The document discusses cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which is a technique used to artificially support breathing and heart function when they have ceased. It involves clearing the airway, providing rescue breathing through mouth-to-mouth or with a bag and mask, and performing external chest compressions to manually pump the heart. The key steps of CPR include assessing for responsiveness, breathing, and pulse; opening the airway; giving breaths; and administering compressions at a rate of 100 per minute with a depth of 1.5-2 inches until emergency services arrive or the person starts breathing on their own.
CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
I. Introduction
A. Definition of CPR
1. Explanation of what CPR stands for
2. Definition of CPR as a life-saving technique
B. Importance of CPR
1. Statistics on cardiac arrest and survival rates
2. Explanation of why CPR is crucial for saving lives
C. Objective of the manual
1. Explanation of what readers will learn from the manual
2. Statement of the manual's purpose
II. Getting Started with CPR
A. Assessing the situation
1. Importance of assessing the situation before starting CPR
2. Factors to consider when assessing the situation
B. Checking for responsiveness
1. Explanation of how to check for responsiveness
2. Importance of checking for responsiveness
C. Activating the emergency response system
1. Explanation of when to activate the emergency response system
2. Step-by-step guide to activating the emergency response system
III. Basic Life Support Techniques
A. Key components of basic life support
1. Explanation of the components of basic life support
2. Importance of each component
B. The ABCs of CPR
1. Explanation of the ABCs of CPR
2. Importance of each step in the ABCs of CPR
C. Performing chest compressions
1. Explanation of how to perform chest compressions
2. Importance of proper chest compression technique
D. Delivering rescue breaths
1. Explanation of how to deliver rescue breaths
2. Importance of proper rescue breath technique
E. Utilizing an automated external defibrillator (AED)
1. Explanation of what an AED is and how it works
2. Step-by-step guide to using an AED
F. Administering medications during CPR
1. Explanation of medications used during CPR
2. Dosages and administration guidelines for each medication
IV. Advanced Life Support Techniques
A. Advanced airway management
1. Explanation of advanced airway management techniques
2. Importance of advanced airway management in CPR
B. Advanced monitoring techniques
1. Explanation of advanced monitoring techniques
2. Importance of advanced monitoring in CPR
C. Invasive interventions
1. Explanation of invasive interventions
2. Importance of invasive interventions in CPR
D. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
1. Explanation of ECMO
2. Importance of ECMO in CPR
V. Improving Outcomes in CPR
A. Factors influencing CPR outcomes
1. Explanation of factors that influence CPR outcomes
2. Importance of understanding these factors
B. Strategies for improving CPR outcomes
1. Explanation of strategies for improving CPR outcomes
2. Importance of implementing these strategies
C. The role of high-quality CPR in improving outcomes
1. Explanation of what high-quality CPR is
2. Importance of performing high-quality CPR
VI. Special Considerations in CPR
A. CPR in special populations
1. Explanation of special populations that require unique CPR techniques
2. Importance of understanding these unique CPR techniques
B. CPR in special settings
1. Explanation of special settings that require unique CPR techniques
2. Importance of understanding these unique CPR techniques
C. CPR during a pandemic
1
CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
I. Introduction
A. Definition of CPR
1. Explanation of what CPR stands for
2. Definition of CPR as a life-saving technique
B. Importance of CPR
1. Statistics on cardiac arrest and survival rates
2. Explanation of why CPR is crucial for saving lives
C. Objective of the manual
1. Explanation of what readers will learn from the manual
2. Statement of the manual's purpose
II. Getting Started with CPR
A. Assessing the situation
1. Importance of assessing the situation before starting CPR
2. Factors to consider when assessing the situation
B. Checking for responsiveness
1. Explanation of how to check for responsiveness
2. Importance of checking for responsiveness
C. Activating the emergency response system
1. Explanation of when to activate the emergency response system
2. Step-by-step guide to activating the emergency response system
III. Basic Life Support Techniques
A. Key components of basic life support
1. Explanation of the components of basic life support
2. Importance of each component
B. The ABCs of CPR
1. Explanation of the ABCs of CPR
2. Importance of each step in the ABCs of CPR
C. Performing chest compressions
1. Explanation of how to perform chest compressions
2. Importance of proper chest compression technique
D. Delivering rescue breaths
1. Explanation of how to deliver rescue breaths
2. Importance of proper rescue breath technique
E. Utilizing an automated external defibrillator (AED)
1. Explanation of what an AED is and how it works
2. Step-by-step guide to using an AED
