This document discusses the key components and planning of airports. It describes the different types of airports including military, civilian, domestic and international airports. It explains the basic components that all airports require including runways, control towers, terminals, hangars and aprons. It also covers important planning considerations for airports such as site selection, master planning processes, lighting and organizations involved.

1. AIR PORTS
BY
RAMKUMAR K R
GANESH ARKALGUD

2. INTRODUCTION
Location where airplanes take off and land

4. TYPES OF AIRPORTS
• Military (Example : Yelahanka air base)
• Civilian
Domestic
International
• Civil Military Co-ordination

5. DIFFERENCES
DOMESTIC AIRPORTS
DOMESTIC AIRPORTS •INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS
International travel
Domestic travel
Runway is about 3300ft. long
Presence of Duty free shops
International travel
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6. BASIC COMPONENTS
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Runway
Control towers
Helipads
Hangars
Terminal buildings

7. RUNWAYS
• Runway Orientation
• Runway safety area
• Blast pads
• Pavements
• Made of Asphalt and/or Concrete

8. RUNWAY MARKINGS
◆ There are runway markings and signs on most large
runways. Larger runways have a distance remaining sign
(black box with white numbers). This sign uses a single
number to indicate the thousands of feet remaining, so 7 will
indicate 7,000 ft (2,134 m) remaining. The runway threshold
is marked by a line of green lights.

9. BASIC RUNWAY LENGTH
It is the length of the runway under following assumed
conditions of the airport
1. Airport altitude is at sea level
2. Temperature at airport is standard(15°C)
3. Runway is levelled in longitudinal direction
4. No wind is blowing on runway
5. Aircraft is loaded to it’s full loading capacity
6. There is no wind blowing Enroute to the destination
7. Enroute temperature is standard

10. BASIC RUNWAY LENGTH
◆ Normal landing case
◆ Normal takeoff case
◆ Engine failure case
For jet engine aircrafts, all 3 cases are considered.
For piston engine Aircrafts only 1stand 3rdcases are
considered.

11. CORRECTIONS FOR ELEVATION
◆ As elevation increases, air density reduces.
◆ This reduces lift on wings of Aircraft and
requires greater ground speed
◆ Longer runway is required for greater speeds
◆ ICAO recommends basic runway length to
be increased at a rate of 7% per 1000 ft.
Rise in elevation above mean sea level

12. CORRECTIONS FOR
TEMPERATURE
It is the monthly mean of average daily temperature for the hottest
month of the year(Ta) plus one third the difference of this temperature
and the monthly mean of the maximum daily temperature(Tm).
•ICAO recommends that the basic runway length after having been
corrected for elevation should be further increased at the rate of 1% per
1° C rise of airport reference temperature

13. CONTROL TOWER
◆ A tower where in Air traffic is controlled
◆ Small and medium airports have only 1 tower, Large
Airports have more number of towers
◆ Radios, telephones, light guns, flight progress strip,
wind and pressure gauges etc.,

14. HELIPAD
◆ Place where Helicopters land safely
◆ Remote areas, Airports, on Roofs of
big buildings(Air-taxi services)
◆ World’s highest helipad is in Siachen
glacier ,India.

15. HANGARS
◆ Closed structure to hold planes in protective
storage
◆ Steel, Wood or Concrete is used for
construction
◆ Protect planes from weather and UV
radiations
◆ Also used to hold helicopters

16. TERMINAL BUILDING
• An airport terminal is a building at an airport where passengers
transfer between ground transportation and the facilities that allow
them to board and disembark from aircraft.
• Purchase tickets,
• Transfer their luggage, and go through security.
• The buildings that provide access to the airplanes (via gates) are
typically called concourses.

17. PLANNING
1. Airport Requirements
2. Site selection
3. Airport Plans
4. The Financial Plan

18. REGIONAL PLANNING
• Approximate
locations of airports
in national maps
• Classification of
airports
• Location of air strips
• Routes of air travel
• Population
• Geographical
features
• Existing airports in
vicinity
• Air traffic
characteristics

19. ICAO MASTER PLANNING
PROCESS
• Planning method
• Forecasting for planning purposes
• Site evaluation and selection
• Airport configuration
• Aircraft apron
• Passenger building
• Departure and Arrivals
• Other facilities

21. SITE SELECTION
Depends on Class of airport under consideration.
Factors for the site selection of a major airport are
1. Regional plan
2. Airport use
3. Proximity to other airports
4. Ground accessibility
5. Topography
6. Obstructions
7. Visibility
8. Wind
9. Noise nuisance
10. Grading, drainage and soil characteristics
11. Future development
12. Availability of utilities from town
13. Economic considerations

22. LIGHTING OF AIRPORTS
◆ First appeared in Cleveland Municipal
Airport in 1930
◆ Guide airplanes during night.
◆ Various colours are used for different
signals

23. APRONS
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Paved area for parking of aircrafts, loading and unloading of
passengers and cargo
Gate position
Number of gate positions
Aircraft parking system
→Frontal, Open Apron system, Finger system, Satellite system

24. ORGANISATIONS
• National Airports Authority (NAA)
• International Airports Authority of India (IAAI)
• Airports Authority of India (AAI)
• International Civil Aviation Organisation
(ICAO)
• Federal Aviation Agency (FAA)
• Directorate of Civil Aviation

25. REFERENCES
◆ Airport Planning and Design, by S.K. Khanna,
M.G. Arora, S.S. Jain (6thedition)
◆ Airport Engineering, by Ranganwala S.C.
◆ Google images
◆ IEEE Xplore.org

26. THANK YOU