Lecture 4.pdf
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This document provides an introduction to airport engineering concepts related to the apron and terminal area. It discusses: 1. The apron is the area where aircraft park and includes parking, maintenance, and service areas with taxi lanes. Aircraft stands are portions of the apron intended for parking during boarding and unloading. 2. Factors that affect apron size include the size of aircraft stands, number of gate positions, and aircraft parking systems like frontal, open apron, finger, and satellite systems. 3. The terminal area serves as the focal point of airport activities and includes terminals, vehicle parking, hangars, cargo facilities, and amenities for passengers. The terminal building provides direct access between the ap
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The document discusses runway and taxiway design standards. It covers topics like basic runway length determination, corrections for elevation, temperature, and gradients. It provides geometric design standards for runway length, width, safety areas, gradients, and sight distances. For taxiways, it discusses design considerations like length, width, safety areas, gradients, sight distances, and turning radii. It also covers visual aids like airport markings and lighting for runways, taxiways, and other areas to assist pilots.
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The document discusses the planning requirements for airports, including runway length. It notes that runway length requirements vary depending on aircraft size, with larger aircraft and international flights typically requiring longer runways of 10,000 feet or more. The document also discusses other airport planning considerations like terminal area size and configuration, and factors involved in airline route planning.
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This document provides information on airport engineering and airport layout. It discusses how airport engineers design and construct terminals, runways, and navigation aids. Key components of an airport layout include runways for takeoffs and landings, terminal buildings, aircraft parking aprons, taxiways to move aircraft to/from runways, aircraft stands for parking, hangars for aircraft maintenance, and a control tower for air traffic control. Factors like aircraft characteristics, wind patterns, and future demand must be considered in airport planning and design.
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The document discusses runway and taxiway design standards. It covers topics like basic runway length determination, corrections for elevation, temperature, and gradients. It provides geometric design standards for runway length, width, safety areas, gradients, and sight distances. For taxiways, it discusses design considerations like length, width, safety areas, gradients, sight distances, and turning radii. It also covers visual aids like airport markings and lighting for runways, taxiways, and other areas to assist pilots.
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This document provides information on airport engineering and airport layout. It discusses how airport engineers design and construct terminals, runways, and navigation aids. Key components of an airport layout include runways for takeoffs and landings, terminal buildings, aircraft parking aprons, taxiways to move aircraft to/from runways, aircraft stands for parking, hangars for aircraft maintenance, and a control tower for air traffic control. Factors like aircraft characteristics, wind patterns, and future demand must be considered in airport planning and design.
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1. The document discusses airport layout and design considerations such as runway orientation based on prevailing wind direction, wind rose diagrams, runway length calculations, taxiway design standards, and exit taxiway design.
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Visual aids like markings and lighting help pilots navigate airports safely during day and night. Markings include colored stripes and patterns on runways, taxiways, and aprons to indicate centerlines, edges, directions, and restricted areas. Runway markings identify numbers, thresholds, and touch down zones. Taxiway markings guide planes to and from runways. Airport lighting uses colored lights to replicate markings for nighttime visibility. Together, these visual aids allow pilots to orient themselves and follow correct paths for takeoff and landing in all weather conditions.
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The document discusses various aspects of runway design including:
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2. Factors considered for runway length such as elevation, temperature, and gradient that require corrections to the basic runway length.
3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the corrected runway length based on elevation, temperature, and gradient at the airport site.
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The document discusses key characteristics of aircraft that are important for airport planning and design, including:
1) Type of propulsion, size, minimum turning/circling radii, speed, capacity, weight, wheel configuration, jet blast, fuel spillage, and noise, which all impact runway length, taxiway design, and more.
2) Common aircraft components like engines (piston, turbojet, turboprop, rocket), propellers, fuselage, wings, and controls (elevator, rudder, aileron, flaps).
3) Factors that determine an airport's layout and capacity such as aircraft sizes, speeds, weights, noise levels, and volumes of air traffic.
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This document discusses the key elements of an airport, including runways, stopways, clearways, approach zones, land use, taxiways, aprons, terminal areas, and hangars. It provides details on each element, such as defining runways as cement landing strips for takeoffs and landings, stopways as paved areas at the end of runways for aborted takeoffs, and clearways as areas beyond runways for dealing with engine failures. It also discusses approach zone obstructions, appropriate land uses around airports and heliports, the purpose of taxiways and aprons, what makes up a terminal area, and the uses and sizes of hangars.
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This document discusses factors to consider in airport site selection. Key factors include:
- Air traffic potential and adequate access to the site
- Sufficient land for facilities, expansion, and utilities
- Favorable atmospheric, meteorological, and soil conditions
- Availability of land and utilities for future expansion
- Consideration of surrounding development, obstructions, and other airports
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These ppt cover the maximum part of designing of new airport .
