ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF MUTANTS
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This document describes several methods for isolating and detecting bacterial mutants, including replica plating, penicillin enrichment, and the Ames test. Replica plating involves transferring bacterial colonies from a "master plate" to replica plates with and without an amino acid to identify auxotrophic mutants. The penicillin enrichment technique also detects auxotrophs. The Ames test uses Salmonella strains to evaluate whether a chemical is mutagenic based on its ability to increase histidine revertants, indicating DNA damage. Chromogenic substrates can identify mutants unable to utilize substances like lactose due to lacking the enzyme beta-galactosidase.
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3. Theta replication occurs in prokaryotes and involves unwinding circular DNA at an origin of replication and replicating bi-directionally to form a theta-shaped structure.
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsMicronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
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THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
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ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF MUTANTS
- 1. ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF MUTANTS DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SUDHIR KUMAR GUPTA M.Sc.3rd Semester DR. SHAKUNTALA MISRA NATIONAL REHABILITATION UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW-226017
- 2. METHODS FOR MUTANT SELECTION REPLICA PLATE TECHNIQUE. PENICILLIN ENRICHMENT TECHNIQUE. AMES TEST. CHROMOGENIC SUBSTRATE.
- 4. REPLICA –PLATING TECHNIQUE • Joshua and Esther Ledgerberg (1952) developed a new technique called replica plating . • This technique is used to detect auxotrophic mutants and wild type strains on the basis of ability to grow in the absence of amino acids. • Also this test is used to demonstrate the presence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial cultures prior to exposure of antibiotic.
- 5. STEPS INVOLVED • Generate the mutants by treating a culture with a mutagen e.g.nitrosoguanidine . • Inoculate a plate containing complete growth medium and incubate it at proper temperature. Both wild type and mutant survivors will from complete medium. • This plate containing complete medium is called master plate. • Prepare a piece of sterile velvet and gently on the upper surface of the master plate to pick up bacterial cell from each colony.
- 6. • As pressed the master plate, again gently press the velvet on the replica plates containing complete medium in one set and lacking cine in only leucine in the other set. • Thus, the bacterial cells are transferred in replica plates in the same position as in master plate. • Incubate the plates and compare the replica plate with master plate for bacterial colony not growing on replica plate..
- 7. PENICILLIN ENRICHMENT TECHNIQUE Both Replica plating and penicillin enrichment techniques are used to detect auxotrophic mutants.
- 8. AMES TEST
- 9. AMES TEST : • Ames test In 1974 Bruce Ames developed a method for evaluating the potential of chemical to cause cancer, known as Ames test . • Ames test is based on the principle that both cancer and mutations results from the damage of DNA, and results of experiments have demonstrated that 90% of known carcinogen are also mutagens. • Several species of salmonella typhimurium are employed. Each strain contains a different
- 10. STEPS OF AMES TEST:- • Prepare the culture of Salmonella histidine auxotrophs (His-). • Mix the bacterial cells and test substance( mutagen) in dilute molten top agar with a small amount of histidine in one set, and control with cmplete medium plus large amount of histidine . • Pour the molten mix on the top of minimal agar plates and incubate at 37°C for 2-3 days.
- 11. • .Until histidine is depleted all the His- cells will grow in the presence of test mutagen. • When the histidine is completely exhausted only the revertants will grow on the plate. • The number of spontaneous revertants is low, whereas the number of revertant induced by carcinogen is quite high. • High number of colonies represent the greater mutagenicity. • A mammalian liver extract is added to the above molten top agar before plating. • The extract converts the carcinogen in to electrophilic derivatives which will soon react with DNA molecule. • In natural way it is occurs in mammalian system when foreign particle are metabolized in the liver • Bacteria does not have metabolizing capacity, therefore,
- 12. USE OF CHRMOGENIC SUBSTRATE Few mutants cannot utilize Carbon source such as Lactose because they lack enzyme ß- galactosidase. White colonies are the mutants which cannot utilize lactose.
- 13. REFERENCES Jeremy W. Dale and Simon F. Park. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, 5th edition. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication(2010). Textbook of Industrial Microbiology, 2nd edition (Biotechnology) by W. Cruger and A. Cruger, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland,US (2004). Schofield, M.J., Hsieh, P. DNA mismatch repair: molecular mechanisms and biological function. Annu Rev Microbiol 57: 579–608. (2003). Snyder, L. and Champness, W. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, 2nd edition, , ASM Press, Washington DC(2003). Sridhar Rao. PN., Bacterial genetics (2006). http://www.microrao.com
- 14. THANK YOU