F. Administering medications during CPR
1. Explanation of medications used during CPR
2. Dosages and administration guidelines for each medication
IV. Advanced Life Support Techniques
A. Advanced airway management
1. Explanation of advanced airway management techniques
2. Importance of advanced airway management in CPR
B. Advanced monitoring techniques
1. Explanation of advanced monitoring techniques
2. Importance of advanced monitoring in CPR
C. Invasive interventions
1. Explanation of invasive interventions
2. Importance of invasive interventions in CPR
D. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
1. Explanation of ECMO
2. Importance of ECMO in CPR
V. Improving Outcomes in CPR
A. Factors influencing CPR outcomes
1. Explanation of factors that influence CPR outcomes
2. Importance of understanding these factors
B. Strategies for improving CPR outcomes
1. Explanation of strategies for improving CPR outcomes
2. Importance of implementing these strategies
C. The role of high-quality CPR in improving outcomes
1. Explanation of what high-quality CPR is
2. Importance of performing high-quality CPR
VI. Special Considerations in CPR
A. CPR in special populations
1. Explanation of special populations that require unique CPR techniques
2. Importance of understanding these unique CPR techniques
B. CPR in special settings
1. Explanation of special settings that require unique CPR techniques
2. Importance of understanding these unique CPR techniques
C. CPR during a pandemic
1
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
THIS SLIDE IS PREPARED BY SURESH KUMAR FOR MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM TO WATCH THIS VIDEO VISIT YOUTUBE CHANNEL- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3tfqlf__moHj8s4W7w6HQQ
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AED is a portable type of external defibrillator that automatically diagnose the ventricular fibrillation in a patient.
Automatic refers to the ability to autonomously analyze the patients condition.AED is provided with self-adhesive electrodes instead of hand held paddles
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
THIS SLIDE IS PREPARED BY SURESH KUMAR FOR MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM TO WATCH THIS VIDEO VISIT YOUTUBE CHANNEL- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3tfqlf__moHj8s4W7w6HQQ
YOU CAN JOIN FACEBOOK GROUP FOR MORE SUCH VIDEOS BY THIS LINK- https://www.facebook.com/groups/241390897133057/
FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG - https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsupportsystem_nursing/
Twitter-https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08
,#CHOCKING,#firstaid#anm,#gnm,#bscnursing,#NURSING
AED is a portable type of external defibrillator that automatically diagnose the ventricular fibrillation in a patient.
Automatic refers to the ability to autonomously analyze the patients condition.AED is provided with self-adhesive electrodes instead of hand held paddles
High Performance-High Density- Pit Crew- Team CPRDavid Hiltz
Quality CPR is a means to improve survival from cardiac arrest. Scientific studies demonstrate when CPR is performed according to guidelines, the chances of successful resuscitation increase substantially. Minimal breaks in compressions, full chest recoil, adequate compression depth, and adequate compression rate are all components of CPR that can increase survival from cardiac arrest. Together, these components combine to create high performance CPR (HP CPR)
This presentation is designed to cover some of the principles of Basic Life Support & First Aid as of January 2012. This includes things such as;
- DRABCD
- Care for Bleeding
- Care for Shock
- First Aid for Sprains & Strains
- Care for dislocations and fractures
- Poisoning
- Burns
- Diabetic Emergencies
It is not comprehensive, but is designed to refresh those who have had any previous experience in Basic Life Support. In saying that being able to apply some of these skills is useful for anyone.
This is the latest version of the presentation.
Basic CPR competency is a foudational skill in both basic and advanced life support training and ample data supports the need to improve ongoing maintenance of competency. Many out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims do not receive CPR before the arrival of professional rescuers. Video-based instruction effectively trains students more quickly than traditional classroom based courses and evidence suggests ongoing refresher training benefits skill retention. Real time feedback devices improve CPR quality in both training and actual resuscitation. Devkunwar Salam "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21417.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/21417/cardiopulmonary-resuscitation/devkunwar-salam
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a procedure to support and maintain breathing and circulation for an infant, child, or adolescent who has stopped breathing (respiratory arrest) and/or whose heart has stopped (cardiac arrest).
CPR is a basic Technique to oxygenating the brain and Hearts until definite medical treatment can restore normal functioning of Heart.