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The document discusses 12 key factors that should be considered when selecting a site for a new airport: 1) Atmospheric and meteorological conditions, 2) Availability of land for expansion, 3) Availability of utilities, 4) Development of the surrounding area, 5) Economy of construction, 6) Ground accessibility, 7) Presence of other airports, 8) Regional plan, 9) Soil characteristics, 10) Surrounding obstructions, 11) Topography, and 12) Use of airport. Careful consideration of these factors will help guide the determination of the proper location and size of a new airport.
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The document discusses the key components and characteristics of an efficient and safe airport layout. It outlines characteristics like accessibility, efficiency, safety, flexibility, and being environmentally friendly. The major components discussed are runways, taxiways, terminal buildings, air traffic control towers, aircraft parking aprons, gates, instrument landing systems, radar systems, and ground transportation infrastructure like roads and parking. The conclusion emphasizes that a good airport layout balances all these factors to facilitate smooth air travel.
Components of Airfield
The document discusses the various component parts of an airfield, including runways, taxiways, aprons, terminal buildings, control towers, hangers, and parking areas. Runways are paved strips used for aircraft landings and takeoffs, while taxiways connect runways to aprons, terminals, hangers, and other areas. Aprons provide parking for aircraft and areas for loading/unloading. Terminal buildings house administration facilities and allow passengers to board and exit aircraft. Control towers monitor and direct air traffic. Hangars provide space for aircraft maintenance and repair. Parking areas are for vehicles outside of terminals and sometimes underground. Proper planning and design of these airfield components is important for efficient airport function.
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Lecture 4.pdf
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO AIRPORT ENGINEERING By Dr. Mithun Mohan 1
- 2. 3. APRON • Aircraft aprons are the areas where the aircraft park. • They vary in size, from areas that may hold five or ten small planes, to the very large areas that the major airports have. • Apron includes parking, maintenance and service areas, including taxi lanes • Unlike the runways or taxiways, vehicles can use aprons 2
- 3. 4. AIRCRAFT STAND • Portion of the apron intended for parking aircraft to enplane/deplane passengers, load or unload cargo. 3
- 4. APRON Factors affecting size of apron • Size of aircraft stand (gate position) • Number of gate position • Aircraft parking system 4
- 5. APRON 1. Size of loading area (gate position) • Size of aircraft and its turning radius • Aircraft parking configuration • Nose-in • Angle Nose-in • Nose-out • Angle nose-out • Parallel 5
- 6. APRON Characteristics of Nose-in and Angle Nose-in parking • Less noise while taxing in because of non requirement of turning • Hot blast is not directed towards terminal building 6
- 7. APRON Characteristics of Nose-out and Angle Nose-out parking • Less power is require while maneuvering out • The hot blast is directed towards terminal building 7
- 8. APRON Characteristics of Parallel parking • Both front and rear doors are near to the terminal • Require more space • Hot blast directed towards adjacent gate position 8
- 9. APRON 2. Number of gate position • Peak hourly aircraft movements: if its high more gates are required • Ramp time: Time for which each aircraft will remain at a ramp • Higher for big aircrafts when compared with small aircrafts 9
- 10. APRON 3. Aircraft parking system • Frontal system • Open apron system • Finger system • Satellite system 10
- 11. APRON a. Frontal System • Simple and economical • But only limited to airports with few gate position 11
- 12. APRON b. Open Apron System • Parked in rows • Passengers may have to walk long if rows are more • Passengers exposed to weather noise and hot blast • Closed vehicle conveyance essential 12
- 13. APRON c. Finger system • Extensions are provided from terminal called pier finger • It can be straight, T-shaped or Y-shaped • If enclosed it protects passengers from noise, fumes etc. • Future expansion is easier • Aircrafts remain close to the terminal building 13
- 14. APRON d. Satellite System • Aircrafts are parked near satellite buildings • Large construction cots • Less turning is required for aircrafts 14
- 15. 5. CONTROL TOWER • A tower at an airfield from which air traffic is controlled by radio and observed physically and by radar. 15
- 16. 6. TERMINAL AREA • It is portion of an airport other than landing area. • It serves as a focal point for the activities on the airport. • Terminal area includes • Terminal and operational buildings • Vehicle parking area • Aircraft service hangars • Facilities for cargo handling and storage • Facilities for passengers 16
- 17. TERMINAL BUILDING • Terminal building usually refers to a building mainly, used for passengers, airline and administration facilities. • Its layout is such as to offer the enplaning passengers, the convenient and direct access from the vehicle platform or street side of the building, through booking and waiting rooms, to the aircraft loading positions on the apron. • Deplaning passengers are also provided with a direct route from the aircraft to the baggage claim counter and then to the vehicle platform. • Terminal building houses various facilities like booking section, baggage claim, telephone booths, waiting hall, restaurants etc. 17
- 19. FACTORS AFFECTING SITE SELECTION FOR TERMINAL BUILDING • Possible for future expansion • Sufficient area for roadways • Adequate area for car parking • Functional relationship between facilities • Access to highway • Central location with respect to runway • Favourable topography • Good soil characteristics - drainage 19
- 20. PARKING • Parking is a specific area of airport at which vehicles park 20