Lecture xavi vilanova effcet of bacteria on truffle mycelium growth irta micofora 2017 zip

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The document summarizes a study that tested the effects of different bacteria strains and organic compounds on the concentration of Tuber melanosporum (black truffle) mycelium. The study established 15 treatment plots with oak trees at three sites - a nursery, a 3.5 year old plantation, and a 10 year old plantation. Testing found that the concentration of black truffle mycelium varied depending on the bacteria or organic compound treatment, and that different treatments were most effective at different tree ages. Certain organic substances and bacterial strains produced higher mycelium concentrations, especially in the nursery and 3.5 year old plantation. The results will help determine the best treatments for different host tree ages.

Science

MicologiaForestal&Aplicada.www.micofora.com
Tuber melanosporum mycelium concentration varies with
bacteria and organic compounds treatments
@xvilanovasola IRTA –Micofora research project 2017
xaviervilanova@micofora.com

MicologiaForestal&Aplicada.www.micofora.com
New data on host tree and truffle nutrition and
interacions with rhizosfere
Primeres tòfones 3,5 anys Primeres tòfones13 anys
>1000mm pluja + reg
Sòl franc, ric i orgànic
450mm pluja sense reg
Sòl argilós i pobre

MicologiaForestal&Aplicada.www.micofora.com
We tested 8 bacteria strains + 6 organic compounds on
nursery and plantations
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1) The life cycle of the black truffle Tuber melanosporum is still not fully understood. It is known to be heterotallic, requiring two mating types (MAT1 and MAT2) for sexual reproduction. 2) When substrate containing truffle spores is added to soil near trees, truffle production increases in that localized area after two years, suggesting the spores act as male elements. 3) The authors hypothesize that the first spores to germinate form ectomycorrhizal associations as female individuals, while other spores remain dormant in the soil bank and later germinate to act as male elements, explaining observations of truffle fruiting on young trees.

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Michel Van Thournout

Michel Van Thournout has over 15 years of experience in molecular biology, genetics, and bioinformatics research. He has worked on projects involving gene expression analysis, genetic research, and stress tolerance in crops like canola, soybean, and cotton. Currently he is a senior researcher for Bayer CropScience where he performs in-depth literature reviews, bioinformatics analysis, and provides expertise and support to various projects.

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1. The document discusses using the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and its symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila to eliminate the termite Coptotermes curvignathus in para rubber plantations. 2. It describes preparing suspensions of the nematode and bacteria and testing their effects in experiments where they are applied to termites along with various controls. 3. The results showed that the nematode was the most effective at eradicating the termites.

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Paola Caballero and Anthony Hernandez Scientific Manuscript

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This study isolated and characterized a novel mycobacteriophage (named Incognito) from soil in Puerto Rico. Soil samples were collected and enriched with Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria to isolate potential phages. A phage was isolated from soil sample #9 collected under a plantain tree. It was purified through three single plaque purifications. Characterization included determining its concentration through a spot test (3 x 107 PFU/mL) and visualizing its capsid proteins through gel electrophoresis. This study demonstrates that Puerto Rico's diverse tropical environments can support phage populations.

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Lectin from Paenibacillus polymyxa was shown to influence the adhesion stage of phagocytosis of conditionally pathogenic bacteria by macrophages. When lectin was introduced to mice or in vitro, it activated the adhesion of bacterial cells like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to macrophages. However, for Yersinia enterocolitica, lectin had little effect on adhesion and phagocytosis was incomplete. Lectin also increased the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines during phagocytosis of S. aureus and E. coli but not for Y. enterocolitica. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which lectin interacts with macrophage surface structures.

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This document describes several methods for isolating and detecting bacterial mutants, including replica plating, penicillin enrichment, and the Ames test. Replica plating involves transferring bacterial colonies from a "master plate" to replica plates with and without an amino acid to identify auxotrophic mutants. The penicillin enrichment technique also detects auxotrophs. The Ames test uses Salmonella strains to evaluate whether a chemical is mutagenic based on its ability to increase histidine revertants, indicating DNA damage. Chromogenic substrates can identify mutants unable to utilize substances like lactose due to lacking the enzyme beta-galactosidase.

