectiles follow the simplest case where velocity is constant horizontally but follows parabolic free fall vertically. Non-horizontal projectiles require calculating initial velocity components and analyzing changes in vertical velocity over time. Solving projectile motion problems generally involves drawing diagrams, choosing a coordinate system, and applying the independent kinematic equations along each axis. Air resistance decreases a projectile's range from the ideal parabolic trajectory.
Kinematics
This document discusses kinematics, which is the analysis of motion along a straight line without considering forces. It defines key concepts like position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and how to calculate these values using basic equations. Position is measured relative to a reference point and displacement is the change in position. Velocity is the rate of change of position and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Under constant acceleration, the average and instantaneous values are equal and basic equations can be used to calculate values like displacement, velocity, and acceleration given time and initial conditions.
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**More good stuff available at:
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in rotational kinematics covered in Chapter 8, including angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration. It defines these rotational variables and their relationships to linear motion. Examples are given to illustrate calculating angular variables and transforming between rotational and tangential linear motion for objects like rolling wheels or helicopter blades. Formulas for rotational kinematics with constant angular acceleration are also presented.
Chapter 07 impulse and momentum
1) Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. Impulse is the change in momentum caused by a force acting over a time interval.
2) Conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. During collisions or explosions, the total initial momentum equals the total final momentum.
3) Impulse and momentum are directly related through the equation: Impulse = Change in Momentum. A force acting over a time interval will change an object's momentum by an amount equal to the impulse.
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The document discusses free fall and Galileo's experiments proving that all objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass if air resistance is neglected. It notes that Galileo timed metal balls rolling down an inclined plane with a water clock to measure their speed of falling. The key equations for free fall acceleration due to gravity (g = -9.8 m/s^2) and relationships between displacement, time, initial velocity, and final velocity are also presented.
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This document discusses projectile motion and related concepts. It defines a projectile as any object moving only under the influence of gravity. The horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile are independent, allowing the use of kinematic equations separately in each direction. Galileo first discovered that objects fall at the same rate regardless of mass by dropping objects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The document provides examples of solving projectile motion problems by separating the horizontal and vertical components.
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Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, representing its resistance to stopping. Impulse is the product of the average force applied and the time over which it acts, representing the change in momentum. The impulse-momentum theorem states that the impulse on an object equals the change in its momentum. Examples show how to calculate momentum, impulse, and the average force applied using the impulse-momentum theorem.
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The document describes projectile motion and the key concepts involved. It defines a projectile as a particle thrown obliquely near the earth's surface that moves along a curved path. It discusses the trajectory, components of velocity and acceleration, equations of motion, time of flight, range, maximum height, and velocity of a projectile at any instant. Examples of projectile motion calculations are provided to illustrate how to determine initial velocities, maximum height, range, and the time and distance required for a bomb to hit a target from an airplane.
Free fall
Free fall is the motion of an object under the influence of gravitational force only. During free fall, the acceleration due to gravity (g) is about 9.8 m/s2, causing the object's speed to increase by 9.8 m/s every second and its position to change according to the kinematic equations of motion. In a vacuum, where there is no air resistance, all objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate due to gravity regardless of their mass or shape.
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A football is kicked at an angle of 65° with a speed of 18 m/s.
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Intelligence (AI) based TechnologyAuthor: Umakant Bhaskar Gohatre
AI (Artificial Intelligence) in agriculture refers to the use of advanced technologies and algorithms to
improve various aspects of farming and crop management. It involves leveraging data, machine
learning, computer vision, and other AI techniques to optimize agricultural processes, increase
productivity, reduce resource waste, and make informed decisions. Here are some key applications of
AI in agriculture
1. Crop Monitoring and Disease Detection:
• AI can analyze data from various sources such as satellite imagery, drones, and IoT
sensors to monitor crop health and detect diseases, pests, or nutrient deficiencies.
• Machine learning algorithms can process large datasets to identify patterns and
indicators of crop stress, enabling early intervention and targeted treatment.
2. Precision Farming:
• AI-based systems can collect and analyze data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and
historical crop performance to optimize planting, irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide
application.
