This document discusses cogeneration and combined heat and power (CHP). It defines cogeneration as the simultaneous generation of thermal energy and electricity from one process. There are two types of cogeneration - topping cycle, where fuel is primarily used to generate electricity and excess heat is recovered, and bottoming cycle, where waste heat from a process is used to generate electricity. The document provides examples of topping cycle systems like combined cycle, steam turbine, and gas turbine configurations. Cogeneration improves efficiency by capturing heat that would otherwise be wasted during conventional power generation.

2.  Introduction
 What is cogeneration
 Types of cogeneration
1..Topping cycle
1. Combined cycle
2. Steam turbine
3. heat energy recovery
4. Gas turbine
2.Bottoming cycle
 Generation diagram
 CHP and separate generation
 Application
 conclusion

3.  Cogeneration is the simultaneous
generation in one of process thermal
energy and electrical and/or mechanical
energy;
 Useful heat is heat produced in a cogeneration
process to satisfy an economically justifiable
demand for heating or cooling;
 The heat produced by cogeneration can be
delivered through
 various mediums, including warm water (e.g., for
space heating and hot water systems), steam or hot
air (e.g., for commercial and industrial uses).

4.  the production of electricity using waste heat
(as in steam) from an industrial process or
the use of steam from electric power
generation as a source of heat
 Cogeneration or combined heat and
power (CHP) is the use of heat engine
or power station to generate electricity and
useful heat

6. 1.Topping cycle
Combined cycle topping system
Steam turbine topping system
Heat recovery topping system
Gas turbine topping system
2.Bottoming cycle

7.  In a topping cycle utilization of fuel burned is
mainly for production of electricity and
excess thermal energy is recovered
 Heat energy is generated as a by product of
the cycle which is used to attain the thermal
requirements or satisfy process heat
 This is the most preferred method of
cogeneration
1. Combined cycle topping system
2. Steam turbine topping system
3. Heat recovery topping system
4. Gas turbine topping system

9.  Cogeneration is a more efficient use of fuel
because otherwise wasted heat from
electricity generation is put to some
productive use. Combined heat and power
(CHP) plants recover otherwise wasted
thermal energy for heating. This is also
called combined heat and power district
heating.

11.  The higher pressure steam produced by the boiler
drives turbine and then generate
 electricity.
 • The lower pressure exhaust form steam turbine
is used for industrial process application.
 • Back pressure steam turbines are used as they
exhaust low pressure steam and are more
 efficient.
 • 13% energy saving . If steam-turbine
cogeneration is used

13.  Cogeneration or combined heat and power
(CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power
station to generate electricity and
useful heat at the same time.

15.  The exhaust from the combustion chamber
issue as process heat. If necessary the hot
gases can be used traise steam in waste
heat recovery
Boiler where the heat gasses is transferred
to water.
 Gas turbines need more Maintenance than
steam Turbines.
 Energy savings of about 25% is obtained
using cogeneration

17.  Bottoming Cycle CHP. By
contrast, bottoming-cycle systems, also
known as “waste heat to power,” are a
process whereby waste heat from an existing
process is used to produce electricity. Both
topping- andbottoming-cycle systems are
types of cogeneration.

22.  The main reasons for higher specific energy
consumption in Indian Industries are obsolete
technology, lower capacity utilization and poor
operating and maintenance practices.
 EC has received increased attention in India since
the mid seventies but its impact is felt at a low
face due to inhibiting attitudes, insufficient
technical know-how, market distortions, high cost
of efficient end use devices, capital shortage etc.
 There is a need to design interventions in terms
of policies and institutions which addresses these
issues and create incentives for energy conservation