INDICATIONS
Cardiac and Respiratory arrest
Co2 poisoning
Drug poisoning.
Types of CPR
1. BLS ( Basic life support)
2. ACLS ( Advanced cardiac life support)
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BLS AND ACLS
BLS can be used by general public and incorporates cpr with first aid and some time the use of AED.
ACLS IS generally use by medical professional only and permit thems to use medication to treat patients experiencing cardiac arrest
ACLS is basically an extended version of bls with more advanced methods for emergency care .
Causes of Cardiac and Respiratory arrest
Allergic reaction
Choking
Drug reaction or overdose
Exposure to cold
Stroke
Suffocation
Drowning
Electric shock
Smoke inhalation
Coma
Purpose of CPR
- To restore and maintain breathing and circulation and to provide oxygen and blood flow to the heart , brain and other vital organs.
- TO Prevent irreversible brain damage from anoxia
- To maintain an open and clear airways
-
-
Assessment
1) Apnea
2) Pulse
3) Unconsciousness
4) Cyanosis
5) Dilated pupil.
Sequence
1) Circulation
2) Airway
3) Breathing
Procedure
• Scene safety
• Recognition of cardiac arrest: check for responsiveness
No breathing or only gasping
Check for circulation : No definite pulse felt within 10 sec In carotid artery
• Activation of emergency response system
• Start compression:
1. The victim is on the horizontal supine position on a flat and hard surface
2. The rescuer should be position closed to the side of the victim ‘s chest
3. Location: four fingers above xiphoids process
4. Arms should be staright
5. Rescuer shoulders position directly over hands
6. Begin compression
7. Compression depth : at least 2inches ( 5cm)
8. Do not allows the fingers to touch the chest wall
9. Allow chest to rebound to normal position after each compression
10. Compression rate:100-120/Min
11. Check for sign of circulation every 3-5 Min
12. Compression ventilation ratio: is 30:2 irrespective of number of rescuer.
13. Exhalation occur between two breaths and during the first chest compression of the next cycle.
14. Perform four complete cycle and reassess for sign of breathing and circulation.
15. When Possible , Change CPR operator every 2min.
• Airway
Open the airway for breathing
1. HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT MANEUVER ( CERVICAL SPINE INJURY IS NOT A CONCERN)
2. JAW THRUST MANEUVER(CERVICAL SPINE INJURY IS SUSPECTED)
3. FINGER SWEEP MANEUVER
BREATHING
Mouth to mouth
mouth to mask
Ambu bag
Mouth to Neck Stoma
CPR Consist of six parts
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Drugs /defibrillation
Endocardial intubation
Fluids.
Drugs used in CPR
Epinephrine (Administered every three to five minutes early in CPR for asystole ,ventricular fibrillation)
Vasopressin (As an alternative to epinephrine every three to five minutes for asystole. bradycardia)
Atropine used for (Asystole) (Pulseless electrical activity)
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
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Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
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India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
2. DEFINITION:
Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
is a technique of basic life support for the
purpose of oxygenation to the heart, lungs and
brain until and unless the appropriate medical
treatment can come and restore the normal
cardiopulmonary function.
Cardio pulmonary resuscitation is a
series of steps used to establish artificial
ventilation and circulation in the patient who is
not breathing and has no pulse.
3. DEFINITION
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the
process of artificially supporting a
patient’s breathing and heart beat when
respirations and pulse have ceased.
CPR is the process of externally
supporting the circulation and respiration
of a person of who has a cardiac arrest.
4. CPR- INDICATIONS
Cardiopulmonary arrest
Pulseless VT
VF
Asystole
Electro Mechanical Dissociation
Unresponsive person with no breathing
5. OBJECTIVES
Delay tissue death
Extend the brief window of opportunity
for a successful resuscitation without
permanent brain damage.
Induce a heart rhythm which may be
shockable.
CPR is generally continued until the
subject regain return of spontaneous
circulation (ROSC) or is declared dead.
6. Historical review:
5000- First artificial mouth to mouth respiration.
3000 BC- Ventilation.
1780-First attempt of newborn resuscitation by blowing.
874- First experimental cardiac massage.
1901- First successful direct cardiac massage in man.
1946- First experimental indirect cardiac massage and
defibrillation.
1960- Indirect cardiac massage.
1980- Development of cardio pulmonary resuscitation due to
works of peter safar.
