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Sustainable Construction Research - Smart City Block Project
The Smart City Block project aims to reduce energy consumption and improve the quality of life in Brussels by focusing on innovative renovation strategies and community-oriented solutions. It addresses energy efficiency, regulatory frameworks, and urban planning through a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches. The project emphasizes trans-disciplinal methodology involving both technical and social sciences to enhance residential and communal environments.
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Sustainable Construction Research - Smart City Block Project
- 1. Smart City Block AnU.L.B. Research presented by Frédéric Klopfert With the sponsorship of 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 1
- 2. The energy-climate context GlobalEnergy Demand WEO 2012 Somewhere in Arctic 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 2
- 3. Brussels, capital ofEurope … Primary Energy Consumption in Brussels Region (TWh) Transport 23% Tertiary 33% Residential 41% Residential Tertiary Transport Source: IBGE 2009 Cities emissions: ➨ Building performance ➨ Building materials ➨ Behavioral practices 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 150 kWh/m2.Y 15 kWh/m2.Y 50 % CO2 in grey energy (50kWh/m2.Y, 50Y) the way people approach consumption 3
- 4. Regulatory Context • Post-Kyoto •Conference Of the Parties (COP) • Multi / Bilateral negotiations • RES 20/20/20 Directive • EPDB (Building Efficiency) • EED (Energy Efficiency) ➔ 20% Energy Efficiency ➔ 20% Renewable Energy ➔ 20 % CO2 reduction ➔ NZEB 2020 ➔ 80-95% CO2 reduction by 2050 • BATEX (incitative) • Passive standard 2015 (regulatory) 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 4
- 5. Energy Efficiency, habitsand rebound effect 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 5
- 6. How can weplan ? Can such “human behaviour” be planned? • Individualism vs increased need for social links • Mobility vs car • Security vs isolation • Evolving work patterns • Lifestyle trends • Migratory flows • …. Which approach is best suited ? • Top-down (city planning) • Bottom-up (grassroots initiatives) • Intermediate (participative & oriented) 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 6
- 7. The Smart CityBlock Project Objectives • • • • • Reduce energy consumption of households/SME Increase quality of life Tackle the renovation, not only new buildings Take into account population and housing diversity Currently concentrated on Brussels New paradigms and methodological approaches • • • 21/01/2014 Innovative concept of renovation at block-level Beyond individual level but not at city planning level Trans-disciplinary (Technology and Human sciences) U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 7
- 8. The Smart CityBlock Project Starting point City ➔ Select an adequate level of intervention Municipality ➔ Include technical and lifestyle elements District Statistical Sector City block Street Street section Place Flagey, Brussels – source Google Earth 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK Address 9
- 9. From Idea toFeasibility Study Early adopters Site Selection Existing projects Brussels Technical Modeling SCB Offer Economical Modeling Users survey Incentives Participative Modeling Segment Selection Case studies Co-elaboration Tools Co-elaboration Process Feasability Studies Stakeholder analysis Fuel-Poor Relays Feasability Studies Benchmarking Conclusions 21/01/2014 2012 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 2013 2014 2015 10 2016
- 10. 14 projects acrossEU and BE Highly diverse, and mostly recent experiences show the multiplicity of approaches and the complexity of analyzing existing eco-district experiences Existing projects Brussels • • • • SCB Offer Case studies New or Renovation 0,1 to 200 Ha surface 25 to 26.000 people Residential, tertiary or mix Users survey Focus Project Incentives Stakeholder analysis Social BedZED Bo01 EVA-Lanxmeer Hammarby Sjötad Next steps Park 20|20 Vauban Conclusions Vesterbro Biplan Dampoort Globe L’Espoir Mundo-B Pic Au Vent 21/01/2014 Savonnerie Heymans U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK UK, Beddington SE, Malmö NL, Culemborg EnvI Energy SE, Stockholm NL, Hoofdorp DE, Freiburg DK, Copenhagen BE, Brussels BE, Gent BE, Brussels BE, Brussels BE, Brussels BE, Tournai BE, Brussels Economic 11
- 11. Focus on differentrenovation approaches NEW DISTRICT BedZED, UK ➔ Private Initiative ➔ Old Coalmine site ➔ 82 houses and community services ➔ Full district reconstruction 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK DISTRICT RENOVATION L’ESPOIR, Brussels ➔ Public / Private Initiative ➔ Center of city (Molenbeek) ➔ 14 houses with garden ➔ House reconstruction 12
