This document provides information on emergency care for airway obstruction and heart attack. It discusses the signs and symptoms of respiratory distress and airway obstruction, including clutching the neck and inability to speak or cough. First aid management for airway obstruction includes back blows, chest thrusts, and abdominal thrusts. For an unconscious victim, chest compressions and rescue breathing are demonstrated. The signs and symptoms of a heart attack are also outlined. Early CPR is emphasized as critical for cardiac arrest victims, with the steps of CPR described, including chest compressions, opening the airway, and rescue breathing. Hands-only CPR is recommended for untrained bystanders.
Advanced Trauma Life Support : Part 1 - Basic Life SupportMayank Jain
For medical students, pg residents, nursing students, and other medical professionals. Contains medical jargon and advice, not for use by general public. For use only under a trained instructor.
Basic life support is a course run by American Heart Association that teaches about handling cardiac arrest in Out of Hospital and In Hospital Situations. This Presentation covers important aspects of the same.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
Advanced Trauma Life Support : Part 1 - Basic Life SupportMayank Jain
For medical students, pg residents, nursing students, and other medical professionals. Contains medical jargon and advice, not for use by general public. For use only under a trained instructor.
Basic life support is a course run by American Heart Association that teaches about handling cardiac arrest in Out of Hospital and In Hospital Situations. This Presentation covers important aspects of the same.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
CPR is a process of oxygenating heart, lung through external cardiac massage and artificial respiration until the definite medical treatment can restore the normal functioning of heart, lung and brain.
Basic Life Support, or BLS, generally refers to the type of care that first-responders, healthcare providers and public safety professionals provide to anyone who is experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory distress or an obstructed airway. It requires knowledge and skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using automated external defibrillators (AED) and relieving airway obstructions in patients of every age.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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3. Objectives: AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
1. Identify four signals of respiratory
distress.
2. Describe first aid care for a victim of
respiratory distress.
3. Demonstrate rescue breathing for an
adult.
4. Demonstrate first-aid for a conscious
victim with an obstructed airway.
5. Demonstrate first aid for an unconscious
victim with an obstructed airway.
4. HEART ATTACK
1. Identify four signals of heart attack
2. Describe how to care for a heart attack
victim.
3. Identify the primary signal of a cardiac
arrest.
4. Describe the purpose of CPR.
5. Demonstrate CPR.
5. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
Pathophysiology
A. Partially occluded B. completely occluded
1. hypoxia 1. permanent brain injury
2. hypercarbia or death will occur
within 3- 5 mins
3. respiratory cardiac arrest
absence of air movement
O2 sat of the Blood ↓
O2 deficit occurs in the brain Unconsciousness
Death
6. Upper Airway Causes:
1. aspiration of foreign bodies.
2. Trauma
3. Anaphylaxis
4. inhalation / Chemical burns
3. Viral or bacterial infection
7. Clnical Manifestation
A.Typically, a person cannot speak, breath,
or cough. The patient may clutch the neck
with fingers (universal distress signal).**
B. Choking, apprehensive appearance,
stridor, labored breathing, suprasternal &
intercostal retractions, flaring nostrils,
restlessness, & confusion. Cyanosis &
unconsciousness.
8.
9.
10. EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF
RESPIRATORY FAILURE
unable to speak,
breath or cough
clutches neck
(universal
distress signal)
bluish color of
skin and lips
11. ASSESSMENT & DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS
• Simply asking the person whether he or she is
choking.
• If the person is unconscious, inspection of the
oropharynx may reveal the offending object.
• x-rays
• Laryngoscopy, or bronchoscopy
13. Sudden Cardiac Arrest – A Health Burden
• Approximately 50% of deaths from
cardiovascular disease occur as SUDDEN
CARDIAC ARREST.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest is the most
common mode of death in patients with
coronary artery disease.
15. Health Burden of Sudden Cardiac Arrest
• Almost 80 percent of out-of-hospital cardiac
arrests occur at home and are witnessed by
a family member.
• Only 4-6 % of sudden cardiac arrest victims
survive because majority of those witnessing
the arrest do not know how to perform CPR .