• By integrating data from sensors, drones, and other devices, AI can provide real-time
recommendations for precise and site-specific farming practices, reducing costs and
environmental impact.
3. Autonomous Farming:
• Powered robots and autonomous vehicles can perform tasks such as planting,
harvesting, and weeding with precision and efficiency.
• Computer vision algorithms enable machines to identify and differentiate between crops,
weeds, and other objects in the field, allowing for targeted actions and selective
treatments.
4. Yield Prediction and Forecasting:
• By analysing historical data, weather patterns, and other factors, AI algorithms can
predict crop yields, helping farmers make better decisions regarding planting schedules,
resource allocation, and market planning.
5. Livestock Monitoring
• AI-based systems can monitor the health and behavior of livestock using computer
vision and sensor technologies.
• Facial recognition and behavioral analysis can identify individual animals, detect signs
of distress or illness, and optimize feeding and breeding programs.
6. Supply Chain Optimization:
• AI can optimize the logistics and supply chain management in agriculture, improving
traceability, reducing waste, and enhancing efficiency.
• Predictive analytics can help anticipate market demand, optimize transportation routes,
and streamline inventory management.
7. Decision Support Systems:
• AI can provide farmers with decision support tools, analyzing complex data and
providing actionable insights.
• By considering multiple factors such as weather, market prices, and historical data, AI
systems can recommend optimal planting strategies, input management, and risk
mitigation measures.
The integration of AI in agriculture holds great potential to address the challenges faced by the industry,VLSI Design Book CMOS_Circuit_Design__Layout__and_Simulation
VLSI Design Book CMOS_Circuit_Design__Layout__and_SimulationSmt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai
CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology continues to be the
dominant technology for fabricating integrated circuits (ICs or chips). This dominance
will likely continue for the next 25 years and perhaps even longer. Why? CMOS
technology is reliable, manufacturable, low power, low cost, and, perhaps most
importantly, scalable. The fact that silicon integrated circuit technology is scalable was
observed and described in 1965 by Intel founder Gordon Moore. His observations are
now referred to as Moore's law and state that the number of devices on a chip will double
every 18 to 24 months. While originally not specific to CMOS, Moore's law has been
fulfilled over the years by scaling down the feature size in CMOS technology. Whereas
the gate lengths of early CMOS transistors were in the micrometer range (long-channel
devices) the feature sizes of current CMOS devices are in the nanometer range
(short-channel devices).
To encompass both the long- and short-channel CMOS technologies in this book,
a two-path approach to custom CMOS integrated circuit design is adopted. Design
techniques are developed for both and then compared. This comparison gives readers
deep insight into the circuit design process. While the square-law equations used to
describe MOSFET operation that students learn in an introductory course in
microelectronics can be used for analog design in a long-channel CMOS process they are
not useful when designing in short-channel, or nanometer, CMOS technology. The
behavior of the devices in a nanometer CMOS process is quite complex. Simple
equations to describe the devices' behavior are not possible. Rather electrical plots are
used to estimate biasing points and operating behavior. It is still useful, however, for the
student to use mathematical rigor when learning circuit analysis and design and, hence,
the reason for the two-path approach. Hand calculations can be performed using a
long-channel CMOS technology with the results then used to describe how to design in a
nano-CMOS process. Question Bank: Network Management in Telecommunication
Question Bank: Network Management in TelecommunicationSmt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai
Question Bank: Network Management in TelecommunicationModule 1: Introduction of Network Management
1] What problem would you expect the NMS to resolve, and how?
2] What are the Challenges of IT Manager?
3] Explain trouble ticket administration?
4] Draw Network Management Dumb bell architecture.
5] In absence of a sophisticated NMS, explain the methods used for Management in an
organization.
6] List some common network problems.
7] Why NMS is required?
8] Draw the Dumbbell architecture for Network management.