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Positive selection allows for the isolation of mutants that are resistant to antibiotics by growing cultures on media containing the antibiotic. Only resistant mutant colonies will grow. Negative selection identifies mutants that have lost an ability, such as the ability to synthesize an essential nutrient. The replica-plating technique transfers bacterial colonies from a histidine-enriched master plate to plates with and without histidine. Mutants unable to synthesize histidine will only grow on the plate containing histidine. The Ames test uses a histidine-auxotrophic Salmonella strain to determine if a chemical is mutagenic by seeing if it causes more colonies to grow on a minimal plate lacking histidine.

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This study aimed to isolate antibiotic-producing soil bacteria to discover new antibiotics. Researchers collected a soil sample from Connecticut and isolated the bacterium Lysobacter antibioticus based on its zones of inhibition against pathogens. Sequence analysis identified the isolate as L. antibioticus. An ethyl acetate extract of L. antibioticus inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis but not the fungus Candida albicans, indicating antibiotic activity. L. antibioticus is known to produce beta-lactams and other antibiotics active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

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This document describes the replica plating technique used to isolate antibiotic resistance mutants from a bacterial population. The technique involves spreading bacteria onto a "master plate" containing nutrients. A velveteen cloth is then used to transfer the bacterial colonies onto a "replica plate" containing the same nutrients as well as an antibiotic like streptomycin. Colonies that grow on the replica plate containing the antibiotic represent antibiotic resistant mutants that were selected through this process. The number of resistant mutant colonies can then be counted and compared to the number on the plate without antibiotic. This technique allows for the isolation of antibiotic resistance mutants from a large bacterial population.

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This document discusses various methods for detecting mutations in microorganisms. It describes that mutations can be detected if they cause an altered phenotype. It then explains several techniques for detecting mutations including replica plating, resistance selection, substrate utilization, and the Ames test. Replica plating involves transferring bacterial colonies from a "master plate" to plates with different growth conditions to identify mutants unable to grow in certain conditions. Resistance selection and substrate utilization detect mutants able to grow in the presence of antibiotics or use alternative carbon sources. The Ames test uses Salmonella strains to identify whether chemicals cause mutations detectable as increased reversion to histidine prototrophy.

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Metagenomics is the study of genomes recovered from environmental samples without culturing. It involves extracting DNA from an environmental sample and sequencing the DNA. This allows study of the 99% of microbes that cannot be cultured. Metagenomics has applications in discovering new antibiotics, enzymes, and understanding microbial communities and host interactions. It provides a culture-independent way to access genetic diversity and biotechnological potential from uncultured microorganisms.

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This document discusses insect resistance in crops and the use of Bt cotton. It notes that 14% of potential crop yields are lost annually to insect pests. Bt cotton produces an insecticide by using a gene from Bacillus thurengiensis inserted into cotton plants, making the plants resistant to the cotton bollworm which can cause up to 70% yield loss. However, the document also lists some potential disadvantages of Bt crops, such as allergic reactions, tumor formation, high mortality/infertility in offspring, poor growth, and damage to various organs and the immune system.

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The document discusses the use of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha as a model organism to study plant evolution and interactions with the environment. Marchantia diverged from other land plants over 450 million years ago and has a simpler genome than crop plants. Two recent studies highlighted in the document used Marchantia to study how a pathogenic oomycete can infect and cause disease in plants, and how the jasmonate receptor COI1 is involved in wound response and defense, revealing insights into the ancient origins of these mechanisms. The document contrasts using simpler ancient plant models like Marchantia with using complex crop models, noting that both approaches provide different perspectives into the past evolutionary history and future food security of land plants