16. Sudden Cardiac Arrest
• Unpredictable and can happen to anyone,
anywhere, at anytime
• Risk increases with age
• Pre-existing heart disease is a common cause
• May strike people with no history of cardiac
disease or cardiac symptoms
17. EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF
HEART ATTACK
prolonged compressing
pain or unusual
discomfort in the center
of the chest
may radiate to shoulder,
arm, neck or jaw,
usually on the left side
may be accompanied by
sweating, nausea,
vomiting and shortness
of breath
18. The NEW Chain of Survival
• Early access: immediate recognition and activation
•Early CPR
•Early defibrillation
•Early advanced care
•Integrated post-cardiac
arrest care
19. The First Link- Early Access
A well-informed lay person
- key in the early access
link.
Recognition of signs of
heart attack and
respiratory failure
Call for help immediately if
needed
Activate the Emergency
Medical System
20. EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF
HEART ATTACK
prolonged compressing
pain or unusual
discomfort in the center
of the chest
may radiate to shoulder,
arm, neck or jaw,
usually on the left side
may be accompanied by
sweating, nausea,
vomiting and shortness
of breath
22. MANAGEMENT
• If the patient can not breath & cough
spontaneously, a partial obstruction should be
suspected.
• The victim is encouraged to cough forcefully
and to persist with spontaneous coughing and
breathing efforts as long as good air exchange
exist.
• If the patient demonstrates a weak, ineffective
cough, high-pitched noise while inhaling,
increased respiratory difficulty, or cyanosis, the
patient should be managed as if there were
complete airway obstruction.
23. ESTABLISHING AIRWAY
Establishing an airway may be as simple as
repositioning the patient’s head to prevent the
tongue from obstructing the pharynx.
Maneuvers:
1. Abdominal thrusts
2. head-tilt-chin-lift
3. jaw- thrust
4. insertion of specialized equipment
- Oropharyngeal Airway - Combitube
- Endotraheal intubation - Cricothyroidotomy
24. MANAGING A FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
Asses for indication of Airway
Obstruction
person may clutch the neck
between thumb & fingers**
Weak, ineffective cough;
high-pitched noises on
inspiration
↑ respiratory distress
inability to speak, breath, or
cough
collapse
25. Heimlich Maneuver (subdiaphragmatic
abdominal thrust)
For standing or sitting conscious patient:
stand behind the patient, wrap your arms around
the patient’s waist, & proceed as follows:
1. Make a fist with one hand, placing the thumb side
of the fist against the patient’s abdomen, in the
midline slightly above the umbilicus and well below
the xiphoid process. Grasp the fist with the other
hand.
2. Press your fist into the patient’s abdomen with a
quick inward and upward thrust. Each new
thrust should be a separate & distinct
maneuver.
27. For patient lying down (unconcious)
1. Position patient on the
back.
2. Kneel astride the patient’s
thighs, facing the head.
3. Place the heel of one
hand against the patient’s
abdomen, in the midline
slightly above the umbilicus
and well below the tip of
the xiphoid; place the
second hand directly on
the top of the first.
4. press into the abdomen
with a quick upward thrust.
28. FINGER SWEEP
1. Open the adult patient’s mouth
by grasping both the tongue
and lower jaw between the
thumb & fingers and lifting the
mandible.
2. Insert the index finger of the
other hand down along the
inside of the cheek & scrape
across the back of the throat.
3. use a hooking action to
dislodge the foreign body &
maneuver it out of the mouth
for removal. Care is used to
avoid forcing the object deeper
into the throat.
29. HEAD-TILT-CHIN-LIFT MANEUVER
Place one hand on the
victim’s forehead
Place fingers of other
hand under the bony
part of lower jaw near
chin
Tilt head and lift jaw--
avoid closing victim’s
mouth
30. Head Tilt Chin Lift Maneuver
This maneuver prevents airway
obstruction by the epiglottis.**
32. Effective CPR
done
immediately
after cardiac
arrest can
double a
victim’s chance
of survival.
33. What is C P R ?
• CPR = Cardio-
Pulmonary
Resuscitation
34. The NEW Chain of Survival
• Early access: immediate recognition and activation
•Early CPR
•Early
defi•bErailrllayt ion
•Integrated
post-cardiac
advanced
35. The First Link- Early Access
A well-informed
lay person - key
in the early
access link.