9] What is the goal of Network Management?INTRODUCTION TO CYBER LAW The Concept of Cyberspace Cyber law Cyber crime.pdf
INTRODUCTION TO CYBER LAW The Concept of Cyberspace Cyber law Cyber crime.pdfSmt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai
The document provides an introduction to cyber law and the concept of cyberspace. It discusses how cyberspace has evolved from connecting people to information in 1990 to connecting everything today. It defines cyberspace as the electronic medium of computer networks used for online communication. Cyberspace includes the internet, websites, computers, networks, software, and electronic devices. The document outlines some key characteristics of cyberspace such as its intangible nature, lack of respect for national boundaries, open participation, and potential for anonymity. It also discusses various cyber crimes and penalties under the IT Act.LRU_Replacement-Policy.pdf
LRU Replacement Policy
The Least Recently Used replacement policy chooses to
replace the page which has not been referenced for the longest time.
This policy assumes the recent past will approximate the immediate
future. The operating system keeps track of when each page was
referenced by recording the time of reference or by maintaining a
stack of references
Network Management Principles and Practice - 2nd Edition (2010)_2.pdf
Network Management Principles and Practice - 2nd Edition (2010)_2.pdfSmt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai
Table of Contents
Copyright
Endorsements
Preface
About the Author
Plitt J: Background
Oiapt« 1. Data Communications and Networl< Management Overview
Section 1.1. Analogy cl Telephone Network Management
Section 1.2. Data (Computer) and Telea>mmunicatlon Network
Section 1.3. Distributed CCmputing Environment
Section 1.4. TCP/IP-Based Networks: Internet and Intranet
Section 1.5. Communication Protocols and Standards
Section 1.6. Networks, Systems, and Services
Section 1.7. case Histories on Network, System, ard Servics Management
Section 1.8. Challenges of IT Managers
Section 1.9. Network Management : Goals, Organization, and Functions
Section 1.10. Network Management Architecture and Organization
Section 1.11. Network Management Perspectives
Section 1.1.2. NMS Platform
Section 1.13. CUrrent Status and Future cl Network Mana{jement
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 2. Review of Information Nelwor1< and TechnologEuler Method Details
Euler's method is a numerical method to solve first order first degree differential equation with a given initial value. It is the most basic explicit method for numerical integration of ordinary differential equations and is the simplest Runge–Kutta method.
The Euler method is a first-order method, which means that the local error (error per step) is proportional to the square of the step size, and the global error (error at a given time) is proportional to the step size. The Euler method often serves as the basis to construct more complex methods, e.g., predictor–corrector method
Mini Project fo BE Engineering students
Mini Project fo BE Engineering students Smt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai
Mini Project fo BE Engineering students Smt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering,
Navi Mumbai
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Subject In charge: Umakant Bhaskar Gohatre, Assistant Professor
List of Mini Projects:
• Water Level Controller using 8051 Microcontroller: Here we are designing the
circuit which is used to detect and control the water level automatically in overhead
tank using 8051 microcontroller. It is used in industries to control the liquid level
automatically.
• Password Based Door Lock System using 8051 Microcontroller: This system
demonstrates a password based door lock system wherein once the correct code or
password is entered, the door is opened and the concerned person is allowed access to
the secured area. After some time, the door would be closed. Read this post completely
to get more information.
• Car Parking Guard Circuit Using Infrared Sensor: This circuit helps the person in
the driving seat in such a way that it gives an alarm if there is any obstacle or a wall
while parking or while driving in reverse. It is very useful in our real life.
• Battery Charger Circuit Using SCR: Here is the circuit diagram of battery charger
circuit using Silicon Controlled Rectifier. SCR can be used in half wave rectifier, full
wave rectifier, inverter circuits, power control circuits, etc.
• Interfacing GPS with 8051 Microcontroller: In this interfacing of GPS with 8051
circuit, GPS module calculates the position by reading the signals that are transmitted
by satellites.
• Speed Control of DC Motor Using Pulse Width Modulation: This pulse width
modulation technique is the more efficient way to proceed to manage the speed of our
DC motor manually.