- 12. Harnessing data Existing projects Abundantinformation exists from various sources and with various levels of accuracy. City Brussels Municipality SCB Offer Case studies Users survey District Statistical Sector ≈ 700 Incentives Stakeholder analysis Next steps City block Street Conclusions Street section Address 21/01/2014 ≈ 3.500 The city block has been chosen as the most suited portion of a city to develop and implement community serviceoriented solutions U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK Information must be structured and concatenated into meaningful analysis criteria 13
- 13. Population 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMARTCITY BLOCK 14
- 14. Population 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMARTCITY BLOCK 16
- 15. Mobility 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMARTCITY BLOCK 17
- 16. Mobility 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMARTCITY BLOCK 19
- 17. Buildings 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMARTCITY BLOCK 20
- 18. Buildings Buildings 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMARTCITY BLOCK 21
- 19. Economic 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMARTCITY BLOCK 22
- 20. Segmentation methodology :PCA 59 criteria – 3,500 blocks PCA Eastern part of the city made of apartments and offices, above average socio-economic level 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 23
- 21. Final SCB Segmentation Centralolder districts with low socio-economic index, town houses dominance with shops and industrial remainders 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 24
- 22. Final SCB Segmentation HighNet Worth population; dominance peripheral villas and (semi-)detached houses with gardens 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 25
- 23. Final SCB Segmentation HigherMedium socio-economic index population, dominance of mid 20 century apartments 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 26
- 24. Selection methodology: compositeindicators 24 criteria – 3,500 blocks CI • Ecological deficit • Social deficit 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 27
- 25. Selecting test blocksout of 14 types High cumulated deficit 3.500 blocks 3.500 blocks 45% of blocks ➔ Selection of 3 interesting block types (I, H, M) for initial survey ➔ Choice of representative blocks within each type 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 28
- 26. Selected blocks forthe survey H (ecological deficit) • • • Low density High sanding villas Renovation at various periods I (social deficit) • • • • Large blocks with homogeneous buildings Small gardens Important mobility problem Low diversity M (Most represented) • • • 21/01/2014 Apartments in joint buildings Above average social status Part of the first dense crown, Mid20th century U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 29
- 27. SCB solutions offering(1/5) Existing projects Brussels SCB Offer Case studies Users survey Incentives Stakeholder analysis Next steps « Element » Physical element (construction, interior or exterior space, infrastructure, equipment, resource, etc.) which can be proposed during renovation for bringing energy savings, economic savings, increasing social interactions or reducing environmental impacts. Flux Chaleur Froid Eau Espaces Temp. Lumière Infrastructure Mobilier Equipement électro-ménager Sol Equipements techniques Electricité Ventilation Tâches Activités Étude Réalisation Avantages Scénarios Environnement qui pourront s’y développer Énergie Pratiques sociales Economique Fonctionnement synergies possibles Fonctionnalité Véhicules Autres Social Accès Données Conclusions Gaz Petit matériel, accessoires Matériel d’entretien et de réparation 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK Techniques 30
- 28. SCB solutions offering(2/5) Existing projects Technique Energie Panneaux solaires photovoltaïques Panneaux solaires thermiques Pompe à chaleur géothermique réversible Pompe à chaleur air/air réversible Récupérateur thermique Réseau thermique Cogénération Biogaz Brussels SCB Offer Case studies Users survey Incentives Stakeholder analysis Next steps Conclusions 21/01/2014 Enveloppe Isolation Ventilation mécanique Ombrage Toiture verte Façade verte Combles Revêtement de façade Ouvertures (éclairage) U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 31
- 29. SCB solutions offering(3/5) Environnemental (15) Mobilité Parking Vélo Parking voiture Vélo partagé Voiture partagé Réseaux de circulation Déchets Espace tri-déchets Compost Eau Récupération & traitement d'eaux grises Récupération & traitement d'eau de pluie Espaces extérieurs Potager Toiture verte Façade verte Aire de jeux/sport Jardin/terrasse 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 32
