Diet therapy involves specially designed meal plans to aid medical or nutritional recovery from illness or disease. Therapeutic diets modify nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins or fiber based on conditions like diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease or malnutrition. Common therapeutic diets include diabetic, heart healthy, renal, high fiber, lactose free, gluten free, food allergy or intolerance diets, and high calorie diets for malnutrition. Ensuring residents receive tasty, nutritious foods integrated into standard menus helps provide effective nutritional care through therapeutic diets.
Diet does not substitute drugs but it is considered a complementary therapy.
The goals of dietary advice are:
To prevent or manage some medical conditions
To maintain or improve health through the use of appropriate and healthy food choices
To achieve and maintain optimal metabolic and physiological outcome
Cookery rules and preservation of nutrientsmanisaikoduri
this presentation gives the information regarding cooking definition, its principles,and methods and also the protective measure to prevent nutrient loss while cooking, food preservation, and also provide information regarding food additives, its usage and its side effects, and finally preparation of 2 recepiees
Diet does not substitute drugs but it is considered a complementary therapy.
The goals of dietary advice are:
To prevent or manage some medical conditions
To maintain or improve health through the use of appropriate and healthy food choices
To achieve and maintain optimal metabolic and physiological outcome
Cookery rules and preservation of nutrientsmanisaikoduri
this presentation gives the information regarding cooking definition, its principles,and methods and also the protective measure to prevent nutrient loss while cooking, food preservation, and also provide information regarding food additives, its usage and its side effects, and finally preparation of 2 recepiees
Life cannot be sustained without adequate nourishment.
Man needs adequate food for growth and development and to lead an active and healthy life.
Food plays an important role in maintaining a person's nutritional and health status.
PLANTS
Many plant & plant part are eaten as a food.
Seeds are good source of food for animals including humans because they contain nutrients.
All seeds are not healthy. Eg- apple seeds & cherry seeds contains cyanide.
A presentation I made for a graduate-level Maternal & Childhood Nutrition course. This PowerPoint focuses on the important role good nutrition can play in this age group, as well as nutrition programs for this age group.
Proteins classification, source, function & RDA Dhaka Gaurav
Introduction to Protein Nutrient
Attributes of Protein
Classification of Protein
Source of Protein
Functions of Protein
RDA for Protein
Excess and Deficiency of proteins
Age:
During the growth period, the BMR is high, therefore during infancy the energy need per Kg of body weight is highest than during adulthood.
The period at which the basal metabolism reaches its highest level is between the ages of 1-2 years.
A gradual decline occurs between the age of 2-5 years, with a more rapid decline until adult age.
Sex:
The BMR is higher in adolescent boys and adult males as compared to adolescent girls and adult females though it is not due to direct influence of sex differences, but are due to the differences in body composition.
Males have a greater amount of muscles and glandular tissues which is metabolically more active whereas, females have greater adipose tissues which is metabolically less active, Hence energy requirement of males is higher than of females.
Food and nutrition are the way that we get fuel, providing energy for our bodies. We need to replace nutrients in our bodies with a new supply every day.
Life cannot be sustained without adequate nourishment.
Man needs adequate food for growth and development and to lead an active and healthy life.
Food plays an important role in maintaining a person's nutritional and health status.
PLANTS
Many plant & plant part are eaten as a food.
Seeds are good source of food for animals including humans because they contain nutrients.
All seeds are not healthy. Eg- apple seeds & cherry seeds contains cyanide.
A presentation I made for a graduate-level Maternal & Childhood Nutrition course. This PowerPoint focuses on the important role good nutrition can play in this age group, as well as nutrition programs for this age group.
Proteins classification, source, function & RDA Dhaka Gaurav
Introduction to Protein Nutrient
Attributes of Protein
Classification of Protein
Source of Protein
Functions of Protein
RDA for Protein
Excess and Deficiency of proteins
Age:
During the growth period, the BMR is high, therefore during infancy the energy need per Kg of body weight is highest than during adulthood.
The period at which the basal metabolism reaches its highest level is between the ages of 1-2 years.
A gradual decline occurs between the age of 2-5 years, with a more rapid decline until adult age.
Sex:
The BMR is higher in adolescent boys and adult males as compared to adolescent girls and adult females though it is not due to direct influence of sex differences, but are due to the differences in body composition.
Males have a greater amount of muscles and glandular tissues which is metabolically more active whereas, females have greater adipose tissues which is metabolically less active, Hence energy requirement of males is higher than of females.
Food and nutrition are the way that we get fuel, providing energy for our bodies. We need to replace nutrients in our bodies with a new supply every day.
this presentation will give you basic understanding about Nutrition , Wellness, Diet, and supplements. this slides are important for trainers of MLM & Direct selling companies, for first hand basic understanding of Nutrition & Wellness this is a good presentation
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
2. Contents
Diet therapy
Nutrition and diet therapy
Types of diet therapy
Essential (micro) nutrients
Balanced diet
therapeutic diets and disorders
3. Diet therapy
Definition
Diet therapy is concerned with recovery from illness and prevention of
disease.
Diet therapies are specially designed and prescribed for medical or
general nutritional reasons.
Purpose
It promotes a balanced selection of foods vital for good health. By
combining foods appropriate for each individual and drinking the proper
amount of water, one can help maintain the best possible health.
4. Nutrition= digestion, metabolism, circulation and
elimination
Nutritional Status= refers to the state of one’s nutrition
Wellness= state of good health with optimal body
function (requires good nutrition )
7. *Composed of chemical elements found in
food.