7. PRINCIPLES
1. Define the team leader
2. Establish effective artificial circulation
3. Effective oxygenation and ventilation
4. Establish a route for medication
administration
5. Create an effective cardiac rhythm
6. Evacuate the patient to the ICU as soon
as practical
7. Re-evaluate and stabilize
8. Preserve the brain
9. 1) EARLY RECOGNITION
Assessment is of crucial importance. It
includes :
1) Unresponsiveness
Check the victim for a response.
Shake shoulders gently
Ask “Are you all right?’’
9
10. 2) No breathing or no normal breathing (i.e,
only gasping)
10
13. PHASES OF THE CARDIO PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION:
Phases Steps
Phase-1 Basic life support C= circulation
A= Airway
B= Breathing
Phase-2 Advance cardiac life
support
D= Drugs
E= ECG
F= fibrillation
Phase-3 Prolonged life
support
Post resuscitation care
13
14. BLS
(Basic Life Support)
BLS is used for patients with life
threatening illnesses or injury until the
person can be given full medical care at
hospital.BLS is provided in a pre
hospital set up and can be provided
without medical group
15. ○BLS is defined as a life saving
procedure which involves the
external support of circulation
and ventilation for patient with
cardiac or respiratory arrest
18. MAIN STAGES OF
RESUSCITATION:
A (Airway)- ensure open airway by prevention the
falling back of tongue, tracheal intubation if possible.
B (Breathing) – start artificial ventilation of lung.
C (Circulation) – restore the circulation by external
cardiac massage.
D (Differentiation, drug, defibrillation) – quickly
perform differential diagnosis of cardiac arrest; use
different medication and electric defibrillation in case
of ventricular fibrillation.
19. ASSESSMENT
Determine that the client is unconscious.
Shake the client and shout at him or her
to confirm if unconscious rather than
being asleep, intoxication or hearing
impairment.
Assess for the presence of respirations.
Assess carotid artery for pulse.
20. EQUIPMENTS
A hard flat surface.
No additional equipment is necessary but in hospital setting, an
emergency (crash) cart with defibrillator and cardiac monitor
should be brought to the bedside. A crash cart contains:
Airway equipment.
Suction equipment.
Intravenous equipment.
Laboratory tubes and syringes.
Pre packed medication for advanced life support.
22. PHASES OF THE CARDIO
PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION:
Phases Steps
Phase-1 Basic life support A= Airway
B= Breathing
C= circulation
Phase-2 Advance cardiac life
support
D= Drugs
E= ECG
F= fibrillation
Phase-3 Prolonged life
support
G= Gauging
H= Human Mentation
I= Intensive care
23. TYPICALLY THE SEQUENCE OF BLS
CONSISTS OF ASSESSMENT AND THE
ABCS OF CPR.
Assessment
It is of crucial importance. It
includes
Assess responsiveness
by calling the person;
shouting and shaking.
Assess breathing by
look, listen and feel: Look
for chest movements,
listen for breath sounds
and feel for the
movements of the air flow.
25. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
Airway management
Open and clear the airway: This is
achieved by head tilt and chin lift
maneuver or if there is suspicion/
evidence of head or neck trauma, the
jaw thrust maneuver is used.
26. HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT
MANEUVER:
Place one hand on
the victim’s hairline
and place the other
hand’s index finger
and the middle
finger on the chin
and apply firm
backward pressure.
27. JAW THRUST MANEUVER: -
It is accomplished
by placing one hand
on each side of the
victim’s head,
grasping the angles
of the victim’s lower
jaw, lifting with both
hands.
28. FINGER-SWEEP MANEUVER:
-
With the victim’s head up, opens the
victim’s mouth by grasping both tongue
and the lower jaw between the thumb
and fingers and lifting (tongue-jaw lift).
This action draws the tongue from the
back of the throat and away from the
foreign body. The obstruction may be
partially relieved by this maneuver.
29. If the tongue-jaw lift fails to open the mouth
then crossed finger technique may be used.
This is accomplished by opening the mouth by
crossing the index finger and the thumb and
pushing the teeth apart. The index finger of the
available hand is inserted along the inside of
the cheek and deeply into the throat to the
base of the tongue.
A hooking motion is used to dislodge the
foreign body and maneuver it into the mouth
for removal.
30. If the tongue-jaw lift fails to
open the mouth the crossed
finger technique may be used.
