Okay, here are the steps:
1) Height in m = 1.96 m
2) Weight in kg = 125 kg
3) BMI = Weight (kg) / [Height (m)]2
= 125 kg / (1.96 m)2
= 125 / 3.8416
= 32.5 kg/m2
4) Classification according to WHO:
BMI between 30-34.9 is obese class I
Therefore, the BMI is 32.5 kg/m2 and the classification is obese class I.
Service providers who receive high nutrition risk referrals, particularly Registered Dietitians, need to be knowledgeable about general and clinical pediatric nutrition as well as counselling skills for working with families and children.
This is the second of five self-directed training modules available in PowerPoint presentations that have been developed and evaluated to respond to this need
Service providers who receive high nutrition risk referrals, particularly Registered Dietitians, need to be knowledgeable about general and clinical pediatric nutrition as well as counselling skills for working with families and children.
This is the third of five self-directed training modules available in PowerPoint presentations that have been developed and evaluated to respond to this need
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
Service providers who receive high nutrition risk referrals, particularly Registered Dietitians, need to be knowledgeable about general and clinical pediatric nutrition as well as counselling skills for working with families and children.
This is the second of five self-directed training modules available in PowerPoint presentations that have been developed and evaluated to respond to this need
Service providers who receive high nutrition risk referrals, particularly Registered Dietitians, need to be knowledgeable about general and clinical pediatric nutrition as well as counselling skills for working with families and children.
This is the third of five self-directed training modules available in PowerPoint presentations that have been developed and evaluated to respond to this need
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
Presentation covers the different types of nutritional status in individuals; undernutrition, malnutrition, and over nutrition. Also discusses different causes of those types.
SPHERE, Oxfam, Red R, Save the Children, IMNCI presentations were summarized for Emergency Food Security and Livelihoods meet in Kolkata 10th February 2011
Clinical Research Challenges and Best Practices in Pediatric Research in Canada - Dr. Al Wahab - 2015
Dr. Zeina AlWahab, M.D.
Prof. Peivand Pirouzi, Ph.D., M.B.A.
nutritional assessment - a community based survey/study performed in children.
Anthropometry holds an important position in the assessment of nutrition.
it comprises easy and simple tools that can be analysed by ASHAs and ANMs at community level too apart from physicians.
Presentation covers the different types of nutritional status in individuals; undernutrition, malnutrition, and over nutrition. Also discusses different causes of those types.
SPHERE, Oxfam, Red R, Save the Children, IMNCI presentations were summarized for Emergency Food Security and Livelihoods meet in Kolkata 10th February 2011
Clinical Research Challenges and Best Practices in Pediatric Research in Canada - Dr. Al Wahab - 2015
Dr. Zeina AlWahab, M.D.
Prof. Peivand Pirouzi, Ph.D., M.B.A.
nutritional assessment - a community based survey/study performed in children.
Anthropometry holds an important position in the assessment of nutrition.
it comprises easy and simple tools that can be analysed by ASHAs and ANMs at community level too apart from physicians.
This ppt was prepared by Mohammed Seid Ali (Researcher, Educator, Clinician; Assistant professor) from Gondar, Ethiopia. The ppt contains 52 slides about nutritional assessment in children. The topic is very important for all readers across the world to identify nutritional problems easily, design appropriate interventions, implement nutritional-related health policies, and for the clinicians as a baseline to treat nutritional abnormalities
Assessment Methods For Nutritional StatusDrSindhuAlmas
By the end of this lecture the you should be able:
To know the different methods for assessing the nutritional status To understand the basic anthropometric techniques, applications, & reference standards
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com1Chapter 5Impacts of.docxbudbarber38650
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com
1
Chapter 5
Impacts of Undernutrition
Dr. WJ Mueller
AG 201
Undernutrition is a physical condition
Hunger is a subjective feeling that comes from not having enough food
Previously we learned that under nutrition causes:
Stunting
Disease susceptibility
Reduces capacity to do work
Reduces intellectual development & ability
4
Height to Weight comparisons
Many studies show that there is an ideal height to weight ratio
People who are underweight or overweight have a higher risk of death than those in the normal range
Part of a physical exam is to advise patients on their “healthy weight”
See Figure 5.1
Waaler Surface (see Fig. 5.1)
Waaler Surface (see Fig. 5.1)
5.1c Tall people - currently undernourished
Short people, undernourished while growing up
7
Child Health
Children underdeveloped immune system
More susceptible to disease (they are already weakened)
Undernourished & Pregnant
Low birth-weight children
Babies are 40X more likely to die
8
Child Health (cont.)