• • Metal Detector Circuit: This is a simple metal detector circuit which is very useful
for checking the person in shopping malls, hotels, cinema halls to ensure that person is
not carrying any explosive metals or illegal things like guns, bombs etc.Mini Project for Engineering Students BE or Btech Engineering students
Mini Project for Engineering Students BE or Btech Engineering students Smt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai
Mini Project for Engineering Students BE or Btech Engineering students Smt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering,
Navi Mumbai
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Subject In charge: Umakant Bhaskar Gohatre, Assistant Professor
List of Mini Projects:
• Fire Alarm with Siren Sound: This circuit alerts us when there is a fire accident at home
by ringing a siren sound instead of a buzzer.
• Mosquito Repellent Circuit: Here is the simple electronic mosquito repellent circuit which
can produce ultrasound in the frequency range of 20-38 kHz, which can scare away mosquitoes.
• Electronic Letter Box: This is a simple circuit which helps in finding out any letter dropped
in our box by stopping the LED lights attached in this circuit.
• Dummy Alarm Circuit: The main principle of the circuit is to flash an LED for every 5
seconds. The circuit consists of 7555 timer IC as main component.
• DTMF Based Home Automation System Circuit: This is a simple and very useful circuit
in our real life named DTMF controlled home appliances system. It helps to control the home
appliances using DTMF technology.
• Ding Dong Sound Generator Circuit: This is ding dong sound generator circuit is designed
using 555 timer IC in astable mode. It can be used as doorbell. With some modifications, it can
be used to produce different sounds. Read this post for complete details.
• Digital Voltmeter Circuit using ICL7107: Here we designed a analog to digital converter
working as a digital voltmeter using a low power three and half digit A/D converter ICL7107
having internal 7 segment decoders, display drivers, a reference and a clock.
• Digital Temperature Sensor: The main principle of this circuit is to display the digital
temperature value. These are mainly used in environmental applications.
• Digital Stopwatch Circuit: This is a simple circuit that displays count from 0 to 59,
representing a 60 second time interval. It consists of a 555 timer to produce the clock pulses
and two counter ICs to carry out the counting operation.
• Basic Logic Gates Using NAND Gate: We are all well known that NOT, AND, OR are the
basic logic gates. Here we have shown how to design these basic logic gates using one of the
universal gates – NAND Gate.Ballistics Detsils
Ballistics is the field of mechanics that worries with the starting, flight conduct and effect impacts of shots, particularly gone weapon weapons, for example, slugs, unguided bombs, rockets or something like that; the science or craft of structuring and quickening shots in order to accomplish an ideal execution.
A ballistic body is a free-moving body with energy which can be liable to powers, for example, the powers applied by pressurized gases from a weapon barrel or a pushing spout, typical power by rifling, and gravity and air haul during flight.
A ballistic rocket is a rocket that is guided distinctly during the generally concise beginning period of fueled flight and the direction is in this way represented by the laws of traditional mechanics; rather than (for instance) a voyage rocket which is efficiently guided in controlled flight like a fixed-wing air ship.Projectile launchers
Throwing is the starting of a shot by hand. Albeit some different creatures can toss, people are curiously great hurlers because of their high expertise and great planning abilities, and it is accepted this is a developed attribute. Proof of human tossing goes back 2 million years. The 90 mph tossing velocity found in numerous competitors far surpasses the speed at which chimpanzees can toss things, which is around 20 mph. This capacity mirrors the capacity of the human shoulder muscles and ligaments to store flexibility until it is expected to drive an item.
Sling
VLSI Design_LAB MANUAL By Umakant Gohatre
VLSI Design_LAB MANUAL By Umakant GohatreSmt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai
This document outlines experiments to be conducted in a VLSI design lab manual. The experiments include drawing layouts of resistive load inverters, CMOS inverters, CMOS NAND gates, CMOS NOR gates, CMOS half adders, and CMOS full adders using CMOS 0.12um technology in Microwind3. The layouts will then be simulated to analyze their transient characteristics and output waveforms. One experiment also involves comparing the transfer characteristics of CMOS, resistive load, and NMOS load inverters.Cryptography and Network Security
This document discusses classical encryption techniques including monoalphabetic substitution ciphers like the Caesar cipher and cryptanalysis using letter frequencies. It also covers the Playfair cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher, transposition ciphers, product ciphers combining multiple techniques, and steganography for hiding messages. Rotor machines like the Enigma machine are presented as early examples of complex ciphers before the development of modern cryptography.
cyber crime, Cyber Security, Introduction, Umakant Bhaskar Gohatre
cyber crime, Cyber Security, Introduction, Umakant Bhaskar Gohatre Smt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai
Introduction
Cyber Crime
- What Is Cyber Crime?