- 30. SCB solutions offering(4/5) Social (29) Sports/détente Salle slow sport Salle Fitness Piscine + bien-être thalasso/sauna/hammam Travail/intellectuel Bureau partagé Salle de réunion Salle d'étude/lecture Taches domestiques Buanderie Atelier Pièce stockage Alimentation Cuisine Surgélateur Cellier Cave à vin Potager Loisirs Chambre d'hôte Cuisine Local répétition musique/concert Salle de fêtes Jardin/terrasse Aire de jeux/sport Salle exposition Cinéma/théâtre/conférence Salle de rencontres/salle de quartier Salle TV/Hifi Education Salle d'études/lecture Crèche Divers Sanitaires 21/01/2014 Maison ou élément témoin CITY BLOCK U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART 33
- 31. SCB solutions offering(5/5) « Scenario » A combination of elements that are closely interrelated. Technical scenario are linked by physical flows (energy, water, ...) Human scenario refer to elements that are linked by human activities. 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 34
- 32. A solution element- example 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 35
- 33. Profitability analysis ofan investment Existing projects Brussels SCB Offer Case studies Users survey Incentives Stakeholder analysis Next steps Conclusions 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 36
- 34. People’s reactions ? Existingprojects Brussels SCB Offer Case studies Users survey Incentives Stakeholder analysis Next steps Conclusions Source: master thesis C. Meeus 2012-2013 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 37
- 35. Can incentivation programshelp? Existing projects Brussels SCB Offer Study of financial and non-financial incentives Type d’incitant Extrinsèque Financier Primes, subsides, etc. (offerts Gain financier grâce aux par les pouvoirs publics) économies de ressources réalisées, etc. (dans le cadre d’un SCB) Monnaies complémentaires de Place de parking, toiture verte, type Eco-Iris, E-portemonnee, véhicules partagés, cuisine Torekes, etc. (extérieurs à SCB) commune, etc. (dans le cadre d’un SCB) Case studies Users survey Non-financier Incentives Stakeholder analysis Intrinsèque Next steps Conclusions 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 38
- 36. Main stakeholders ofa SCB project Existing projects Brussels SCB Offer Case studies Users survey Incentives Stakeholder analysis Next steps Conclusions • Private sector – Architects – Consulting firms (engineering, construction, design, social economy, urban planning, environment) – Real-estate promoters – Energy producers/suppliers – Local inhabitants comittees • Public sector – European Union – Federal, regional governments – Local authorities (19) • Initiatives – Contrats de quartiers durables – Quartiers durables citoyens – Partenariats Public Privé Source: master thesis C. Meeus 2012-2013 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 39
- 37. From Idea toFeasibility Study Early adopters Site Selection Existing projects Existing projects Brussels Brussels Technical Modeling SCB Offer SCB Offer Economical Modeling Case studies Users survey Users survey Incentives Incentives Stakeholder analysis Participative Modeling Segment Selection Case studies Co-elaboration Tools Co-elaboration Process Feasability Studies Stakeholder analysis Next Steps Fuel-Poor Relays Conclusions Feasability Studies Benchmarking Conclusions 21/01/2014 2012 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 2013 2014 2015 40 2016
- 38. Next steps Existing projects Brussels SCBOffer Case studies Users survey Incentives Stakeholder analysis Next Steps Conclusions Sélection par affinages successifs • Critères techniques • Critères participatifs • Site internet, communication Early adopters Site Selection Technical Modeling Modélisation: • Consommations/productions • Coûts/bénéfices • Gouvernance et incitants • Modes de financements Economical Modeling Participative Modeling Co-elaboration Tools Adhésion des participants: • Maquettes • Jeux participatifs • Simulations informatiques Co-elaboration Process Précarité énergétique: • Offre orienté confort de vie • Analyses de groupes cibles • Relais identifiés Feasability Studies Fuel-Poor Relays Feasability Studies Benchmarking (CPAS, FCSS/RWADE/Convivence, etc.) • Benchmark de solutions Conclusions Analyse détaillée et conclusions 21/01/2014 2012 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 2013 2014 2015 41 2016
- 39. Reasons to behere Existing projects Brussels • Strong SCB concept with high interests from academic and industrial stakeholders SCB Offer Case studies • Possible solution t help solve the challenges cities are facing Users survey Incentives Stakeholder analysis Next Steps Conclusion • Need for partners to achieve the next steps – – – – Building stakeholders Social and urban planners Innovative financial partners European research programs Sustainable districts Brussels Region 2012 Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life's coming attractions. A. Einstein 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 42
- 40. Smart City Block EcolePolytechnique de Bruxelles Service BEAMS Promotor: Prof. J.C. Maun Coordinators: F. Klopfert O. Mortehan C. Lhoir H. Joachain scb@ulb.ac.be 21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 43