This document discusses nutritional assessment at the individual and population levels. It describes the key components of individual nutritional assessment as anthropometry, biochemistry, clinical assessment, dietary intake assessment, and energy requirement determination. It then provides details on anthropometric measurements including BMI, waist circumference, body composition analysis techniques, and the use of mortality and morbidity data for population nutritional assessment.
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
This was done as a student presentation using photographs & content from various web sites & textbooks on the assumption of fair usage for studying & is for NON-COMMERCIAL purposes.
Nutrient needs during the life stages of pregnancy and lactation are increased relative to women who are not pregnant or lactating. Mathematical models predict that energy requirements increase by an estimated 300 kcal/day during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and by 500 kcal/day during lactation
Discuss essential components and purposes of nutritional assessment and nutritional screening.
Identify developmental nutritional considerations.
Identify factors influencing nutrition.
Identify anthropometric measures.
Identify risk factors and clinical signs of malnutrition.
Describe nursing interventions to promote optimal nutrition.
Plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care associated with nursing diagnoses related to nutritional problems.
IWMW 2006: Archiving the Web What can Institutions learn from National and In...IWMW
Slides used in workshop session B5 on "Archiving the Web What can Institutions learn from National and International Web Archiving Initiatives" at the IWMW 2006 event held at the University of Bath on 14 - 16 June 2006.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/sessions/pennock/
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
This was done as a student presentation using photographs & content from various web sites & textbooks on the assumption of fair usage for studying & is for NON-COMMERCIAL purposes.
Nutrient needs during the life stages of pregnancy and lactation are increased relative to women who are not pregnant or lactating. Mathematical models predict that energy requirements increase by an estimated 300 kcal/day during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and by 500 kcal/day during lactation
Discuss essential components and purposes of nutritional assessment and nutritional screening.
Identify developmental nutritional considerations.
Identify factors influencing nutrition.
Identify anthropometric measures.
Identify risk factors and clinical signs of malnutrition.
Describe nursing interventions to promote optimal nutrition.
Plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care associated with nursing diagnoses related to nutritional problems.
IWMW 2006: Archiving the Web What can Institutions learn from National and In...IWMW
Slides used in workshop session B5 on "Archiving the Web What can Institutions learn from National and International Web Archiving Initiatives" at the IWMW 2006 event held at the University of Bath on 14 - 16 June 2006.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/sessions/pennock/
The session was conducted by Mr. Yugank Chaturvedi
( Director, Corporate Affairs) who also gave examples of his personal life related to goal setting and achieving.
Partage de knowhow TIC et mise en œuvre de ponts technologiques
Agence Wallonne à l’Exportation Séminaire préparatoire pour la mission CHTF - Shenzhen & Taipei Nov. 2015
IWMW 2003 b4 QA for web sites (3 Intro to Quality)IWMW
Slides (3 Introduction to Quality) used in workshop session B4 on "Catching Mistakes: QA for your Web site" at the IWMW 2003 event held at the University of Kent on 11-13 June 2003.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2003/sessions/#workshops-b
Slides for talk given at IWMW 1999 held at Goldsmiths College on 7-9 September 1999.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-sep1999/materials/security/
This paper describes trends in consulting business models and provides a tool to help consultancies develop their own new business model. Brief case studies of new models are included.
A comparative observations being made how waqf institutions in Turkey and Malaysia are being managed for the development of education, The writer made an opinion that waqf institutions in Turkey are well managed and could be the best model to be emulated.
Ethnic differences, obesity and cancer,
stages of the obesity epidemic and cancer prevention
Professor TH Lam, JP, BBS
MD, FFPH, FFOM, Hon FHKCCM, FHKAM, FRCP
Sir Robert Kotewall Professor in Public Health, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
UICC World Cancer Congress Melbourne, Australia 3-6 December 2014
Nutrition and HIV: More than 3 decades laterNelson Vergel
What is the role of nutrition and micronutrients in the management of patients with HIV in the new era of highly active anti-retroviral medications? What can we do to reduce metabolic side effects of certain HIV medications?