Low birth-wt. children an indicator of:
Mother malnourished during pregnancy, or
Mother malnourished while growing up
Remember:
Low calories and protein &/or
Micronutrient deficient
9
Child Health (cont.)
Breast feeding results in healthier babies
Provided with all the nutrients needed
Immunities passed on to the child
Clean food supply
10
Breast feeding (cont.)
Infant does not have to compete with the rest of family for food
Even women who are mild/moderately undernourished provide sufficient milk
11
Breast feeding (cont.)
Problem
AIDS can be passed to infant
Vitamin A deficiency - increases chances of child getting AIDS
12
13
Menstruation & Breast-feeding
Body makes estrogen from cholesterol (a type of fat)
Low weight, less estrogen
Delayed menarche (Age of first menstrual period)
“Rises in intelligence in Western populations during the 20th century are due largely to improvements in nutrition.”
14
IV. Effects of undernutrition
A. Mental development impaired
B. Educational achievement lowered
C. Smaller adults
who do less physical work
who earn less money
IV. Effects of undernutrition (cont.)
D. They are less productive when working and lose more work time to sickness
so have less money to buy food
Reduced Height-For-Age
Reduced Educational Attainment
Reduced Potential Work Experience
All contribute to a 7 to 12% decrease
in life-long earnings
Studies show a relationship between nutrition and height-for-age.
There is also a relationship between nutrition and educational attainment.
So, is there a link between schooling completed and height-for-age?
Yes!
Perhaps this partially explains the “sex-appeal” of taller people?!
18
Is this an unfair “height” bias?
World Bank Report:
An increase in a person’s height by 1% is associated with an increase in that person’s wages by 1.38%.
Even when only ‘uneducated’ were
included in the analysis.
Stunting causes an econom.
Service providers who receive high nutrition risk referrals, particularly Registered Dietitians, need to be knowledgeable about general and clinical pediatric nutrition as well as counselling skills for working with families and children.
This is the first of five self-directed training modules available in PowerPoint presentations that have been developed and evaluated to respond to this need
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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2. • Desirable nutrition - body has enough of the essential nutrients for
normal (homeostatic) function plus reasonable stores for times of
increased need
• Malnutrition
mal = bad,
Really means absence of nutritional health, or nutritional
imbalance: includes significant deficiency or excess over time
• Under-nutrition
-Not consuming enough nutrients to fully meet biological needs
-Mostly associated with poverty, illness, alcoholism, some diseases
• Over-nutrition
-Consistently consuming more than necessary to meet biological
needs
-Overconsumption of fats, calories, cholesterol increase risk of chronic
disease
Nutritional Health
6. Kwashiorkor
*children of age 1 to 4 years
*weaning years,
*The classical syndrome is that of:
retarded growth and development with mental
apathy,
edema,
muscular wasting, and
depigmentation of hair and skin.
9. Marasmus
*in infants of age 6 to 8 months
*it is caused by chronic dietary under-nutrition
*Trigged with the occurrence of repeated diarrhea.
*Some underlying factors such as
low socio-economic,
other diseases such as tuberculosis, gastro-enteritis
parasitic infestations are usually present.,
*It is manifested by gradual wasting
10.
11. Marasmus
1-Very low body weight
2-Severe muscle wasting
3-Loss of subcutaneous fat
4-Absence of edema
13. Classification of Protein Energy
Malnutrition
%90% to75Weight for age“Mild”:First degree
of Standard
Weight for age:“Moderate”Second degree
60% to 75% of Standard
Weight for age less than“Severe”:Third degree
60% of Standard.
14. Evaluation of nutritional status is:
A comprehensive evaluation of a person’s
nutrition status.
