The document discusses urban analysis and design principles through a case study of the Bovenkerk neighborhood design project. It begins with an overview of scales of urban analysis from the district to neighborhood level. Principles of road patterns, building typologies, and public space design are covered. The case study then examines the site context, conceptual plan, and final urban plan for Bovenkerk, which included considerations for traffic systems, green space, water management, and building typologies.

1. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Bk7210 Urban analysis & design
Minor: Green Blue City 2013
Lecture 2
Urban analysis
and design principles Evelien Brandes

2. 1. Theory: Analysis of realized urban plans as the base for urban design slide 3-5
2. Scales of urban analysis and design: district and neighbourhood slide 6-10
3. The scale of the (city) district: structures and main elements slide 11-15
4. Principles on neighbourhood scale slide 16-28
5. Special focus elements slide 29-46
6. An example of urban design: Bovenkerk slide 47-60
7. Creative commons slide 61
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Contents of this lecture

3. Analysis of realized urban plans are the base for urban design
An urbanist is constantly going through a medium-switch
from the real situation to the layout plan and from high level scale to detailed scale.
- for everyone the low scale is the scale one experiences
- studies of a lot of plans lead to a wide range of references (precedents)
Urban design forms are the framework for (landscape) architects
The urbanist has to have knowledge of building typologies and public spaces
so the urban plan generates possibilities for architecture and landscape design.
An urban design does not need to be too complicated
It is about a plausible solution (to get actors- and public support)
Complicated solutions are often too expensive, so will be deleted in the process.
The urbanist also generates ideas about the assignment itself
What should be done to improve this spatial situation or
Where is the right location for the demanding function?
What is the right program (amount / types of functions) for this location?
1. Some theories of urban plan making
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes

4. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Observing: city plan and reality
Rotterdam Kop van Zuid

5. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Relation public space and building typology
Building typology
standard building block courtyard building, free-standing buildings
single housing collective buildings collective buildings
Public space
Street profiles, squares, parks, waterfronts, routes, bridges
An urban plan is designed on
the basis of public space, not
from the build structures

6. - Level of the city district (dutch: stadsdeel) / city scale
- Level of the district (dutch: wijk) / local scale
- Level of the neighbourhood (dutch: buurt) / detailed scale
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
2. Scales of urban design

7. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
- Level of District
layout plan 1: 10.000 - 1: 5.000
- Level of Neighbourhood
neighbourhood profiles: 1: 1.000 - 1: 500
Vlekkenplan for neighbourhoods
Borders and total (i.e. 1.000 dwellings/
neighbourhood)
Main structure infrastructure,
car, bus + busstops, bike
green- and waterstructure
and public facilities
Parceling with buildings, streets, public green and shops/schools
As detailed plan, i.e. zoning plan (bestemmingsplan)
approximate 200 - 1000 dwellings >> front and back facades
the city district (dutch: stadsdeel), the district (dutch: wijk) and the neighbourhood (dutch: buurt)
layout plan: 1:2.000 a 1: 1.000
street and terrain profiles: 1: 500 - 200
Scales of urban design

8. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes Layout plan of the district Tarwewijk, drawings by students
buildings high
buildings mid
buildings low
shops
industry high
industry low
public building
private grounds
park
paved pubic area
water
metro
tram
sytem border

9. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes Layout plan of the district Tarwewijk, drawings by students
buildings 10 storeys
buildings 5 storeys
buildings 4 storeys
buildings 1 or 2 storeys
private grounds
park
trees
road
bike lane
sidewalk
parking
metro

10. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes Recent image from Tarwewijk

11. - Showing the elementary, determined elements
- Green and water structure
- Entrance to the district, main roads, public transport, main bike lanes,
parks, shopping centre, concentration of schools and other facilities
-
- Examples and scale of main elements, crucial details
- Borders and surroundings of the location
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
3. The scale of the (city) district

12. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Design of the main structure Ypenburg
From general layout plan to detailed parcel plan

13. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Elements on city or
district level
Access road, Zuidplein, Laan op Zuid and Zuiderpark

14. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
< 70m wide >
Main plan elements
Ypenburg, tramway and Laan op Zuid

15. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Location Vinex Ypenburg
1990
Plan Amsterdam South
1930
Relation with the existing environment

16. - Road patterns
- Relation main structure elements and neighbourhood patrons
- Building typologies: low-rise or high-rise, closed building block or open
blocks; free-standing buildings
- Inner courts, public or private collective
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
4. Urban design principles

17. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
grid
cul de sac
radburn
couliflower
continious
neutral
spread traffic
Brancing / dead ended
A single entree
hierarchie
green paths without
(moterized) traffic
city
Principle of network solutions
landscape

18. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
one or a few entrees >
neutraal or hierarchical >
mash width variation >
Gridstructure
< basic principle
< directional variation
Basic model - neutral

19. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Closed block
model of the city

20. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Basic principles for corners and street patterns
with low-rise housing

21. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Basic parcellation scheme for low-rise housing
9,5m 23m 2m 91,2m 2m 23m 9,3m
160,3m
1,5m 5m 3m 10m 10m
bikelane
sidewalk
frontgarden
dwelling
backgarden
backalley
16 x 5,7m
dwellings
10m 10m 3m 5m 1,5m 6m 1,5m
bikelane
sidewalk
frontgarden
dwelling
backgarden
backalley
(car)lane
bikelane
7,5m48m15m
5m2m3m3m7x6m3m3m2m5m2m3m3m
roadway
parking
sidewalk
(front) garden
dwellings
(front) garden
sidewalk
parking
street
(front) garden
sidewalk
parking
63m
Dwellings / building block: 46
Parking spaces: 58
Area fabric unit*: 10080 m2 (160mx63m)
46 dwellings / hectare netto
to compare:
standaard district density: 35 dw/ha
*fabric unit = building block including road infrastructure

22. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
10-12m
n x 6-10m
n x 6-10m
min. 30m
nx8-12m
n x 8-12m
min.20m
12-14m
n x 6-10m
1. Porch apartment block (open)
> strip alignment
> access by vertical cores (porches)
> 4-6 storeys (x 3m)
> elevator is mandatory >12m
2. Gallery apartment block (open)
> strip alignment
> access by 2 corner cores + gallery
> 4-6 storeys (x 3m)
> elevator is mandatory >12m
3. Closed building block
> closed loop alignment
> access porches and/or gallery
> access from street and/or court
> 4-6 storeys (x 3m)
> elevator is mandatory >12m
Open and closed apartment block typology
"n" stands for the infinite amount of units

23. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
min. 30m
18-25m
n x 6-10m
20-30m
20-30m
Freestanding apartment block typology
1. Apartment block or flat
> double strip alignment
> access by 2 corner cores + hallway
> 4-10 storeys (x 3m)
> elevator is mandatory >12m
2. Apartment tower/Urban villa
> core alignment
> access by central core
> 1-4 apartments/storey
> Urban villa <12m
> Low tower: 4-12 storeys (x 3m)
> Medium tower: 12-27 storeys (x 3m)
> High tower: 27-n storeys (x 3m)
example: Montevideo R'dam (150m)
> plinth can be higher (4-5m) and broader
often facilitates different function (communal, commercial, etc.)
> underground parking preferable
> distance between blocks >10m, due privacy and fire protection
> preferable ratio hight blocks to width streets/courtyards 1:2
parking
parking
"n" stands for the infinite amount of units

24. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
plan of thirth floor
section with "piercing dwellings" in the courtyard
Apartment block “The Whale” Amsterdam, Frits van Dongen
Apartment block typology

25. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
shop on the corner garden on the corner
closed corner closed corner with garden
Corners of the low-rise housing
Statenkwatier and Ypenburg, The Hague

26. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Closed corners in the city
Centre of Paris

27. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Standard back gardens
low-rise housing
Gardens 8-10m deep, often back alley

28. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes Gardens >20m deep
Possiblities with deep
back gardens

29. - Straight lines or curving or angled ones
- Position of landmarks
- Parking in the open air or garage
- Neighbourhoods with water: singel or a canal
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
5. Special focus elements

30. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
wide 16m
margin 12-20m
Residential street
Statenkwatier and Ypenburg, The Hague

31. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
wide 22-30m
with median strip for parking or green
Lane
Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht

32. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
wide 30-40m
possiblilities :
road for through traffic
double lanes
green or architectural unity
Keizer Karelweg, Amstelveen and Valliantlaan, The Hague
Traffic road

33. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
The square as unity
Witteveenplein, Kop van Zuid, Rotterdam

34. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
very light curvature
sightline through continuing streets
Curves and sight lines
Inner city, Delft and Bovenkerk, Amstelveen

35. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Sight lines, points for
special architecture
and fronts
Carnisselande, Statenkwartier and Kop van Zuid

36. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Standard street and parking
The Hague

37. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Parking in the open air
Utrecht Leidsche Rijn

38. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Ensemble as
architectonic unity
Kop van Zuid, Rotterdam

39. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Design of the public space
Greenery, trees, water, pavement and street furniture

40. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Diversity by building plot
Carnisselande, Ypenburg, Javaeiland and Roombeek

41. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Recent housing:
apartments and low rise
Ypenburg and Leidsche Rijn

42. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
guidance in the street Delftseplein guidance in transition in-out
The plinth and relation between in- and outside
Leidscheveen and Amsterdam

43. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Relation with the water
Leidscheveen, Ypenburg and De Meern

44. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Composition of apartment buildings
Hamburg Hafencity

45. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht

46. Trafic system
sytem of roads, streets and squars, public transport and stops
Green
parks, playgrounds, embankments and treelines
Water
large outside water or surface water, lanes, lakes, wadi
Building block type
open or closed, inner area, pubic or collective courts >> dwelling "milieu" type
integration public facilities
Public utilities
garbage disposal, electricity buildings
Edges
quays, fields, central points or lines, spots and nodes.
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Aspects

47. - Situation of the location
- Context, limitations by sewage utilities
- Concept plan
- Definitive plan
- Building typologies: low-rise or high-rise, closed building block or open blocks;
freestanding buildings
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
6. Design example: Bovenkerk (2004)

48. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
The design site used to be grassland,
containing a road to Schiphol, which
happend to be replaced by another road
beyond it.
Situation Bovenkerk Zuid

49. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Water route and ecological zone
Some restraints
from the context
Underground :
Main gas and water supply lines

50. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Concept plan

51. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
1: angled road 2: curved road
NOORDRAND variant 1
1: free standing buildings
NOORDRAND variant 2
2. attached buildings
Alternatives for discussion

52. School
buiildingS > 4 lagen
buildingS 4 layerS
public green
free parcelS
exciSting buildingS
low-riSe 2 layerS
low-riSe 3 layerS
buildingS 3 layerS
water
parking
Square
Scale 1:3000
parcelling plan
24-04-2004
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Urban plan

53. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
School
buiildingS > 4 lagen
buildingS 4 layerS
public green
free parcelS
exciSting buildingS
low-riSe 2 layerS
low-riSe 3 layerS
buildingS 3 layerS
water
parking
Square
Scale 1:3000
parcelling plan
24-04-2004
Urban design drawing in CAD

54. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Cross sections with short and long measures
bustrack - Vierlingsbeeklaan
near apartments in green
section 1a
Noorddammerlaan - eastern edge
near senior apartmens-court
section 2
SOUTH NORTH
SOUTH EAST
bustrack Vierlingsbeeklaan
Noorddammerlaan court

55. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Principles for corners and free standing buildings

56. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Traditional housing curved rows Modern dike housing
Modern
architecture
with pitched
roofs
Thin residential
tower
References for plan
Bovenkerk
All plans are newly build

57. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Curved road at one side realized with houses
Bovenkerk Amstelveen

58. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Corner as a front
Bovenkerk Amstelveen

59. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Corner as the entree of a residential street
Bovenkerk Amstelveen

60. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
Viewline realized
Bovenkerk Amstelveen

61. Creative commons
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles – ir. Evelien Brandes
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