Lecture chapter 2
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This document discusses balanced, underreinforced, and overreinforced designs of reinforced concrete beams. It defines balanced design as when the concrete and steel reach their maximum strains simultaneously under the ultimate load. Underreinforced design has less steel than required for balance, causing the steel to yield before the concrete fails. Overreinforced design has more steel than required for balance, meaning the concrete will fail before the steel yields. The document also provides equations to calculate the balanced steel ratio and minimum steel reinforcement requirements.
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dati giustizia europa
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Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1) Check if a < t condition is satisfied. Here a = c = d - As/bw*fy/0.85fc = 300 - As/200*414/0.85*20.7
2) Use the formula for balanced steel ratio: ρb = 0.85*fc/(d-a/2)*bw/fy
3) Solve for As = ρb*bw*d
4) Check strain compatibility
5) Report required As
The required steel area is As = 145 cm^2
Deep beams
This document discusses the design of reinforced concrete deep beams. It defines deep beams as having a span/depth ratio less than 2 or a continuous beam ratio less than 2.5. Deep beams behave differently than elementary beam theory due to non-linear stress distributions. Their behavior depends on loading type and cracking typically occurs between one-third to one-half of the ultimate load. Design considerations include checking for minimum thickness, flexural design, shear design, and anchorage of tension reinforcement.
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Reinforcedslab 100917010457-phpapp02
This document discusses the design of reinforced concrete slabs. It begins by introducing different types of slabs used in construction like solid slabs, flat slabs, ribbed slabs, and waffle slabs. It then covers simplified analysis methods for slabs spanning in one or two directions using load and moment coefficients. The document also addresses shear design in slabs, discussing shear stresses and the need for shear reinforcement. It concludes by discussing punching shear analysis around concentrated loads and the importance of limiting span-depth ratios to control deflections in slabs.
Composite Design.pdf
This document discusses composite construction, specifically composite steel and concrete beams. It provides definitions and examples of composite construction, explaining that it aims to make each material perform the function it is best suited for. It then describes the differences between non-composite and composite beam behavior. The document goes on to discuss elements of composite construction like decking and shear studs. It also summarizes the design process for composite beams, covering moment capacity, shear capacity, shear connector capacity, and longitudinal shear capacity calculations.
37467305 torsion-design-of-beam
This document discusses the design of beams for torsion. It defines important terminology related to torsional design. It explains how torsion occurs in structures like bridges and buildings. It discusses threshold torsion and moment redistribution. It also covers torsional stresses, the torsional moment strength, and the torsional reinforcement required to resist torsional forces.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Buckling Restrained Brace Under Cyclic Loadng
This document discusses the experimental analysis of buckling restrained braces (BRBs) under cyclic loading. BRBs are a type of bracing system used in structures to resist lateral forces like earthquakes. They have advantages over conventional bracing systems in providing a more stable hysteretic response. The study involved fabricating BRB models and testing them under static ultimate and cyclic loading. One model was tested to determine ultimate strength, while another was used to study behavioral characteristics under loading and unloading cycles. The results showed that BRBs can undergo considerable yielding in both tension and compression and dissipate more energy than conventional braces.
Bi044369376
Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
module3-Design-of-Tension-Members.pdf
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Steel column base44
This document discusses the design of column base plates and steel anchorage to concrete. It provides an introduction to base plates and anchor rods, including materials and design considerations. It then covers the design of base plates for different load cases such as axial load, axial load plus moment, and axial load plus shear. Finally, it discusses the design of anchor rods for tension and shear loading based on the requirements in the ACI 318 code. The design procedures aim to ensure adequate load transfer from the steel column to the concrete foundation.
05 compression members (1)
This document discusses the design of compression members in steel structures. It begins by defining compression members as members subjected to compressive stresses, such as columns, struts, and compression flanges. It notes that compression members are more prone to buckling than tension members. The document then discusses factors that influence the buckling strength of compression members, such as the member's length, cross-sectional properties, end conditions, and bracing. It also discusses eccentric loading of columns and the various sections that can be used or built up for compression members.
Ascest2006 chen geusami
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COMPOSITE BEAMS.pdf
OUTLINE:
Introduction
Shoring Process
Effective Beam Flange Width
Shear Transfer
Strength Of Steel Anchors
Partially Composite Beams
Moment Capacity Of Composite Sections
Deflection
Design Of Composite Sections
Design of reinforced concrete beam
This document provides an overview of design in reinforced concrete according to BS 8110. It discusses the basic materials used - concrete and steel reinforcement - and their properties. It describes two limit states for design: ultimate limit state considering failure, and serviceability limit state considering deflection and cracking. Key aspects of beam design are summarized, including types of beams, design for bending and shear resistance, and limiting deflection. Reinforcement detailing rules are also briefly covered. Design examples are provided to illustrate bending and shear design of beams.