- Types Of Cyber Crime
Cyber Security
- What Is Cyber Security?
- Top Seven Cyber Safety Actions
- Cyber Safety At Work & HomImage Compression, Introduction Data Compression/ Data compression, modelling...
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Data compression, modelling and coding, Lossless and Lossy Compression, Arithmetic
Coding – Decoding, Dictionary Based Compression, Sliding Window Compression:
LZ-77, LZ-78, LZW.
1.2 Image Compression
DCT, JPEG, JPEG – LS, Differential Lossless Compression, DPCM, JPEG – 2000
Standards.Introduction Data Compression/ Data compression, modelling and coding,Image C...
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Introduction to Data Compression
Data compression, modelling and coding, Lossless and Lossy Compression, Arithmetic
Coding – Decoding, Dictionary Based Compression, Sliding Window Compression:
LZ-77, LZ-78, LZW.
1.2 Image Compression
DCT, JPEG, JPEG – LS, Differential Lossless Compression, DPCM, JPEG – 2000
Standards.Python overview
Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language that is designed to be highly readable. It has fewer syntactical constructions than other languages and uses English keywords. Python can be processed at runtime without compiling, allows interactive use via a prompt, and supports object-oriented programming through encapsulating code in objects. Originally created by Guido van Rossum in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Python draws influence from many other languages and its source code is now available under the GNU GPL license.
Python numbers
Python supports four main numerical types - integers, long integers, floating point numbers, and complex numbers. It provides various functions for mathematical, random number, trigonometric operations and constants like pi and e. Numbers are immutable and created using literals or by assigning values. The del statement can delete single or multiple number references.
Python networking
This document provides an overview of network programming in Python. It discusses how Python allows both low-level socket access for building clients and servers as well as higher-level access to application protocols like FTP and HTTP. It then describes socket programming concepts like domains, types, protocols and functions for binding, listening, accepting, connecting, sending and receiving data. Simple client and server code examples are provided to demonstrate creating a basic socket connection between two programs. Finally, commonly used Python network modules for protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP and more are listed.
Python multithreading
- Python allows programmers to write multithreaded programs that run multiple threads concurrently for more efficient use of resources and responsiveness.
- The main benefits of multithreading over multiple processes are that threads within a process can share data and resources more easily. Threads also have less memory overhead than processes.
- There are two main modules for multithreading in Python - the older thread module and the newer threading module, which provides more powerful features and methods for managing threads.
Python modules
1) A Python module allows you to organize related code into a logical group and makes the code easier to understand and use.
2) Modules are imported using import statements and can contain functions, classes, and variables that can then be accessed from other code.
3) The import process searches specific directories to locate the module file based on the module name and import path.
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Chapter 2
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Projectile motion by umakant bhaskar gohatre
- 1. MR. UMAKANT BHASKARRAO GOHATRE Projectile Motion
- 2. What is projectile? Projectile -Any object which projected by some means and continues to move due to its own inertia (mass).
- 3. Projectiles move in TWO dimensions Since a projectile moves in 2- dimensions, it therefore has 2 components just like a resultant vector. Horizontal and Vertical
- 4. Horizontal “Velocity” Component NEVER changes, covers equal displacements in equal time periods. This means the initial horizontal velocity equals the final horizontal velocity In other words, the horizontal velocity is CONSTANT. BUT WHY? Gravity DOES NOT work horizontally to increase or decrease the velocity.
- 5. Vertical “Velocity” Component Changes (due to gravity), does NOT cover equal displacements in equal time periods. Both the MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION change. As the projectile moves up the MAGNITUDE DECREASES and its direction is UPWARD. As it moves down the MAGNITUDE INCREASES and the direction is DOWNWARD.