This is accomplished by
opening the mouth by crossing
the index finger and the thumb
and pushing the teeth apart.
The index finger of the
available hand is inserted
along the inside of the cheek
and deeply into the throat to
the base of the tongue.
A hooking motion is used to
dislodge the foreign body and
maneuver it into the mouth for
removal.
31. BREATHING: -
After the airway
management if the victim is
still not breathing, then
maintaining head tilt, chin lift
positions pinch the nostrils
and place the mouth around
the victim’s mouth to make a
tight seal, take two deep
breaths and deliver two
positive pressure
ventilations; each at least of
two seconds duration. When
performing mouth-to-mouth
ventilation always assess for
chest wall movement.
32. BAG AND MASK
VENTILATION
Use a resuscitator bag
and mask.
Apply the mask to the
victim’s mouth and
create a seal by
pressing the left thumb
on the bridge of the
nose and the index
finger on the chin.
Use rest of the fingers
of the left hand to pull
on the chin and the
angle of the mandible to
maintain the head in
extension.
33. Use the right hand to inflate the lungs by
squeezing the bag to its full volume.
Observe the chest wall for symmetric expansion.
The volume of air of each ventilation should be
approximately 700-1000ml, which can be
determined by noting a rise of 1-2 inches in the
victim’s chest.
Smaller volume (400-600ml) should be attempted
during bag and mask ventilation.
34. CIRCULATION:
The carotid artery is used to
determine the absence of
pulse.
While maintaining the head tilt
position with one hand on the
forehead, locate the victim’s trachea
with two or three fingers of the other
hand, then slides these fingers into
the groove between the trachea and
the muscles of the neck where the
carotid pulse can be felt.
The technique is more easily
performed on the side nearest the
rescuer.
If on assessment, there are no signs
of circulation start external cardiac
compressions.
Position hands, arms and shoulders
35. External cardiac compressions
technique consists of serial
rhythmic application of pressure
on the lower half of the sternum.
The victim is on the horizontal
supine position on a flat and hard
surface.
The rescuer should be positioned
closed to the side of the victim’s
chest.
Locate landmark notch hands in
the center of the chest, right
between the nipples and four
fingers above the xiphoid process.
36. Elbows should be locked and
arms are straight.
Rescuer’s shoulders position
directly over hands.
Begin compression.
Pressure should come from
the shoulders.
Compression should depress
victim’s sternum
approximately 1.5- 2 inches.
Don’t allow the fingers to
touch the chest wall.
Allow chest to rebound to
normal position after each
compression.
37. Perform compression at the rate of 100/min.
Maintain correct position at all times.
Check for signs of circulation every 3-5 min.
Compression: ventilation ratio is 30:2
irrespective of number of rescuer.
Exhalation occurs between the two breaths and
during the first chest compression of the next
cycle.
Perform four complete cycles and then reassess
for signs of breathing and circulation.
38. Five keys aspects to great
CPR
Rate
Depth
Release
Ventilation
Uninterrupted
39. DEFINETION
It is asynchronous cardio-version
that is used in emergency situation.
Defibrillation completely depolarizes the
all myocardial cells at once, allowing the
sinus node to recapture its role as the
pacemaker.
40. IMPORTANCE OF EARLY
DEFIBRILLATIONS
Most frequent arrest
frequent arrest rhythm
VF/VT
Treatment is defibrillation.
Successful conversion
diminished over time.
VF tends to deteriorate to A
systole.
44. DEFIBRILLATION: GENERAL
CONCEPT
Immediate defibrillation if
witnessed arrest and
automated external
defibrillation available
compressions before
defibrillation if unwitnessed or
arrival at the scene >4-5
minutes. One shock followed
by immediate CPR ( beginning
with chest compression)
45. KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER
WHILE DEFIBRILLATING
Use a conducting agent
between the skins the paddles
such as saline pads or electrode
paste. This decreases the
electrical impedance and helps to
prevent burns.
The paddles are placed on the
chest wall one the sternal paddle
is placed to the right of the
sternum, 2’nd intercostals space
just below the clavicle. The apex
paddle is placed on the left 6’Th
intercostals space mid axillary line.
Switch on the defibrillator.
46. Move the knob of the defibrillator
to the required amount of joules.
Shock at 200,300,360 joules.
Exert 20-25 pounds of pressure
on each paddle to ensure good
skin contact.