Cj34516519
1. The document presents research on predicting the ultimate shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams of varying web reinforcement.
2. A new effectiveness coefficient (g) is introduced to understand the contribution of steel reinforcement during failure of deep beams under concentrated loads.
3. Based on a database of experimental beam tests, the proposed model is found to predict shear strength with good correlation, especially for beams with shear strengths over 500 kips.
Design of steel structural elements
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Experimental study on strength and flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete ...
Abstract: Strength and flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams using deflected structural steel
reinforcement and the conventional steel reinforcement are conducted in this study. The reinforcement quantity
of both categories was approximately equalised. Mild steel flats with minimum thickness and corresponding
width are deflected to possible extent in a parabolic shape and semi-circular shape are fabricated and used as
deflected structural steel reinforcement in one part, whereas the fabrication of ribbed tar steel circular bars as
conventional reinforcement on the another part of the experiment for comparison in the concrete beams. All the
beams had same dimensions and same proportions of designed mix concrete, were tested under two point
loading system. As the result of experiments, it is found that the inverted catenary flats and their ties, transfers
the load through arch action of steel from loading points towards the supports before reaching the bottom
fibre at the centre of the beam as intended earlier. Thereby the load carrying capacity and the ductility ratio
has being increased in deflected structural steel reinforced beams when compared with ribbed tar steel
reinforced concrete beams, it is also observed that the failure mode (collapse pattern)is safer.
Keywords --Arch profile, Conventional steel reinforcement, Cracks, Collapse, Deflected structural steel,
Ductility ratio.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
This document summarizes a study on the flexural behavior of beams made of hollow concrete blocks with reinforcement. Four reinforced concrete masonry beams were constructed and tested. The results showed that the moment capacity of the beams increased with higher percentages of tensile reinforcement. Cracks initially formed in the middle of the beams where bending moments were highest. Cracks propagated through the mortar joints which are the weakest points. The failure loads from testing matched closely with values calculated from ultimate limit state theory. In conclusion, reinforced hollow concrete block masonry can effectively resist bending forces when properly designed.
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Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Lecture chapter 2
- 1. By: Edgar B. Manubag, CE, PhD
- 10. Substituting ρ:
- 11. From:
- 16. Balanced design refers to a design so proportioned that the maximum stresses in concrete (with strain of 0.003) and steel (with strain of fy/Es) are 'reached simultaneously once the ultimate load is reached, causing them to fail simultaneously.
- 17. Underreinforced design is a design in which the steel reinforcement is lesser than what is requited for balanced condition. If the ultimate load is approached, the steel will begin to yield although the compression concrete is still understressed. If the load is further increased, the steel will continue to elongate, resulting in appreciable deflections and large visible cracks in the tensile concrete. Failure under this condition is ductile and will give warning to the user of the structure to decrease the load.
- 18. Overreinforced design is a design in which the steel reinforcement is more than what is required for balanced condition. If the beam is overreinforced, the steel will not yield before fai}ure. As the load is increased, deflections are not noticeable although the compression concrete is highly stressed, and failure occurs suddenly without warning to the user of the structure.
- 19. BALANCED STEEL RATIO (ρb) In balanced. condition, the concrete and steel yield simultaneously. In this condition, the strain in concrete reached its maximum usable value of 0.003 and the strain in steel is fy/ Es, where Es = 200,000 MPa.
- 20. BALANCED STEEL RATIO (ρb) By ratio and proportion iri the triangle shown in Figure 2.2:
- 21. BALANCED STEEL RATIO (ρb)
- 23. FACTOR β1 MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS
- 24. For statically determinate T-section with flange in tension, the area As min , shall be equal to or greater than the smaller value given either by: or Eq. 2 - 16 with bw set equal to the width of the flange .
- 31. According to Section 5.9.5 of NSCP, minimum thickness stipulated in Table2.1 shall apply for one-way construction not supporting O( attached to partitions or other . construction likely to be damaged by large deflections, unless computation of deflection indicates a lesser thickness can be used without adverse effects.
- 34. Section 5.8.3.3 of NSCP states that in lieu of frame analysis, the following approximate moment and shears are permitted for design of continuous beams and one-way slabs (slabs reinforced to resist flexural stresses in only one direction), provided: (a) There are two or more spans, (b) Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent spans not greater.than the shorter by more than 20 percent, (c) Loads are uniformly distributed, (d) Unit live does not exceed three times unit dead load, and (e) Members are prismatic.