The interpretation of information obtained from a
variety of methods to identify populations OR
individuals at risk of poor nutritional status.
15. Assessment of
Nutritional Status
Direct Tools:
Dietary Surveys
Clinical Examination
Anthropometry
Biochemical tests
Indirect Tools
Morbidity
Mortality Rates
Ecological
Factors
Magnitude of
Health services
A B C D
16. Nutritional Survey
Objectives:
*To determine the magnitude & geographical
distribution of malnutrition
*To determine underlying ecological factors of
malnutrition
*To plan for control & prevention of malnutrition
17. A-Dietary Surveys
They require:
Updated national statistics on food and
agriculture
Shows the distribution of national food supply
among different groups of the population during
different seasons
•Uses representative samples
18. Dietary Surveys are carried out on
1-Community Level (Food Balanced Sheet)
2-Family Level (Family Surveys):
Family members are recorded according to age, sex
and occupation
Food consumption is measured over
- 24 hours/ 24 hour recall
-over a week or a month
3. Specific Groups
4. Individuals
21. D-Biochemical Examination
1.Serum or plasma
2.Total proteins or amino acids
3.Vit A &carotene Vit C B12
4.Iron, Serum Fe and transferrin
5.Red Blood cell Count
6.Hemoglobin
7.Urine: Creatinine, urea, thiamin, riboflavin
23. Indirect tools of Nutritional Assessment
I-Mortality Rates:
Infant mortality Rate
Mortality of under 5 years
Ratio of under 5 mdeats/total deaths
Perinatal mortality rate
Cause specific mortality rate
II- Morbidity Rates
24. III- Ecological Factors
Information about:
No of Heath centers, hospitals
Feeding habits of the community
Feeding of vulnerable groups
Socio economic factors
Income and food prices
25. Anthropometry
Greek ‘anthropos’ = human, ‘metro’ = measurement
Measurement of physical characteristics e.g. height, weight,
body composition (fat!). Compare with standards for age, sex …
26. Anthropometry
Is the measurement of the human body,
Measurements of the variations of the physical dimensions and the
gross composition of the human body at different age levels and
degrees of nutrition
General uses
-To evaluate progress of growth: identify people whose growth is
outside normal values suggesting under or over nutrition
-Screening tool to identify individuals at high risk of malnutrition.
-To measure changes over time: monitor effects of nutrition
intervention for treatment of disease, surgery or malnutrition. Also,
can track weight changes that may indicate disease
28. Child Health Program
Well Child Clinic
All infants and children below 5 years should
visit this clinic regularly for the following:
1.A full clinical examination
2.Growth assessment
3.Immunisation according to the schedule of
EPI
4.Treatment of any health problem
29. Child Health Program
Continuous growth monitoring will identify:
Failure to thrive as early as possible
giving chance to adequate
management and intervention
30. Expanded Program of Immunization
Un-immunized children are susceptible
to various infectious diseases
31. What's meant by Growth charts?
* 9 percentile curves (3rd to 97th percentiles)
representing the distribution of weight ,height
(length for less than 36 months) or head
circumference values at each age and sex.
* The percentile curve of weight for age
indicates the % of children at a given age (on the
x axis) whose measured value falls below the
corresponding weight (on the Y axis).
32. What's meant by Growth charts?
1)-The 50th percentile:
Is the median the value above and below which 50% of the
observed values fall.
2)An infant at the 5th of weight for age may be growing
normally or failing to grow or may be recovering from
growth failure.
(DON’T Judge the growth by single value).
3)-Canalization (Way to health):
-growth of the infant and children stay within one or two
growth curves.
-controlled by the genes of the body.
35. General aspects for G C Interpretation1
1)Successful readings not single point of drop.
2)Analysis may provides critical information:
a)If the child weight drops down more than two major
percentile lines. (failure to thrive)
b)Decrease in w/a and w/h curves (wasting).
(acute under nutrition)
c)Decrease in h/a curve(stunting).
(several months of caloric deprivation)
(put in mind w/h curve may return to normal again?)
d)sever under nutrition depresses head growth.