*Used by the body to perform body functions
*Nutrients in foods replace those used by the
body
*Essential nutrients are divided into six groups.
8. *Major source of human
energy
*Starches or sugars
*Easily digested, grow
well in most climates,
keep well without
refrigeration
*Main sources: bread,
cereals, pasta, crackers,
potatoes, corn peas,
fruits, sugars and syrups
Cellulose = indigestible
carbohydrate, provides bulk
(bran, whole-grain cereal,
fibrous fruits, & vegetables.
9. *Lipid
*Provide flavor to meal
*Maintain body temperature
*Concentrated form of energy
*Main sources: butter, oils,
creams, fatty meats, cheeses,
and egg yolk
*Classified as saturated or poly
unsaturated
Cholesterol: fatty substance found in body
cells and animal fats – eggs, meat, shellfish,
butter cream, cheese, milk, organ meats
Excess
cholesterol is
believed to
contribute to
atherosclerosis
10. *Build and repair body
tissue
*Provide heat and energy
*Help makes antibodies
*Make up to 22 amino
acids (9are essential)
*Main sources complete
protein: meat, fish,
milk, cheese, eggs,
*Incomplete proteins:
cereal, soybeans, dry
beans, peas and peanuts
11. *Organic compounds that
are essential to life
*Regulate body functions
*Repair body tissues
*Only a small amount
required –well balanced
diet provides required
vitamins
*Excess or deficiency can
cause poor health
*Water soluble or fat
soluble
12. *Inorganic (nonliving)
elements found in all
body tissues
*Regulate body functions
*Build and repair body
tissues
*They include: calcium,
phosphorus, sodium,
potassium, iron, iodine,
fluorine and others.
13. *Found in all body tissues
*Essential for digestion
*Makes up most of blood plasma
*Helps body tissues absorb
nutrient
*Helps move waste material
through body
Average person should drink 6-8 glasses
of water a day.
14. Digestion- breaks down the foods we eat by
1. Mechanical or chemical processes
2.Peristalsis
Absorption – process of taking nutrients by the body
1.Most absorption occurs in the small intestine
2.Water, salts and some vitamins in large intestine
Metabolism – use of nutrients by the body .
1. Basal Metabolic rate (BMR)
15. A balanced diet is composed of variety
of foods which contain all the essential
nutrients and micronutrients in right
proportion.
OR
Balanced diet should match the body’s
nutritional needs.
Balanced diet
16. Milk group: including dairy products
Meat group: including meat, fish, eggs, etc.
Green leafy vegetables and fruit groups.
Cereal group: Bread, Rice, Wheat, Barley
Basic food group
17. • Therapeutic diets are meals plans which are
designed to assist a resident who may have a nutritional
issue requiring modification to the foods which are
provided to them.
• Modification to the texture of food or removing or
adding foods.
18. Types of therapeutic diets:-
(along with exercise)
(Criteria :- depends on cause)
Diabetic – carbohydrates modified
Heart diets – low fat, low salt
Renal – low( potassium,lipid,amino acid ,alcohol)
Bowel health – high fibre
Food intolerance – gluten, dairy
Food allergy – peanut, soy, fish ,
Malnutrition – high energy/high protein
Lactose free
(avoid milk)
19. PEM is mostly seen in young children due to
malnutrition.
Wide spread nutritional problem in
underdeveloped and developing nations.
The clinical picture is manifested in two
forms:
1)Kwashiorkor
2)Marasmus
Protein energy malnutrition
20. Protein Energy MalnutritionProtein Energy Malnutrition
• Marasmus
• Calorie deficiency in diet
Causes:
• Exclusively breast
feeding of malnourished
mother.
• Prolonged breast feeding
with inadequate
supplementation with
other food.
• Kwashiokor
• Protein deficiency in
diet.
Causes:
• Poor protein intake after
weaning.
• Acute diarrhoea
• Any other chronic
infecton
21. Protein Energy MalnutritionProtein Energy Malnutrition
• Marasmus
Usually seen in infants.
Clinical features:
• Fatty liver not common
• Retarded growth
• Child is underweight.
• Diarrhoea and vomiting
• Skin is thin flaccid and
wrinkled.
• No oedema
•
• Kwashiokor
From one to five years
of age.
Clinical features:
• Fatty liver seen
• Apathy and anorexia
• Pathes of
hyperpigmentation,
exfoliation,
desquamation and
ulceration in skin.
• Pitting oedema.
22. Malnutrition
•Associated with reduction of intake
•Elderly people may not need as much
energy as they once did
•But do need the same amounts of vitamins,
minerals and trace elements
•Poor appetite
•Reduce food intake
•Flavour – reduce taste
23. Therapeutic diet for malnutrition
High energy and high protein
Energy and nutrient dense foods
Pick foods from the menu which can be fortified
Use of supplements
Examine what a resident like to eat and
encourage those types
of foods
24. ObesityObesity
Over nutrition is called as obesity.
•Obesity is the condition in which excess fat has been
accumulated in body.
•This is due to increased energy intake and decreased energy
expenditure.
Genetic causes
Physiological cause
Overeating
Pregnancy
Post menopausal
After intake of oral contraceptive pills
27. Conclusion
Therapeutic diets to be used when necessary
Ensure that residents with malnutrition are eating foods which taste
good and full of flavor
Menu design should aim for diet integration so that everyone eats the
same types of foods
Portion control is an essential tool in menu planning
Standard recipes help with the delivery of nutritional care
28. Reference
• Textbook of food and nutrition-LC
GUPTA
• Textbook of preventive and medicine
health science-k park
• Wikipedia
• Images-Google