Basic Intravenous Therapy 4: Total Parenteral NutritionRonald Magbitang
Lecture Presentation in Basic Intravenous Therapy Seminar regards anothe type of IV fluid the TPN, nutrition in this regard given intravenously, how to go about, the considerations and precautions in giving TPN
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
2. The first step before planning and evaluating
the nutritional care of individuals or groups
Determined on the basis of multiple kinds of
information
A systematic method for obtaining, verifying
& interpreting information
5. Four main components
1. Anthropometry
2. Biochemistry (Laboratory assessment)
3. Clinical assessment
4. Dietary intake
5. Energy requirements
6. Study of physical dimensions of the body
Standardised equipment & procedures essential
Body size
direct measurements
height, weight, circumferences
derived values
Body shape
Waist hip ratio, body weight distribution
Body composition
size of lean tissue and fat compartments
7. One of the most commonly used
measurements for assessing nutritional status
Ratio of weight to height
Caution – BMI not ideal for determining health
risk as it does not reflect amount of muscle
compared to fat
8.
9. # WHO 2000, AIHW (2004)
* Ideal body wt (IBW) or desirable wt for ht (US Metropolitan Life Insurance data)
9
Classification # BMI (kg/m2) IBW % * Risk of Chronic
Disease
Underweight <18.5 >10% below* Low (but other
risks)
Normal range 18.5-24.9 desirable Average
Overweight >25
pre-obese 25.0-29.9 (10-19% above*) Increased
obese class I 30.0-34.9 (>20% above*) Moderate
obese class II 35.0-39.9 Severe
obese class III >40 Very severe
10. BMI classification in kg/m2
10
Asian Pacific Is.
<18.5 <19.9 Underweight
18.5-23.9 20.0 - 26.9 Normal
weight
24.0-26.0 27.0-32.9 Overweight
27.0-39.0 33.0-39.9 Obesity
11. The International Obesity TaskForce
(IOTF) published BMI thresholds defining
paediatric overweight and obesity in
2000.
Centile equivalents for children aged 2–18
were derived statistically by
extrapolation from adult cutoffs at BMI 25
and 30 kg/m2, respectively.
They were not intended for clinical use
but to assess trends and to compare
populations.
12.
13.
14. Height requires a
stadiometer – a
ruler calibrated in
cm and m, which is
fixed to the wall
and has a movable
head plate
15. Infants up to 36
months should be
measured in
cm, using
recumbent length
if they are unable
to stand
16. Chumlea has developed formula to estimate
knee height in those who are unable to stand
Men = 64.19 – (0.04 X age) + (0.02 X
knee height)
Women = 84.88 – (0.24 X age) + (1.83 X
knee height)
Chumlea WC, Steinbaugh ML, Roche AF, Mukherjee D, Gopalaswamy N.
(1985) Nutritional anthropometric assessment in elderly persons 65 to 90
years of age. Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly. 4:39-51.
17.
18. Is measured on scales
which are on a hard, firm
surface and calibrated
daily
Weight is usually
measured to the nearest
0.5kg
19. 1. Waist circumference (AIHW, 2005) > 18 y
>94 cm (M) >80 cm (F) – abdominal
overweight
>102 cm (M) >88 cm (F) – abdominal
obesity
2. Waist: hip ratio
visceral fat around organs vs.
subcutaneous fat on hips
optimal WHR is < 1 (M) or < 0.8 (F)
varies with: genes, age, ethnicity, sex
increased by 'stress', smoking, alcohol
decreased by physical activity
19
21. Metabolically active tissue determines
energy requirements
Lean body mass or muscle mass is the
most metabolically active tissue
Bodies are made up of water and
fluids, bone, muscle and fat
80% of energy requirements are
determined by height, weight, sex and
age
22. Body fat – skinfold thicknesses and Dual X ray
Absorptiometry (DEXA)
Body water – Bioelectrical impedance (BIA)
Body cell mass – Total body potassium, DEXA
(bone, muscle)
28. Blood tests
Readily obtained (so often used)
Vary little (homeostatic control)
Should be used in conjunction with nutrient and
supplementation history
Tissue testing
May include hair & nails for information about
trace elements
Other tissues only acceptable under exceptional
circumstances (invasive)
Urine testing
Varies between nutrients and influenced by
variety of factors (including volume of urine)
Multiple samples required
Functional tests
Ability to perform specific functions (e.g.