36. General aspects for G C Interpretation2
3)Chronically undernourished child is stunted but
not necessarily wasted.
4)It is important to review growth parameters with
the previous values and with parents for occurrence
of diseases that could have caused drop in growth at
different occasions like RTIs,GEs,Mothers death.
5)Put in mind growth pattern of the family as it may
be no problem in a baby below 5th percentile
(Familial short stature).
37.
38.
39. What can we measure?
Indices & ratios to describe body size
Generalised equations to predict body fat
Skinfolds, girths, lengths &
breadths
41. Anthropometric indices of growth - 1
Head circumference for age
Index of chronic protein energy nutritional status during first 2
yrs of life
Weight for age
Index of acute malnutrition widely used to assess protein energy
malnutrition & over-nutrition in children from 6 months to 7 yrs
.
Limitations include
1.Age often unknown
2.Composition of the weight unknown (lean, fat, oedema,
tumour etc..)
42. Weight for height
Sensitive index of current nutritional status which is relatively
independent of age between one and 10 yrs.
Can be used in conjunction with weight for age.
Height for age
Within populations, heights of children at a given age reflect their
nutritional status
Anthropometric indices of growth - 2
43. Waist circumference
Ref: Han et al, BMJ 1995 311:1401-5
Ideal Increased Risk Greater Risk
male <94 94-101 >102
Female <80 80-87 >88
Girth in centimetres
Cardiovascular Risk
A useful indicator of obesity,
especially of central obesity
Measurement are taken at the
narrowest part of the upper body
(above the “umbilicus”) at the
end of a normal breath
44. Waist circumference / hip circumference
An indicator of body fat distribution
The WHO states that abdominal
obesity is defined as a waist–hip
ratio above 0.90 for males and
above 0.85 for females indicating a
tendency for central fat deposition &
possible health risk
Hip circumference with clothing
introduces error
45. Skinfold Thickness
•Most of the fat stored in the
body lies immediately under
the skin
•The thickness of a fold of skin
picked at strategic sites
indicates the amount of
subcutaneous fat
•Based on the idea that a
measure of the largest
deposit of body fat may
provide a reasonable estimate
of TOTAL body fat
•Middle of triceps:
•In male: 20cm
•In female: 30cm
fat within subcutaneous
adipose, bone marrow,
visceral and intramuscular
fat
47. Skinfold Thickness
3 measurements made at each site
The median of the 3 readings are calculated and summed
The sum of the 4 skinfolds is then entered into a table (Durnin
& Womersley, 1974), taking the age and sex of the subject into
account.
Examples
In a 24y old male with SFT = 40mm, % body fat = 16.4%
In a 24y old female with SFT = 40mm, % body fat = 23.4%
48. Anthropometric assessment of
body composition
oUnderwater weighing
measures body fat
Archimedes’ principle: an object’s loss of weight in water = the
weight of the volume of water it displaces, because the object in
the water is buoyed up by a counterforce which = the mass of
water it displaces.
oDuel Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
measures bone mass, lean tissue (and fat by difference).
oBioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
Principle: tissues such as blood or muscle are highly conductive
whereas fat and bone are highly resistive
The volume of these tissues can be estimated from the
measurement of the resistance to an applied electric current
flowing through the body.
51. Caloric requirements(cont.)
3)Age :
-Age reduces the caloric needs
-1st 6 months: 110kcal/kg/day
-Adult: 40kcal/kg/day
4)climate:
*Decreased by 5%for every 10c increase of
external temperature above the reference temp.
*increased by only 3% for every 10c below 10c.
55. BMI and Obesity
height (m2)/BMI = weight (kg)
This ratio was first suggested as a measure of fatness
by (Quetelet in 1869)
Example: If x weighs 58 kg and he is 165 cm
tall, what is his BMI?
56. Classification of weight in adults
according to BMI (WHO, 1998)
):2(kg/mBMI
-Underweight < 18.5
-Normal range 18.5 - 24.9
-overweight >25
-Obese class I: 30.0 - 34.9
-Obese class II: 35.0-39.9
- Obese class III: > 40
www.food.gov.ukChart from