Recognition of
signs of heart
attack and
respiratory
36. EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF
RESPIRATORY FAILURE
unable to speak,
breath or cough
clutches neck
(universal
distress signal)
bluish color of
skin and lips
37. Second Link - Early CPR
Life saving
technique for
cardiac &
respiratory
arrest
Chest
compressions
+/- Rescue
38. Why is early CPR important?
CPR is the best treatment for cardiac
arrest until the arrival of ACLS care.
prevents VF from deteriorating to
asystole
may increase the chance of
defibrillation
It significantly improves survival.
39. How does CPR work?
Brain
(Cerebral)
Heart
(Cardiac)
All the living cells of our
body need a steady
supply of oxygen to
keep us alive.
Lungs
(Pulmonary)
During CPR, you can breathe air into
the victim’s lungs to provide oxygen
into the blood.
When you press on the chest, you move
oxygen - carrying blood through the
body.
40. When will you do CPR?
AS SOON AS POSSIBLE!
Brain cells begin to die after
4-6 minutes without oxygen.
41. Who may learn about CPR?
• CPR is an easy and life saving procedure
and can be learned by anyone.
• One does not need to be a doctor to learn
how to do CPR.
43. CHECK AREA
SAFETY.
Survey the
scene.
See if the scene is safe to do CPR.
Get an idea of what happened.
CHECK UNRESPONSIVENESS.
Tap or gently shake the victim
Rescuer shouts “Are you OK?”
Quick check for normal breathing
If the victim is unconscious,
rescuer calls for help.
CALL FOR HELP:
Ambulance,
Emergency
Rescuer ACTIVATES the
EMERGENCY MEDICAL
SERVICES.
Get AED/Defibrillator!
45. PULSE CHECK
Palpate for
Carotid Pulse
within 10
seconds
(at the same
time CHECK
FOR
46. If with definite pulse
but no breathing
Do Mouth to Mouth
Breathing
Give one
breath every
5-6 secs
(about 12
breaths/min)
47. MOUTH TO MOUTH BREATHING and
PULSE CHECK
• Deemphasized in the new guidelines
• For trained healthcare providers only
• As short and quick as possible
• Pulse check not more than 10 seconds
• If unsure, proceed directly to CHEST
COMPRESSIONS!
48. After determining unconsciousness,
C – A – B
C. COMPRESSION Do chest
compressions first
A. AIRWAY Does the victim have an
open airway (air passage
that allows the victim to
breathe)?
B. BREATHING Is the victim breathing?
49. C –COMPRESSION
(to assist CIRCULATION)
After determining unconsciousness
and calling for help,
proceed immediately to do
CHEST
COMPRESSIONS!
50. Chest Compressions
• Kneel facing
victim’s chest
• Place the heel of
your hand on the
center of the victim's
chest. Put your other
hand on top of the
first with your
fingers interlaced.
51. Place the
heel of one
hand on the
sternum in
the center of
the chest
between the
nipples and
then place
the heel of
the second
hand on top
of the first so
that the
hands are
overlapped
and parallel.
Chest Compressions
52. Give Chest Compressions at
Compress breastbone at least 2 inches deep
Compress at a rate of 100 per minute or more
100 per minute
Compress 30 times initially
Allow the chest to return to its normal position
53. Give 30 Compressions
Compress breastbone at least 2
inches
(30 compressions should take 15-18
sec)
Count aloud “1, 2, 3, 4,
5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,1
8,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,
and ONE!”
Minimize interruptions
Allow recoil after each compression
54. A - AIRWAY Open the Airway:
Use the head tilt/chin
lift method
Place one hand on
the victim’s forehead
Place fingers of other
hand under the bony
part of lower jaw
near chin
Tilt head and lift jaw-
-avoid closing
victim’s mouth
55. Head Tilt Chin Lift Maneuver
This maneuver prevents
airway obstruction by the
56. B - BREATHING Give 2 one-second
breaths
• Maintain airway
• Pinch nose shut
• Open your mouth
wide, take a normal
breath, and make a
tight seal around
outside of victim’s
mouth
• Give 2 full breaths
(1 sec/ breath)
• Observe chest rise &
fall; listen & feel for
escaping air
57.