Press the charge button.
Call “stand clear” to ensure that
personal are not touching the
patient or the bed at the time of
discharge.
The defibrillator is then
discharged by depressing the
buttons on the both paddles
simultaneously.
47. GAUGING:
Identify the cause of cardiac arrest by:
Cardiac monitoring.
Lab examination of the blood.
HUMAN MENTATION:
Start CPR within 4 min as brain can only
survive for four min without oxygen.
Do not interrupt the CPR more than 7min.
Reassess for breathing and circulation every
2-3min.
48. ECG
ECG is the graphical representation
of the electrical activity of the cardiac
muscles. During CPR the victim’s ECG
should be continuously monitored for
monitored for monitoring evaluating and
recording.
49. INTENSIVE CARE
If the victim’s condition is stable, send the
victim to the ICU for close and continuous monitoring.
DRUGS THAT CAN BE USED DURING CPR
INJ EPINEPHRIN
INJ ATROPINE
INJ LIDNOCAINE
INJ MAGNESIUM SULPHATE
INJ DOPAMINE
INJ DOBUTAMINE
INJ SODA BI CARB
INJ CALCIUM GLUCONATE
50. TERMINATION OF BASIC
LIFE SUPPORT:
CPR is stopped as a result of a number
of circumstances; these are typically restoration of
spontaneous respiration and circulation, complete
rescuer exhaustion, or medical decision. Signs of
restored ventilation and circulation include:
Struggling movements
Improved color
Return of or strong pulse
Return of systemic blood pressure
51. NURSING TEAM LEADER
(USUALLY SENIOR WARD
NURSE)
Identifies self as Nursing Team Leader, responsible for co-
coordinating and directing emergent nursing care of the patient.
Checks appropriate emergency call has been placed
Starts timer as soon as the Emergency trolley arrives.
Delegates available staff to roles appropriate to their level of
practice: Airway, Compression, Monitor & Medications and
Runner to collect or remove extra equipment, supplies, labs etc.
Establishes the patient’s weight and delegates someone to print
out an Emergency Drug Worksheet (Icon on desktop of clinical
computers).
52. Cont …….
Ensures that the patient is placed on CPR back board.
Reassigns nursing staff once the PICU nurse and additional staff arrive
as required.
Ensure someone is assigned to support family members.
Documents initial and ongoing vital signs and cardiac rhythm,
medication administration, procedures and patient’s response to
interventions on the ACH/Starship Resuscitation record (CR8545).
Monitors the time interval between adrenaline administration and
prompts the Team Leader when 4 minutes has passed since last dose
administered.
Completes, including a brief summation of presenting events and signs
the ACH/Starship Resuscitation record (CR8545).
Ensures the outside copy of the CR8545 form is placed on the Charge
Nurse desk and the inside copy is placed in the clinical record.
53. AIRWAY NURSE
(USUALLY THE PATIENTS NURSE OR THE
NURSE WHO FINDS THE PATIENT)
Summons help and initiates CPR as required until
initial assistance arrives and then assumes
responsibility for airway management.
Maintains airway patency with use of airway
adjuncts as required (suction, high flow oxygen,
via Hudson mask, blob mask with O2 or bag valve
mask ventilation).
54. Cont……..
This role becomes the responsibility of the
PICU nurse on their arrival.
Assist with intubation and securing of ETT
Inserts gastric tube and/or facilitates gastric
decompression post intubation as required.
Assists with ongoing management of
airway patency and adequate ventilation
Supports less experienced staff by
coaching/guidance e.g. drug preparation
55. COMPRESSION NURSE
If CPR in progress, assume responsibility for
cardiac compressions (this includes ensuring that
staff doing compressions are changed at regular
intervals (e.g. every 2 minutes) to avoid fatigue
resulting in inadequate compressions being
delivered)
Assess pulses (including pulse volume) and
capillary refill as required
56. SPECIAL CONSIDERATION:
Although aids isn’t known to be
transmitted in saliva, some health care
professionals may hesitate to give
rescue breath, especially if the victim
has AIDS. For these reason, it is
recommended that all health care
professional should how to use
disposable air way equipments.
57. CONCLUSION:
CPR is the responsibility of a team of
personnel and not one person in
isolation. For cardiac arrest we strive to
prevent when possible, treat effectively
when challenged and support humanely
when death is imminent.