- 6. Combining the Components Together, these components produce what is called a trajectory or path. This path is parabolic in nature. Component Magnitude Direction Horizontal Constant Constant Vertical Changes Changes
- 7. Horizontally Launched Projectiles Projectiles which have NO upward trajectory and NO initial VERTICAL velocity. 0 /oyv m s= constantox xv v= =
- 8. Horizontally Launched Projectiles To analyze a projectile in 2 dimensions we need 2 equations. One for the “x” direction and one for the “y” direction. And for this we use kinematic #2. 21 2oxx v t at= + oxx v t= Remember, the velocity is CONSTANT horizontally, so that means the acceleration is ZERO! 21 2 y gt= Remember that since the projectile is launched horizontally, the INITIAL VERTICAL VELOCITY is equal to ZERO.
- 9. Horizontally Launched Projectiles Example: A plane traveling with a horizontal velocity of 100 m/s is 500 m above the ground. At some point the pilot decides to drop some supplies to designated target below. (a) How long is the drop in the air? (b) How far away from point where it was launched will it land? What do I know? What I want to know? vox=100 m/s t = ? y = 500 m x = ? voy= 0 m/s g = -9.8 m/s/s 2 2 2 1 1500 ( 9.8) 2 2 102.04 y gt t t t = → − = − = → = 10.1 seconds (100)(10.1)oxx v t= = = 1010 m
- 10. Vertically Launched Projectiles Component Magnitude Direction Horizontal Constant Constant Vertical Decreases up, 0 @ top, Increases down Changes Horizontal Velocity is constant Vertical Velocity decreases on the way upward Vertical Velocity increases on the way down, NO Vertical Velocity at the top of the trajectory.
- 11. Vertically Launched Projectiles Since the projectile was launched at a angle, the velocity MUST be broken into components!!! cos sin ox o oy o v v v v θ θ = =vo vox voy θ
- 12. Vertically Launched Projectiles There are several things you must consider when doing these types of projectiles besides using components. If it begins and ends at ground level, the “y” displacement is ZERO: y = 0
- 13. Vertically Launched Projectiles You will still use kinematic #2, but YOU MUST use COMPONENTS in the equation. cos sin ox o oy o v v v v θ θ = = vo vox voy θ oxx v t= 21 2oyy v t gt= +
- 14. Example A place kicker kicks a football with a velocity of 20.0 m/s and at an angle of 53 degrees. (a) How long is the ball in the air? (b) How far away does it land? (c) How high does it travel? cos 20cos53 12.04 / sin 20sin53 15.97 / ox o ox oy o oy v v v m s v v v m s θ θ = = = = = = v o =20.0 m /s θ = 53
- 15. Example A place kicker kicks a football with a velocity of 20.0 m/s and at an angle of 53 degrees. (a) How long is the ball in the air? What I know What I want to know vox=12.04 m/s t = ? voy=15.97 m/s x = ? y = 0 ymax=? g = - 9.8 m/s/s 2 2 2 1 0 (15.97) 4.9 2 15.97 4.9 15.97 4.9 oyy v t gt t t t t t t = + → = − − = − → = = 3.26 s
- 16. Example A place kicker kicks a football with a velocity of 20.0 m/s and at an angle of 53 degrees. (b) How far away does it land? What I know What I want to know vox=12.04 m/s t = 3.26 s voy=15.97 m/s x = ? y = 0 ymax=? g = - 9.8 m/s/s (12.04)(3.26)oxx v t= → = 39.24 m
- 17. Example A place kicker kicks a football with a velocity of 20.0 m/s and at an angle of 53 degrees. (c) How high does it travel? CUT YOUR TIME IN HALF! What I know What I want to know vox=12.04 m/s t = 3.26 s voy=15.97 m/s x = 39.24 m y = 0 ymax=? g = - 9.8 m/s/s 2 2 1 2 (15.97)(1.63) 4.9(1.63) oyy v t gt y y = + = − = 13.01 m