muscle response, immunological response)
29. Advantages:
Provide the earliest
indications of some
nutrient deficiencies &
excesses
Can confirm a nutritional
diagnosis made on the
basis of signs & symptoms
Can be used to assess the
effect of nutritional
therapy
30. Information obtained includes:
Socio-demographic details (age, gender, occupation)
Medical history (including family history)
Dietary intakes
To help identify patients at risk of nutritional deficiency
Signs & symptoms important
32. Infant birth weight
Provides information on:
maternal health & nutritional status
risk of infant mortality
Is influenced by:
maternal body size, infection, smoking, alcohol
consumption, maternal nutrition during pregnancy
Infant mortality data
% related to prevalence of low birth weight (populations
with high rates of low birth weight usually have high
rates of infant mortality) e.g. Indigenous Australians
Also
affects
33. Inappropriate infant feeding practices influences
growth & development esp. in the 1st 4 to 6 mths
Decrease in breastfeeding since 1945 (21% 1971, above 50%
since 1985)
Breastfeeding or correctly prepared infant formula
infant morbidity & mortality
34. Provide information on:
the diseases & conditions that are reported as
causes of death/hospital admissions
possibly on chronic conditions such as cancer &
diabetes
Reflect:
the major social & health problems of the
community
And can be used as:
clues to the most likely causes of mortality &
morbidity
measures of the prevalence of specific nutrition
related conditions
35. Only provide information on:
Indirect measures of the kinds of nutritional
problems most likely to be encountered in a
population
Multi-factorial aetiology of conditions in developed
countries
Current burden of disease statistics available from
the AIHW
Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) are the years of
life lost due to premature mortality & disability &
measure the number of healthy years of life lost as a
consequence of death or newly diagnosed disease or
injury in the population.
36. Weight & height are used in population studies as
they:
provide an overall measure of nutritional status
are non-invasive
are quick to carry out
use minimal (& cheap) equipment
Provide information on:
the growth of children
the prevalence of obesity or underweight
Editor's Notes
The skinfold estimation methods are based on a skinfold test, whereby a pinch of skin is precisely measured by calipers at several standardized points on the body to determine the subcutaneous fat layer thickness. These measurements are converted to an estimated body fat percentage by an equation. Some formulas require as few as three measurements, others as many as seven. The accuracy of these estimates is more dependent on a person's unique body fat distribution than on the number of sites measured. As well, it is of utmost importance to test in a precise location with a fixed pressure. Although it may not give an accurate reading of real body fat percentage, it is a reliable measure of body composition change over a period of time, provided the test is carried out by the same person with the same technique.Skinfold-based body fat estimation is sensitive to the type of caliper used, and technique. This method also only measures one type of fat: subcutaneous adipose tissue (fat under the skin). Two individuals might have nearly identical measurements at all of the skin fold sites, yet differ greatly in their body fat levels due to differences in other body fat deposits such as visceral adipose tissue: fat in the abdominal cavity. Some models partially address this problem by including age as a variable in the statistics and the resulting formula. Older individuals are found to have a lower body density for the same skinfoldmeasurements, which is assumed to signify a higher body fat percentage. However, older, highly athletic individuals might not fit this assumption, causing the formulas to underestimate their body densityAdvantages: simple, quickDisadvantages: requires training, 5 – 10% error
The general principle behind BIA: two conductors are attached to a person's body and a small electric current is sent through the body. The resistance between the conductors will provide a measure of body fat, since the resistance to electricity varies between adipose, muscular and skeletal tissue. Fat-free mass (muscles) is a good conductor as it contains a large amount of water (approximately 73%) and electrolytes, while fat is anhydrous and a poor conductor of electric current.Advantages: simple to useDisadvantages: Altered hydration status will affect results
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, or DXA (formerly DEXA), is a newer method for estimating body fat percentage, and is a very efficient and advantageous method of determining body composition and bone mineral density.X-rays of two different energies are used to scan the body, one of which is absorbed more strongly by fat than the other. A computer can subtract one image from the other, and the difference indicates the amount of fat relative to other tissues at each point. A sum over the entire image enables calculation of the overall body compositionAdvantages: High precision, measures fat directlyDisadvantages: Expensive
Whole body counting, refers to the measurement of radioactivity within the human body. The technique is only applicable to radioactive material that emit gamma rays. A gamma ray is emitted from a radioactive element within the human body. If its energy is sufficient that it can escape the body before being absorbed or have any other interaction where it can lose energy, it can be detected. Usually either a scintillation detector or a semiconductor detector would be used for such purposes.There are many ways a person can be positioned for this measurement: sitting, lying, standing. The detectors can be single or multiple and can either be stationary or moving.Advantages: Direct measure of intracellular K, 3 – 4% errorDisadvantages: Availability and expense (research only)