KarineHerveCV2015-

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Resistant varieties is one of the important components in integrated pest management. Studies of the Antixenotic and antibiotic resistance of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) varieties aims to obtain varieties resistant and suitable to be cultivated in the province of North Sulawesi. Research using factorial experiment, treatment peanut varieties: Local varieties (V1), Giraffe (V2), Bison (V3), Bima (V4), Elephant (V5) and Rabbit (V6). Organic fertilizer treatments: Without fertilization (P0) and Super Petroganik as much as 20 tonnes/ha (P1) with three replications. Application of organic fertilizer made one month before planting seeds. Antixenosis and antibiosis resistance research results at 30 days after planting (DAP), the highest stomata diameter contained in P1V1 treatment is 12.62 μm, the longest trichomes on P0V3 is 88.07 μm, the highest stem cotrtex on P1V2 is 88.30 μm, and the highest contained on P1V6 is 9.96 mg/g. The result of the 60 DAP is obtained that the highest yields diameter stomata, trichomes length and content of flavonoids in P1V6 each is 13.85 μm, 136.33 μm and 14:57 mg/g, being the highest cortex diameter on P1V5 is 158.80 μm. Based on the results of analysis of variance, flavonoid content peanut varieties 30 DAP and 60 DAP significantly different (P < 0.05), while the diameter of stomata, trichomes numbers and length number, and corticial stem not significant (P > 0.05). Resistance mechanisms developed peanut plants are antibiosis.

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Multidrug resistant microorganisms are globally becoming a major confrontment because of illogical use of antibiotics and this played a good role in investigation about the antibacterial compounds in plants. Thus, the present study investigate for the antibacterial effect of alcoholic extracts of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes , CommiphoramyrrhaL. gums and Ginkgo biloba L. leaves products against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plants samples extracted by soxhlet with methanol and fractionation with and four solution ( chloroform, hexane, water and ethyl acetate) were used for investigation about antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. The results showed that methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of C. longa L. rhizomes , C. myrrha L. gums showed biological activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus bacteria, but methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of G. biloba L. leaves product didn’t show any activity as antibacterial substance. It can be concluded that the presence of secondary metabolites as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and saponins in the plants under study would be marked a good anti-bacterial effect.

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This study evaluated the insecticidal potential of two monoterpenes, citronellol and geraniol, against two major stored grain pests, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Geraniol showed higher toxicity than citronellol against both pests. Geraniol achieved 52.76% mortality of S. oryzae at 0.02 μl/ml after 72 hours of exposure, while citronellol achieved only 26.3% mortality at the same dose and time. Against T. castaneum, geraniol achieved 68.75% mortality at 0.2 μl/ml after 72 hours compared to 30.77% for citronell

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In the present study, two pure monoterpenes: Citronellol and geraniol were tested for their fumigant toxicity, repellent activity, and antifeedant activity against two stored product insect pests, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) Monoterpenes tested showed varying degrees of toxicity against different species of stored product pests but were highly dependent on dosage and exposure duration. Geraniol was found to be highly effective against both S. oryzae and T. castaneum than citronellol. 0.02 μl/ml geraniol produced a mortality of 26.30 ± 0.11 after a short duration of 6 h that reached 52.76 ± 0.28% after an increased exposure of 72 h against S. oryzae while citronellol showed least activity producing a mortality of 52.76 ± 0.28 at 0.02 after 72 h of exposure. Similarly for T. castaneum geraniol produced 68.75 ± 0.55% mortality at 0.2 μl/ml after 72 h and citronellol even at a highest dose of 0.2 μl/ml caused 30.77 ± 0.49% mortality after 12 h. Geraniol produced 42.56 ± 1.9% repellent activity at 1 μl/cm2 after 1 h whereas repellency of 48.60 ± 1.4% was obtained by citronellol against T. castaneum after same concentration and time period citronellol and geraniol at a highest concentration of 1 μl/cm2 gave 56.61 ± 3.4 and 50.56 ± 1.1% repellency, respectively, after 5 h against S. oryzae. Feeding deterrence index (FDI) of 78.95 ± 0.09 and 67.59 ± 0.17% was obtained for citronellol and geraniol at a high concentration of 30 μl/g against T. castaneum. Citronellol showed 52.80 ± 0.32% FDI, followed by geraniol with 49.28 ± 0.17 FDI % against S. oryzae.

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03 f ijab 12-1261, 019-026

Synopsis Seminar

In vitro controlling of selected human diarrhea causing bacteria by clove ext...

Effect of Clariodeoglomusclariodeorum on morphology and abundant of carrot ro...

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF OTOSTEGIA LIMBATA L., AND AJUGA BR...

Antimicrobial activity of catharanthus roseus .

02_IJPBA_1892_20.pdf

Insecticidal Potential of Two Monoterpenes against Tribolium Castaneum (Herbs...

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