58. PULSE CHECK
• RECHECK PULSE EVERY 2 MINUTES
(equivalent to 5 cycles CPR)
• Very brief pulse check – should take
less than 10 seconds (at the same time
check for normal breathing)
• In case there is any doubt about the
presence or absence of pulse,
CONTINUE CHEST COMPRESSIONS
• For trained healthcare providers only
61. If the victim is breathing
THE RECOVERY POSITION
Maintain open airway &
The unresponsive victim with spontaneous
position the victim
respirations should be placed in the recovery
position if no cervical trauma is suspected.
Placement in this position consists of rolling the
victim onto his or her side to help protect the
airway.
62. Summary of Key BLS Components for Adults and Children
Maneuvers Adults Children
RECOGNITION UNRESPONSIVE
No breathing,
not breathing normally (eg. only gasping)
No breathing or only gasping
CPR Sequence CAB CAB
Compression Rate At least 100/min
Compression Depth At least 2 inches (5 cm) At least 1/3 AP depth; About 2 inches
Chest wall Recoil Allow complete recoil between compressions
HCPs rotate compressors every 2 minutes
Compression
interruptions
Minimize interruptions in chest compressions
Attempt to limit interruptions to less than 10 seconds
Airway Head tilt chin lift (HCP suspected trauma: jaw thrust)
Compression-Ventilation
ratio
30 : 2 (one or 2 rescuers) 30:2(single rescuer); 15:2(2 rescuer)
Ventilations: when rescuer
untrained or trained and
not proficient
Compressions only Compressions only
Ventilations with
advanced airway (HCP)
1 breath every 6-8 seconds (8-10 breaths/min)
Asynchronous with chest compressions
About 1 second per breath
Visible chest rise
DEFIBRILLATION ( AED ) Attach and use AED as soon as available. Minimize interruptions in chest
compressions before and after shock, resume CPR beginning with compressions
immediately after each shock
63. • NOT TRAINED
• DO NOT KNOW MOUTH TO MOUTH
VENTILATION
• NOT SURE ABOUT MOUTH TO MOUTH
VENTILATION
• HESITANT TO DO MOUTH TO MOUTH
VENTILATION
• DO NOT WANT TO DO MOUTH TO MOUTH
VENTILATION
65. Hands Only CPR should only
be used for adult victims who
have suddenly collapsed or
become unresponsive.
66. Hands Only CPR
Recommendations:
• All victims of cardiac arrest should receive
high-quality chest compressions
• When an adult suddenly collapses, all
bystanders should activate their community
EMS and provide high-quality chest
compressions, minimizing interruptions
(Class I).
67. Hands Only CPR
Recommendations:
• If not trained in CPR, provide hands-only
CPR (Class IIa) until
– AED arrives
– EMS providers take over care of the victim
• If trained in CPR, provide either
conventional CPR using a 30:2
compression-to-ventilation ratio (Class
IIa) or handsonly CPR (Class IIa)
68.
69. Key Changes in the New Guidelines
• CAB instead of ABC
• Compress first
• No more Look Listen and Feel
• Harder! At least 2 inches compression (old: 1 ½ to 2
inches)
• Faster! At least 100/min compression (old: up to
100/min)
• Deemphasize pulse checks
– For trained healthcare providers not more than 10 secs
• Check for normal breathing together with check for
unresponsiveness
• Hands only CPR for the untrained lay rescuer
70. Important Points
• There are no mistakes when you perform CPR.
The only harm is to delay responding.
Start chest compressions now viewed as the most
effective procedure
All victims in cardiac arrest need chest compressions.
• Don't stop pushing.
Keep pushing as long as you can. Push until the AED is in
place and ready to analyze the heart. When it is time to do mouth
to mouth, do it quick and get right back on the chest.
• 80-90% of cardiac emergencies occur at home.
• Training is now simpler and more accessible
Reduced number of steps and simplified process
71. • Being trained to do CPR can save a
loved one.
• Effective CPR done immediately after
cardiac arrest can double a victim’s
chance of survival.
72. LEARN CPR TODAY!
INQUIRE FROM THE PHILIPPINE HEART ASSOCIATION!
www.philheart.org
73. If you want know more about
Sudden Cardiac Arrest and
CardioPulmonary
Resuscitation, contact the
Philippine Heart Association
Council on CPR